Types of muffle furnaces
Modern heating furnaces with a muffle design are represented by a wide variety of types. There are hundreds of modifications of muffle furnaces. At the same time, muffle heaters have a fairly narrow specialization . Furnaces of this type are purchased mainly for specific technological operations.
Although there are also “universal” models, their capabilities do not go far from the potential of highly specialized analogues.
First of all, muffle furnaces can be classified according to the heating method:
- Gas
- Electrical
There is an opinion that gas furnaces provide the ability to heat the muffle to a higher temperature. There are gas muffles with heating up to 2000 ˚C . Classic electric heaters allow you to achieve an average temperature of 1300 ˚C .
But modern technologies are increasingly being introduced into electric furnaces, making it possible to reach a temperature regime similar to gas models. By using a special fibrous heating material that reaches the surface layer of the muffle insulation, the furnace temperature can be increased to 1700 °C and even more.
Of course, in some workshops and production sites there is a place for old solid fuel stoves . Muffles of this type are heated by an ordinary wood/coal firebox. The main advantage of solid fuel muffles is a significant reduction in financial costs for energy.
In the past, muffle furnaces for production purposes were fired with waste from the woodworking industry. In this case, the cost of the heat treatment process itself can be considered zero.
But solid fuel muffles have one significant drawback. Such ovens do not allow temperature control at a fine level . That is, it is difficult to achieve heating stability with an ordinary wood firebox. This point is extremely important, since modern heat treatment technologies require compliance with the temperature regime with an accuracy of ±1 ˚С.
What other types of muffle furnaces exist?
Heating wells
Large billets weighing up to 35 tons are heated in heating wells, which can simultaneously accommodate from 5 to 14 ingots. Uninterrupted operation of the rolling mill is ensured by a group of heating wells. Melts are produced by steel-smelting furnaces at certain time intervals: for open-hearth furnaces it is 4-6 hours, for converters - 1-1.5 hours. The heating furnace is stopped for repairs after its service life has been completely exhausted. During this time, heating wells are used to heat the workpieces stored in the warehouse. Furnaces of this type play the role of a kind of buffer between rolling mills and smelting furnaces, maintaining their continuous operation.
Modern models of heating wells are chamber furnaces with periodic temperature and thermal regimes.
Classification by type of working environment
Muffle furnaces can provide heating of workpieces in various environments:
- Air
- Inert gas
- Vacuum
The simplest type of muffle furnaces are heaters with a traditional air chamber . The heating chamber in such furnaces is simply a hollow space into which the workpiece is placed.
In many cases, the presence of air is not critical for heat treatment. But there are still some technological operations for which the presence of air in the heating chamber is either undesirable or unacceptable.
When hardening many grades of steel and various alloys, air reacts with the surface layer of metals, which worsens the performance characteristics of the workpieces. Furnaces with inert gases or carbon dioxide supplied to the heating chamber have been developed especially for such cases . Neutral gas displaces air, creating a reliable protective layer.
Furnaces that are adapted for melting metals are often equipped with a heating chamber with a vacuum sealer. Metal melted under vacuum conditions acquires a particularly high-quality structure. Aluminum is often melted in a vacuum.
Additionally, muffle furnaces with different types of heating chambers are often equipped with an exhaust hood . Ventilation removes combustion products, moisture and other vapors from the heating chamber, the presence of which is undesirable during heat treatment.
How to choose a muffle furnace based on heating temperature.
Principle of operation
The temperature difference between the axis of the workpiece and the surface affects the uniformity of heating of the material, which plays an important role in plastic deformation. The plastic properties of the material depend on the heating temperature, and therefore uneven heating can cause deformation. Reducing the temperature difference increases the quality of rolled products and the heating time of billets, reducing furnace productivity and increasing metal waste.
Muffle furnace heating temperature
When choosing a muffle furnace, first of all you should pay attention to the temperature conditions of the heating chamber . After all, the area of use of the heating unit directly depends on the temperature.
Very often, muffle furnaces are used for melting metals and alloys . If a master deals with a specific group of metals, then there is no point in overpaying for a furnace with a higher heating temperature.
Jewelers most often face the need for melting:
- Silver
- Gold
- Copper
The melting temperature of silver is 960.8 °C. Gold melts at a temperature of 1063 °C. Copper is slightly more refractory, requiring 1083.4˚C. If a jeweler uses platinum , you will have to use a more powerful furnace, because this metal melts at a temperature of 1768 °C.
Regarding platinum, this metal is rarely melted in a muffle furnace. Due to the increased threshold of temperature resistance, induction furnaces and sometimes crucible heaters are most often used for melting patinas.
If the master is dealing with smelting iron (steel or cast iron), then the furnace should heat up to 1539 ˚C. For melting lead and aluminum, you can use simpler heaters. Lead begins to “float” already at a temperature of 327.5 °C, and aluminum needs a temperature of 660.1 °C.
Often, muffle furnaces are used simply for heat treatment of metal workpieces, and not for melting them. Heat treatment is mostly reserved for steel products. The following technological operations can be used as heat treatment:
- Annealing
- Hardening
- Normalization
- Vacation
Direct hardening of steel is carried out at a temperature of 1000-723 ˚C. But the hardening process is usually preceded by annealing and normalization , which are carried out at a temperature of 1000-1130 ˚C. Thanks to tempering , the steel gets rid of internal stresses; this type of heat treatment is carried out in the heating range of 800-500 ˚C.
It is worth noting separately that to harden steel blanks, the metal is heated in a protective environment. To reduce the cost of production, liquids can be used instead of inert gases. Steel is often hardened in oil and a solution of caustic soda (caustic soda).
What else do you need to know about the types of muffle furnaces?
Chamber furnaces for heat treatment of metals, ceramics, glass
Products / Furnaces for heat treatment of metal: furnaces for hardening, furnaces for melting, laboratory furnaces (thermal equipment) / Chamber furnaces for heat treatment of metals, ceramics, glassProduction and sale of Chamber furnaces (industrial furnaces) for various types of heat treatment. Phone in Moscow, phone in St. Petersburg, phone in Novosibirsk +7. For the production of standard stoves from the description on the website, see below, or we will make stoves according to your request, technical specifications.
The temperature range of our standard furnaces is 1200 (nichrosil nisil thermocouple) and 1300 degrees Celsius (tungsten rhenium thermocouple).
Production of furnaces with a working chamber volume from 10 liters (dimensions 295*230*150 mm) to 3900 liters (2000*1500*1300 mm).
High-temperature furnaces are chamber furnaces for heat treatment of metals and their alloys. The temperature in the working chamber reaches + 1700 C due to the use of powerful discylite-molybdenum heaters and special multi-layer thermal insulation of the working space. High-temperature thermal furnaces are used when the requirements for heat treatment of metal workpieces are due to high temperatures. So, for example, we offer for the manufacture of furnaces with temperatures in the working chamber up to + 1450C with silicon carbide heaters. At the customer's request, we can manufacture these furnaces after agreeing on their power and the degree of automation and control.
Heating occurs on three sides - from the sides and under, four or six sides - walls, ceiling, door. The heating elements of the hearth (fechral) are insulated with heat-reflecting silicon carbide plates or a high-alloy heat-resistant steel plate. The spirals have bases in the form of ceramic tubes with walls of 5 mm at a distance of every 40 mm. The temperature is distributed evenly throughout the chamber volume. System of protection against thermal radiation when lifting the door. Energy efficiency is achieved through perfect thermal insulation of the oven. Operating mode controller based on processor control. Reliable contactor sensors turn off the heating when the door is opened.
Additionally, chamber furnaces (industrial furnaces) can have an electromechanical or hydraulic door lifting mechanism, on a counterweight and levers, or vertically on a chain drive. Heating elements can be located on the back of the chamber wall and on the door. Additional mechanisms for feeding material into the furnace are possible. Collection and analysis of information using optional sensors and a computer. Boxes made of heat-resistant steel are supplied for work in a protective atmosphere, for soldering and other processes. The mechanized drive of the door and the rolling hearth is equipped with a frequency converter for a smooth start and end of movement.
The lining of the hearth is brick, reinforced with ShB brick, thermal joint to compensate for the expansion of the masonry. Wall lining - SB brick or ceramic fiber blocks (or both). Ceiling lining with ceramic fiber blocks.
Separately, it should be noted the use of chamber electric furnaces as: A furnace for firing ceramics, a furnace for firing clay, porcelain and glass are chamber (muffle) electric furnaces that are used for heat treatment of the above materials. Chamber-type furnaces for heat treatment of metals, firing of ceramics, clay, porcelain and glass (manufactured upon special request) operate at temperatures up to + 1700 C°, production of equipment according to special requirements. order.
Video: 500 liter oven with roll-out hearth
The PKE series of chamber furnaces are professional electric furnaces designed for heat treatment: metal hardening, metal tempering, jewelry making, ceramic and semi-porcelain firing, and these furnaces are also used for fusing glass and bending it. Thermodat thermostats with verification. Furnaces are tested for uniformity of the temperature layer.
The chamber electric furnace can be manufactured with vertical and horizontal loading of products; the furnaces are made of a welded reliable structure into which the main lining is mounted, additionally reinforced with heat-resistant fiber. It is this thermal insulation system that guarantees effective accumulation of the internal heat of the furnace. Reliable thermal sealing of the door reduces heat loss to virtually nothing. Particular attention should be paid to furnaces for firing ceramics and calcining flasks, firing deloli; this equipment can be equipped with a ventilation “window” for installing an exhaust system. Chamber electric furnaces operate as furnaces for firing ceramics; when using special furnace equipment, they can be used as furnaces for melting aluminum, lead, babit and other “low-temperature” metals and their alloys. Chamber furnaces are widely used in jewelry making.
Production of hardening and tempering furnaces in a line with a hardening bath, with an electric drive for moving the basket with workpieces and an elevator to the bath. Link to the page with hardening baths .
Working with aluminum: To work with aluminum, PKE series furnaces are equipped with protective shields (screens) made of stainless steel, which cover the spirals of the heating elements to protect aluminum workpieces from direct exposure to infrared radiation. When processing aluminum workpieces in furnaces, the temperature regime must be very precise, +-2 degrees C. For this, a ventilation system , including an impeller made of heat-resistant material up to 800 degrees C, for convection in the furnace chamber. The design of the ventilation system is removable to ensure operation of the furnace at higher temperatures, up to 1500 degrees C. The price of the ventilation system for a PKE furnace starts from 25,000 rubles .
Chamber electric furnaces PKE are reliable thermal equipment; a simple system for replacing heating elements is implemented. The furnaces have a programmed operating mode that maintains the parameters of the current program even after a power outage. Quick heating to the desired temperature, uniform heat distribution in the working chamber, the ability to program the oven to turn on at a given time with specified temperature parameters, economical energy consumption system. Additionally, all ovens are equipped with a stand, shelves and racks. We manufacture a roll-out unit under the furnace at the customer’s request or due to the need for mandatory use.
See shaft furnaces further on the website page
Electric chamber furnace for metals and alloys of the PKE series
Small volume heat treatment furnaces are designed for heating materials such as metals and their alloys, glass, ceramics, etc. Heating is carried out up to + 1200 C, 1300 (up to + 1700 degrees C - on request). The standard package includes a thermostat OWEN TRM 500 or OWEN TRM 251, depending on the volume and purpose of the oven, and a hearth stove.
For an additional fee, spare parts and components for furnaces:
A set of spirals (depending on the oven model) – from 5900 rubles.
It is possible to install Termodat thermostats - from 27,000 rubles. Software, graphical LCD interface, electronic recorder, USB, up to 40 programs of 20 steps, with the ability to combine programs into one more capacious one. For large furnaces, it is possible to install a thermostat with several operating channels, respectively, with several thermocouples.
Exhaust hole with a diameter of 30 mm with a plug – 3,000 . (maximum operating temperature of the exhaust impeller is up to + 800 C) Inspection hole (for inserting additional devices, pyrometers, visual control) with a diameter of 30 mm or 40 mm with a plug - from 2000 rubles. Preparation for installation of gas equipment (door opening) in the photo of the stove below - from 5,000 rubles.
Attention!
Please check prices. Phone in Moscow +7 499 550 32 77, in St. Petersburg phone in Novosibirsk Characteristics
| PKE-10.1 | PKE-14.1 | PKE-18.1 | PKE-25.1 | |
| price, rub. | 47 700 | 49 400 | 57 500 | 65 300 |
| Furnace volume, l | 10 | 14 | 18 | 25 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 295*230*150 | 295*230*215 | 345*230*230 | 345*230*315 |
| Furnace building, L*W*H mm | 560*520*755 | 560*520*820 | 620*520*840 | 620*520*940 |
| Power, V/kW | 220/2,5 | 220/2,8 | 220/3,0 | 220/3,5 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1100 | 1100 | 1100 | 1100 |
| Weight, kg | 65 | 70 | 85 | 95 |
| Characteristic | PKE-10 | PKE-14 | PKE-18 | PKE-25 |
| price, rub. | 49 500 | 52 300 | 59 400 | 68 900 |
| Furnace volume, l | 10 | 14 | 18 | 25 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 295*230*150 | 295*230*215 | 345*230*230 | 345*230*315 |
| Furnace dimensions, mm | 560*520*760 | 560*520*820 | 620*520*840 | 620*520*940 |
| Power, V/kW | 220/2,5 | 220/2,8 | 220/3,0 | 220/3,5 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1250 | 1250 | 1250 | 1250 |
| Weight, kg | 70 | 78 | 97 | 105 |
Video furnace for heat treatment of metals PKE 10.1 test run
Thermal furnaces for hardening, normalization and tempering of medium volume
The furnace frame is made of sheet steel using a metal profile by welding. Then the frame is painted with heat-resistant powder paint.
The thermal insulation of the working chamber of the electric furnace consists of several layers, the first layer is made of refractory special bricks and dense fibrous material. The second layer is a ceramic fiber lining made from aluminum oxide. This insulation method provides a high degree of thermal insulation, reduces heat losses and saves electrical energy when heating.
A 25 mm thick silicon carbide plate is placed on the bottom of the furnace; it protects the thermal insulation of the working chamber and heating coils from accidental impacts, ensuring a long service life.
The operation of the heating elements is controlled by a control unit, and with the help of microprocessor equipment, internal processes can be controlled by a PC using the RS protocol. The standard package includes an OWEN TRM 500 thermostat. Equipping the furnaces with a TRM 251 program thermostat (additional 8,500 rubles ) allows you to program the thermal process both in temperature and time, or “Thermodat” with an LCD screen, a USB port, and advanced programming capabilities ( additionally from 27,000 rubles).
The spirals are made of superfechstal wire with a heating temperature of up to 1400 C°. The heating elements are installed in fireproof ceramic tubes, with external access for replacement. Thermocouples made of various materials, depending on the temperature conditions (CA, NN, PP).
Important! Standard ovens with a working chamber temperature of + 1200C can raise the temperature to a maximum of + 1250C for a short time (about 20..25 minutes is acceptable, 2-3 times a day)
All ovens are equipped with protective functions, these are:
1. Triggered when the maximum permissible oven temperature is exceeded
2. triggered when the temperature sensor breaks
3. from breakdown of electric current on the furnace body
4. turning off heaters when opening the door
Attention! Please check prices. Phone in St. Petersburg +7, phone in Novosibirsk
| Characteristic | PKE-50.1 | PKE-75.1 | PKE-100.1 |
| price, rub. | 125 900 | 152 900 | 189 900 |
| Furnace volume, l | 50 | 75 | 100 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 525*325*305 | 640*325*365 | 640*390*390 |
| Furnace dimensions, mm | 1300*950*900 | 1050*950*1000 | 1050*830*1500 |
| Power, V/kW | 380/7,5 | 380/10,5 | 380/15 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1100 | 1100 | 1100 |
| Weight, kg | 370 | 430 | 480 |
| Characteristic | PKE-50 | PKE-75 | PKE-100 |
| price, rub. | 129 950 | 162 700 | 187 950 |
| Furnace volume, l | 50 | 75 | 100 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 525*325*305 | 640*325*365 | 640*390*390 |
| Furnace dimensions, mm | 1300*950*900 | 1050*950*1000 | 1050*830*1500 |
| Power, V/kW | 380/13,5 | 380/13,5 | 380/16,5 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1250 | 1250 | 1250 |
| Weight, kg | 380 | 435 | 485 |
Chamber electric furnaces with increased working volume PKE
Furnaces with an increased internal working volume are usually equipped with a rolling hearth, designated by two letters VP (the load capacity of the rolling hearth of the PKE-500 furnace is up to 700 kg)
At the customer's request, any furnace can be equipped with a rolling hearth, including one with an electromechanical drive
Attention! Please check prices. Phone in Moscow, St. Petersburg +7 812 679 81 88, phone in Novosibirsk
| Characteristic | PKE-135.1 | PKE-200.1 | PKE-370.1VP | PKE-500.1VP |
| price, rub. | 195 500 | 289 900 | 325 950 | 769 500 |
| Furnace volume, l | 135 | 200 | 370 | 500 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 755*455*390 | 755*455*560 | 1265*585*500 | 1035*650*780 |
| Furnace dimensions, m | 1,2*0,96*1,02 | 1,14*0,96*1,7 | 1,78*1,0*1,02 | 1,9*1,35*1,9 |
| Power, V/kW | 380/18 | 380/25 | 380/32 | 380/40 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1100 | 1100 | 1100 | 1100 |
| Weight, kg | 650 | 720 | 1290 | 1550 |
| Characteristic | PKE-135 | PKE-200 | PKE-370VP | PKE-500VPe* |
| price, rub. | 207 900 | 299 900 | 346 900 | 784 800 |
| Furnace volume, l | 135 | 200 | 370 | 500 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 755*455*390 | 755*455*560 | 1265*585*500 | 1035*650*780 |
| Furnace dimensions, m | 1,2*0,96*1,02 | 1,14*0,96*1,7 | 1,78*1,0*1,02 | 1,9*1,35*1,9 |
| Power, V/kW | 380/18 | 380/25 | 380/32 | 380/40 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1250 | 1250 | 1250 | 1250 |
| Weight, kg | 670 | 730 | 1299 | 1575 |
PKE-500VPe - electric door and bogie drive
| Characteristic | PKE-300.1 | PKE-300 | PKE-500.1 | PKE-500 |
| price, rub. | 276 400 | 298 500 | 353 800 | 362 900 |
| Furnace volume, l | 300 | 300 | 500 | 500 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 1035*585*500 | 1035*585*500 | 1035*650*780 | 1035*650*780 |
| Furnace dimensions, mm | — | — | — | — |
| Power, V/kW | 380/32 | 380/32 | 380/40 | 380/40 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1100 | 1250 | 1100 | 1250 |
| Weight, kg | 940 | 950 | 1280 | 1290 |
| Characteristic | PKE-640.1VP | PKE-1000.1VP* | PKE-1700.1VP* |
| price, rub. | clarify | clarify | on request |
| Furnace volume, l | 640 | 1000 | 1700 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, m | 1,15*0,78*0,715 | 1,38*0,85*0,85 | 1,84*0,975*0,94 |
| Furnace dimensions, m | 1,9*1,3*1,71 | 2,15*1,5*1,8 | 2,610*1,575*1,9 |
| Power, V/kW | 380/60 | 380/72 | 380/90 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1100 | 1100 | 1100 |
| Characteristic | PKE-640VP | PKE-1000VP | PKE-1700VP |
| price, rub. | clarify | clarify | on request |
| Furnace volume, l | 640 | 1000 | 1700 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, m | 1,15*0,78*0,715 | 1,38*0,85*0,85 | 1,84*0,975*0,94 |
| Furnace dimensions, m | 1,9*1,3*1,71 | 2,15*1,5*1,8 | 2,610*1,575*1,9 |
| Power, V/kW | 380/60 | 380/72 | 380/90 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1250 | 1250 | 1250 |
* it is possible to manufacture the hearth rollout and door lifting with an electric drive
The production of high-temperature furnaces with temperatures in the working chamber up to + 1500C is carried out on special order - the production time is from 45 working days. days.
Furnace with electric door lift and electric drive for bogie hearth
First start-up of the furnace
(The first start-up and run-through of the furnace should be carried out before the official ceremonial launch, as see point 10)
1.After transportation, the oven must be unloaded; if the transportation took place during the cold season, then allow the equipment to stand at room temperature for 1.5 hours. Install at the intended place of use.
2.If the furnace is equipped with a roll-out hearth, then attach the additional external rail and the handle for the roll-out hearth with fastening bolts.
3. The installation site of the stove and, accordingly, the outer rail must have a flat floor surface.
4.Ground the stove using the grounding bolt (on the back leg of the stove)
5.Connect the power cable according to the markings in the control box. Cross-section of the supply core – not less than – 16 mm2 (copper)
6.Turn on the “OFF-ON” switch. Set up the temperature set program. Set – 900 gr. The temperature rise time is 4 hours. Exposure time – 30 min. Start program execution (detailed instructions for installing and running the program on the TRM 251 device)
7.DURING THIS RUN OF THE FURNACE, IT IS NECESSARY TO GRIND THE FEED INTO THE FURNACE. FOR THIS, EVERY 70 GY. WHEN HEATING, OPEN THE OVEN AND ROLL OUT AND ROLL OUT THE FIRE CART. AND SO UNTIL THE LAST TEMPERATURE VALUE.
8. ATTENTION! At least 1.5 hours must pass between leaving the furnace outside and starting the furnace to allow the electronics to naturally warm up to shop temperature.
9. Operating temperature (ambient temperature) of the oven is not less than + 10 degrees. WITH
10. ATTENTION! The first run of the furnace is accompanied by the release of a certain amount of smoke from the furnace chamber. because The fibrous materials that are present in the furnace lining contain a binder, which burns out. This smoke occurs only once. During this run, it is recommended to turn on the supply and exhaust ventilation of the room. It is also recommended to perform the first run in the second half of the work shift, towards the end.
11.During the entire process, carefully monitor the condition of the oven and its operation.
12.After the first run, install silicon carbide plates under the furnace, and a heat-resistant steel sheet on them, if necessary.
Furnaces on special order
Furnace PKE 700/1200-L for heat treatment of metal sheets measuring 2100*1100*8 mm
The customer ordered a furnace for working with sheet metal.
Maximum temperature in the working chamber 1200 degrees C
Working chamber dimensions H*W*D 200*1400*2500 mm Power 50 kW/380V
Heaters on the sides, on the back wall and in the hearth of the oven
Software temperature regulator OWEN TRM 251 or Termodat 16E6 (optional)
Roll-out pod with manual drive
Lift door with manual drive
Price 570,000 rubles
Furnace PKE 370/1200-UO for hardening and annealing, with a removable heat-resistant impeller, reinforced housing
The customer was tasked with making a universal furnace for annealing, hardening, and normalizing metal workpieces, with reinforced chamber walls, with protection for heating elements, and with an impeller for high temperature accuracy.
Additional reinforced brick walls
Heaters in brick grooves
Heat-resistant impeller up to 800 degrees C for annealing
Temperature uniformity when the impeller is on + - 3 degrees C
Hole d 10 mm in the center in the side wall for water supply of a calibration thermocouple
Software temperature regulator OWEN TRM 251 or optionally Termodat 16E6 with electronic recorder
Power 32 kW/380V
Working chamber dimensions H*W*D 500*585*1265 mm
Price 580,000 rubles
Two furnaces and a hardening bath with automation
The customer was tasked with making a line for hardening and tempering metal parts. The line consists of two furnaces, a hardening bath, a basket moving system, and an elevator for two baskets to the bathroom.
Furnaces PKE 65/1200 (temperature 1200) and PKE 65/700-O (temperature 700, impeller)
Chamber dimensions D*W*H 525*325*390 mm
Temperature regulators Termodat 16E6
Power 15 kW/380 V
Prices are 165,000 and 209,000 rubles, respectively.
Hardening bath for aqueous solutions, size 650*450*550 mm, stainless steel, frame
Plate heat exchanger
heating element
Temperature regulator Termodat 16E6, heating and cooling control, electronic recorder
Electric paddle mixer
Price 275,000 rubles
Mechanism for moving baskets between ovens, elevator to the 2nd level bathroom, electric drive
Price 250,000 rubles
Two-level baskets, stainless steel rod 10 mm, wheels, heat-resistant, 2 pcs.
Price 75,000 rubles
Furnaces for tempering annealing and normalization of metal
A special place is occupied by chamber-type furnaces for tempering and annealing metal (steel) with a rolling hearth. Tempering furnaces are used for heat treatment of hardened metal and its alloys, the purpose of which is the decomposition of martensite and recrystallization. During the annealing process of the metal, the hardness decreases to facilitate subsequent mechanical processing and improve the microstructure, homogenization occurs, the degree of homogeneity of the metal increases and internal stresses are relieved. Forced circulation of the atmosphere is implemented in these models of electric furnaces to equalize the temperature throughout the entire volume of the working chamber, the uniformity is +-3 degrees C. Maximum temperature + 700C. Models are equipped with an electric drive for lifting the door and hearth. Standard equipment: mechanical drive (manual).
| Characteristic | PKE-50.O | PKE-75.O | PKE- 100.O | PKE- 135.O |
| price, rub. | clarify | clarify | clarify | clarify |
| Furnace volume, l | 50 | 75 | 18 | 135 |
| Camera, g*w*h | 525*325*305 | 640*325*365 | 640*390*390 | 755*455*390 |
| Oven length*w*h, mm | 900*750*860 | 1050*750*960 | 1050*830*950 | 1255*960*1400 |
| Power, V/kW | 13,5/380 | 13,5/380 | 15/380 | 18/380 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 |
| Weight, kg | — | — | — | — |
Kilns for firing ceramics
Furnaces for firing ceramic products, porcelain, clay, glass, at temperatures of 1200 and 1300 C°. Furnaces are widely used in laboratories, pottery and jewelry workshops, as well as in educational institutions and dental clinics. A cordierite plate (or silicon carbide), 15 and 30 mm thick, is laid on the bottom of the furnaces. Heating is carried out by spirals made of wire material SUPERFEHRAL. Control and programming of temperature and heating time is carried out by program thermostats OWEN, Termodat. Comparison of furnaces for ceramics with furnaces for heat treatment of metals: Furnaces for ceramics have lower power, five-sided heating (for more uniform and smooth heating of ceramics). Also in ceramic kilns, lighter, porous bricks are used for lining (to smoothly change the humidity in the working chamber when firing ceramics). Working with ceramics involves slow heating and slow cooling, often opening the kiln door a couple of times a day, after the kiln has cooled down to 100 degrees Celsius on its own. At the same time, in metal furnaces the work is constantly “in full swing” - the furnace opens and closes frequently, at temperatures close to maximum, parts can be removed for hardening, placed back into the heated furnace, and there can be 20 or more such cycles per shift. The denser and heavier lining bricks in metal furnaces can withstand this kind of work.
models with three-sided heating
| Characteristic | PKE-43K | PKE-55 K | PKE-62 K | PKE-80 K |
| price, rub. | 82 700 | 89 900 | 110 900 | 157 400 |
| Furnace volume, l | 43 | 55 | 62 | 80 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 345*345*365 | 410*345*390 | 525*325*365 | 410*390*500 |
| Furnace dimensions, mm | 755*755*885 | 820*750*910 | 920*780*920 | 820*750*1080 |
| Power, V/kW | 220/4,5 | 220/6 | 220/6 | 380/10,5 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1200 | 1200 | 1200 | 1200 |
| Weight, kg | — | — | — | — |
| Characteristic | PKE-43K1.3 | PKE-55K1.3 | PKE-62K1.3 | PKE-80K1.3 |
| price, rub. | 102 500 | 119 900 | 138 900 | 189 400 |
| Furnace volume, l | 43 | 55 | 62 | 80 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 345*345*365 | 410*345*390 | 525*325*365 | 410*390*500 |
| Furnace dimensions, mm | 755*755*885 | 820*750*910 | 920*780*920 | 820*750*1080 |
| Power, V/kW | 220/4,5 | 220/6 | 220/6 | 380/10,5 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1300 | 1300 | 1300 | 1300 |
| Weight, kg | — | — | — | — |
models with five-sided heating
| Characteristic | PKE-120.1K | PKE-140.1K | PKE-210.1K |
| price, rub. | clarify | clarify | clarify |
| Furnace volume, l | 120 | 140 | 210 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 525*460*500 | 525*460*585 | 640*460*715 |
| Furnace dimensions, mm | 1025*960*1480 | 1000*960*1580 | 1140*960*1715 |
| Power, V/kW | 380/9 | 380/12 | 380/18 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1100 | 1100 | 1100 |
| Weight, kg | — | — | — |
| Characteristic | PKE-120K | PKE-140K | PKE-210K |
| price, rub. | clarify | clarify | clarify |
| Furnace volume, l | 120 | 140 | 210 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 525*460*500 | 525*460*585 | 640*460*715 |
| Furnace dimensions, mm | 1025*960*1480 | 1000*960*1580 | 1140*960*1715 |
| Power, V/kW | 380/9 | 380/12 | 380/18 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1250 | 1250 | 1250 |
| Weight, kg | — | — | — |
| Characteristic | PKE-360 .1 K | PKE-540 .1 K | PKE-830 .1 K |
| price, rub. | clarify | clarify | clarify |
| Furnace volume, l | 360 | 540 | 830 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 755*585*825 | 870*650*950 | 985*780*1080 |
| Furnace dimensions, mm | 1175*1000*1350 | 1300*1070*1500 | 1480*1280*1700 |
| Power, V/kW | 380/21 | 380/32 | 380/57 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1100 | 1100 | 1100 |
| Weight, kg | — | — | — |
| Characteristic | PKE-360K | PKE-540K | PKE-830K |
| price, rub. | clarify | clarify | clarify |
| Furnace volume, l | 360 | 540 | 830 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 755*585*825 | 870*650*950 | 985*780*1080 |
| Furnace dimensions, mm | 1175*1000*1350 | 1300*1070*1500 | 1480*1280*1700 |
| Power, V/kW | 380/21 | 380/32 | 380/57 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1250 | 1250 | 1250 |
| Weight, kg | — | — | — |
| Characteristic | PKE-60.1KV | PKE-94.1KV | PKE-360.1KV |
| price, rub. | clarify | clarify | clarify |
| Furnace volume, l | 60 | 94 | 360 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 460*345*375 | 460*410*500 | 755*585*825 |
| Furnace dimensions, mm | 880*765*900 | 880*830*1020 | 1175*1000*1350 |
| Power, V/kW | 220/5 | 380/7,5 | 380/21 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1100 | 1100 | 1100 |
| Weight, kg | — | — | — |
| Characteristic | PKE-60KV | PKE-94KV | PKE-360KV |
| price, rub. | clarify | clarify | clarify |
| Furnace volume, l | 60 | 94 | 360 |
| Chamber, D*W*H, mm | 460*345*375 | 460*410*500 | 755*585*825 |
| Furnace dimensions, mm | 880*765*900 | 880*830*1020 | 1175*1000*1350 |
| Power, V/kW | 220/5 | 380/7,5 | 380/21 |
| Maksim. t, С° | 1250 | 1250 | 1250 |
| Weight, kg | — | — | — |
The price for muffle furnaces is indicated for standard standard sizes. We can manufacture a stove according to individual customer requirements. To do this, you need to draw up technical specifications for the manufacture: 1. Purpose of the furnace 2. Size of the working chamber 3. Operating temperature (intervals and control) 4. Additional requirements
Oven rice No. 1. Used for heat treatment of ceramic products and firing of decals. Heating from three sides (side walls and under) or five-sided (all walls, under, door), temperature from 1200 to 1300 degrees C.
Oven rice No. 1
Furnace for hardening metals at a temperature of 1100-1250 degrees C. Bottom and side heating. Time until complete heating is 1.5 hours.
This is a chamber electric furnace with five-sided heating
Furnaces with five-sided heating, volume 140, 210, 360, 540, 830 liters. Heating temperature 1100 and 1250 degrees C. Power from 12 to 57 kW. It is possible to manufacture according to the required characteristics.
Oven with chamber volume of 13, 16, 18 liters. Temperature range from 1100 to 1250 degrees C. Spirals are available for replacement as needed.
An oven with a chamber volume of 3.5 to 6.5 liters is used for laboratory research. Temperature up to 1250 degrees C. Hood.
Furnace - forge for heating metal blanks for forging
The manufacture of furnaces of this type is carried out based on the size of the workpiece subjected to thermal heating. The price of an electric furnace is calculated additionally and depends on the size of the part, heating temperature and temperature control system. Increased power for quick heating of the workpiece in conditions of frequent opening of the chamber door. Temperature up to 1300 degrees Celsius.
Top Loading Ovens
Chamber oven, top loading. Volume 65 liters. Power 6000 Watt. Temperature up to 1250 degrees C.
Oven with four-sided arrangement of heating elements. It is also possible to design it with five-sided heating (under). Hood. Door opening limit switch. Temperature up to 1100 degrees C. Power 10.5-15 kW / 380 V.
Shaft furnaces
Shaft furnaces with vertical loading, for tempering metals with a maximum heating temperature of 700 degrees. C or shaft furnace for hardening and other operations at a maximum heating temperature of 1250 degrees. C. The design of a shaft furnace for tempering metals has a hole in the lid for a fan, which evenly distributes hot air throughout the chamber. The mechanism for lifting the cover of the shaft furnace is mechanized, using a hydraulic cylinder or electric drive. Rotate the lid to the side manually or electrically. Phone in St. Petersburg, phone in Novosibirsk +7 383 219 50 87
Thermocouple installed in each type of PKE furnace:
Chromel Alumel thermocouples are installed in the 1100 degree Celsius oven
Nichrosil Nisil thermocouples are installed in the furnace at 1250 degrees Celsius
Platinum Platinum rhodium thermocouples are installed in the furnace at 1300 degrees Celsius
Temperature regulators - sensors for monitoring and controlling the temperature in the working chamber of the furnace:
TRM 500 - standard thermostat . Allows you to perform the simplest tasks - reach the target temperature according to a direct schedule and maintain it indefinitely, until the set temperature changes or the oven turns off. It has two temperature settings and all the necessary indications to monitor the status of the device.
TRM 251 is a software thermostat. This device allows for heat treatment according to a temperature-time schedule with a minimum step of 1 g. and 1 minute of time. TRM 251 has 3 independent programs of 5 steps each. It also has an indication of the device status - Operation, Emergency, etc.
Thermodat 16E6 is a single-channel temperature controller and an electronic recorder with a 3.5″ graphic display in one housing, operating according to a program. The device is equipped with a USB connector for connecting to a PC and recording archive data on a Flash drive. The device is equipped with a universal input intended for connecting thermocouples or thermal resistances, including sensors with current output. The resolution of 1°C or 0.1°C is user-defined. Can control both heater and cooler. Intuitive interface, control using 4 buttons at the bottom of the panel.
Working window for programming the TRM 251 thermostat:
An example of controlling Termodat devices using software
Video setting up a stove with thermostat Termodat 16E6
Methodical furnaces
The workpieces in a methodical heating furnace are constantly moving relative to the heating element. Preventing mechanical stress in the metal and ensuring uniform heating is possible due to the workpiece passing through three zones:
- Methodical zone in which the ingots are preheated.
- The welding zone in which the ingots are heated to the required temperature.
- The languid zone. Thermal energy is evenly distributed over the workpiece before processing begins.
The features of the listed zones depend on the size of the workpieces. If the cross-section of the ingots is too large, then the welding zone includes several sections, each of which has a separate heat source for complete and uniform heating of the workpiece. Thermal energy in small ingots is distributed almost instantly, so they do not need to go through the simmering zone. The power source of such furnaces is liquid fuel or gas. In the walls of the welding zone there are nozzles, with the help of which heating is carried out.
Mechanized and semi-mechanized ovens
A type of furnace, loading and unloading of workpieces into which is carried out using additional mechanisms.
Mechanized chamber furnaces can be installed in a production line along with other equipment due to the rhythmic delivery of workpieces. The simplest in terms of operation and design are pusher furnaces.
Spectacle furnaces
Rotary spectacle furnaces are used when it is necessary to heat round workpieces followed by upsetting bolts and tightening the ends. The design of such furnaces is represented by a cylindrical fireclay muffle with holes. The rotation of the muffle is carried out together with the hearth on a hinged ring support. There is a gas burner in the central part of the hearth. Flue gases pass through the muffle holes, heating the installed workpieces and exiting into the pipeline through an exhaust probe.
Depending on the design, spectacle furnaces are divided into rotary, round, rectangular and fixed. Easier to manufacture and larger in size are rectangular fixed ovens, which also have only one window.
The metal is heated in such furnaces with an open flame, as a result of which scale forms on its surface. In continuous and batch furnaces, non-oxidizing heating of workpieces is carried out, which avoids the appearance of scale.
Industrial ovens
In ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, industrial-type heating furnaces are used to heat workpieces before forging, pressing or rolling. Furnaces differ in design, method of loading ingots and temperature conditions. Fuel oil, electricity or natural gas can be used as an energy source. Heating furnaces are divided into continuous and periodic according to the method of loading workpieces.
A specific number of ingots are loaded into a batch furnace, which remain motionless during heating. After reaching the required temperature, the ingots are removed from the furnace and sent for further processing, replaced by a new batch. This type includes chamber heating furnaces.
In continuous cycle furnaces, immersed workpieces are constantly moving relative to the heat source, which ensures maximum productivity with small furnace dimensions. This type includes conveyor, methodical and rotary ovens.
