To build a fence, a strong fence or any structure that requires piles, most often you need to dig holes. To make this task easier, it is recommended to use a drill for pillars or piles. With its help, you can quickly make a hole of the desired diameter and depth. Let's look at what types of drills there are, as well as how they are made. For different conditions, there is a difference in the depth of the well and the mechanism that is capable of making it.
Hand drills Source gilin.info
Why you might need a drill
Home sites often require the installation of fences, utility poles, or wells to provide water. To do this you need to use a drill. It is needed to quickly and conveniently make a hole in the ground without digging huge holes.
Using this tool, you can install posts under fences or fences, piles and supports for the foundation, and also place a pipe next to the tree, with which you can water the root system of the plant without flooding the soil from above. A post or hole drill can be useful for any deep holes that do not require a large excavation radius.
Well under a pillar Source rent-tool.ru
Classification of impact cutting attachments for rotary hammers
The impact-cutting consumable element of a hammer drill can be classified depending on its design, which determines the scope of use of the element.
An auger drill is a self-sharpening element, which is used primarily when drilling holes of considerable depth. It is characterized by high strength, endurance, efficiency, the ability to remove crumbs formed in the hole, and durability under harsh operating conditions.
Impact cutting attachments for rotary hammers are classified by design.
A drill in the form of a regular auger drill is used to create holes in a cylindrical configuration. A pike is used for concrete work. Thanks to its special configuration, it is able to create wide openings. Acts like an electric hammer.
A chisel is used to dismantle materials. A special type of impact-cutting element in the form of a crown is designed for installing electrical sockets. With the help of such a drill, a deep hole of the correct rounded configuration is created. It can be safely used when making grooves for laying pipes for water supply.
A wood drill is several times more efficient than a similar type of drill. This helps to reduce working effort, quickly separate chips, and preserve the wood structure under the influence of such a cutter. An earth drill is used to create round holes in the ground, which is achieved thanks to the special structure of the cutting rod. A concrete drill makes holes in concrete, brick and stone surfaces.
Hole sizes for different conditions
For different types of soil and operating conditions, there are certain standards for excavating holes:
- If there is a possibility of too low temperatures, which will last for several weeks, this means that the ground will freeze to a greater depth. For such conditions, it is recommended to make a recess of at least 1.5 m.
- If the structure consists of solid parts and has a high windage, then the hole should be made to the maximum depth that the drill allows. For mesh or lattice structures, you can dig a well 20-30 cm less than the maximum drill depth.
- If in the place where you plan to make a deepening the soil is too soft or the groundwater is too high, then you should dig a hole to the maximum accessible depth. For clay soil, you can make smaller holes.
You should carefully drill under fence posts or other structures, since if you dig a hole that is not large enough, the entire structure may tilt or collapse within a year.
Depth of the post hole Source toolbuild.ru
What types of wells are there?
Before considering the issue of equipment intended for drilling wells, it is advisable to become familiar with the technologies for extracting water from a summer cottage. To do this, you can use one of the main types of wells:
- Construction of a well with quick filling from a good spring. It can be an excellent storage tank for water, containing approximately two cubic meters of liquid.
- A sand well, which is a pipe with a diameter of one hundred millimeters, which is immersed to a depth of up to 30 meters using an auger. At its recessed end of the pipe, a stainless mesh is attached, which acts as a filter when immersed in sand with a coarse fraction. The depth of such a device is from 10 to 50 meters, the operating period is at least five years.
- An artesian filterless well is used to extract water located between layers consisting of porous limestone. The depth of such wells is from 20 to 100 meters, they can be operated for up to 50 years.
A water well is a kind of narrow well, as can be seen in the photo.
Water well design
The duration of well operation depends on the frequency of its use. With increasing intensity, its service life increases. You can determine the depth of drilling a well by first focusing on similar devices in neighboring areas, and purchase the number of casing pipes with some reserve for adjusting the depth of groundwater.
Types of drills
There are several types of drills that can be used to dig holes for posts or wells. To perform deep work, mounted models are most often used. The peculiarity of such drills is that they can be installed on motorized equipment (tractors, walk-behind tractors). This will greatly facilitate the excavation task, since you will not have to exert much physical effort.
The disadvantage of this model is the need for a motor or appropriate equipment.
Motorized device Source alicdn.com
Manual
A hand drill for wells is the simplest device for digging holes, which uses human physical strength to operate. Most often it is presented in the form of a handle with a long pipe or fittings welded to it, at the end of which there is a working part.
The advantage of a hand drill is its relatively light weight and reliability, since there are no complex elements in its design. If it is broken, it can be repaired using welding and simple tools.
The disadvantage of such a drill is that it requires a lot of physical effort to use it. Also, if there is no provision for changing the working part, then it will be impossible to adjust the depth and diameter of the hole. The actuator that performs drilling may differ in design and operating principle.
Collapsible drill Source stroyzakaz.net
Spiral
The working part of such a drill is made in the form of a spiral, at the end of which there is a cutting surface. The principle of operation of such a mechanism is a rotational movement, as the blade cuts into the soil. After several revolutions, you need to remove the drill from the hole and shake out the earth from the spiral.
During the excavation process, you can increase the length of the rod if there are appropriate fastenings. For certain manipulations, a spiral drill can be connected to a motor, which will speed up and simplify the work. This mechanism does not work well in the presence of hard soil or stones in it. Best suited for drilling holes in dense loose soil with clay admixtures.
Spiral mechanisms Source static.imfast.com
Spoon
A homemade spoon drill is made from a steel pipe or other part in the form of a cylinder. To create it, you can use a sheet of iron that needs to be bent to the desired shape. This tool is used for non-flowing soil with high humidity, such as clay.
The lower part of the structure consists of a cutting edge of a longitudinal or spiral shape. When the mechanism turns, the spoon takes the soil inside and fills the hollow part of the drill. This type of tool excavates faster than a spiral one, but also requires more physical effort to operate.
Spoon nozzle Source geotest.ru
Shock
An impact drill for wells is a mechanism that is used for any type of soil. Its working part is located in the ground during the excavation process, and its weight can range from 500 to 2500 kg. For drilling, a special block is used, which hits the working part, thereby driving it deeper. There are also different types of attachments for the working part, which are suitable for different types of soil:
- wedge-shaped for soft ground;
- I-beam for viscous soil;
- cross for hard or rocky surfaces.
After breaking through the ground 0.5 m, you need to pull out the working part and clean it from the ground. The advantage of this method is its high speed, but the disadvantage is that it requires a lot of physical strength or special equipment.
A variation of such a drill is the impact-rope mechanism, which uses a similar operating principle, but with a slight difference. With this excavation method, the entire structure consists of a tripod, a rope and a working part in the form of a pipe (bailer). During the drilling process, it is raised to the maximum height and dropped into a place that needs to be marked with a shovel before starting work. After breaking through the ground 0.5 m, it is necessary to clear the bailer from the ground.
Impact drill Source sovet-ingenera.com
See also: Catalog of companies that specialize in foundation work and house insulation.
Petrol
Drilling holes for poles can be done using a mechanism with a gasoline engine. Most often, its working part is made in the form of a spiral, and the whole process is more like drilling.
This type of drill is used for digging holes in places where there is no possibility of connecting to an electrical network. The design includes a drive from a two- or four-stroke engine, a control unit for the entire mechanism and a gearbox, with which you can change the speed of rotation of the auger.
The advantages of this system include speed and autonomy, while the disadvantages are its weight and bulkiness. This mechanism also requires fuel and increased safety requirements. During operation, a gasoline drill makes a lot of noise and for long-term use it is recommended to use headphones. For optimal load distribution when using this mechanism, 2 people are required.
Gasoline drill Source obiavo.by
Electric
An electric pole drill differs from a gasoline drill in that it uses current rather than fuel. Such a mechanism can be made as a special tool, or a construction mixer can be used to dig holes. The advantage of this design is that it is lighter and less noisy than its gasoline counterpart, and it does not require fuel.
The disadvantages of such a drill include its strict dependence on the location of the electrical network and increased cost in comparison with a gasoline drill of similar power. Also, when working for a long time, it is necessary to let the tool cool down so that it does not break.
Electric mechanism Source www.seabreeze.com.au
Hydraulic
Drilling for long poles should be done using a hydraulic drill. Most often, this is a mounted mechanism that is connected to excavators, mini-loaders or other special equipment. This tool is used to work with hard soils and rocky surfaces. With its help you can make recesses for piles and power line poles. It is also used for drilling water wells.
Compared to other types of automatic drills, it is the most powerful and expensive. The hydraulic mechanism does not require cooling breaks, and is also equipped with a reverse rotation function, which makes drilling easier in soils that contain a lot of hard rock.
The disadvantage of this equipment is that you need to carefully monitor the cleanliness of the drive, since dirt getting into it will lead to rapid breakage of the drill.
Best models
Drill "Bison". The tool is made of steel.
- Ideal for gardening and light-duty fence construction.
- The device is quite easy to use, even on clay and rocky soils.
- The only drawback is the high cost.
Drill "Ros 77241"
This device is a budget option. Suitable for work in the country house and garden. The device does not require much effort, which does not give it an advantage in construction activities. Made from steel alloy.
The model is made with high quality, so it does not bend or creak during operation. The advantage of the device is that you can change the attachments. Disadvantage: maintenance is required to prevent metal corrosion.
Drill "Tornado Pro"
This tool is useful not only for country work, but also for small construction. Makes a hole up to 140 cm deep. Also made of steel. It does not require much physical strength, but has a robust design.
After finishing work, it is recommended to rinse and dry the device, which will increase its service life.
Making a drill
A homemade drill for poles can be made with welding and some tools, for example, a grinder, a vice or a drill. During manufacturing, you should immediately understand what type of connection the working part and extension mechanism will have: one-piece or collapsible. In the first case, the cutting edge will be fixed without the possibility of replacement. Most often, it is simply welded to a long pipe with a manual transverse. The collapsible mechanism is convenient because it can be extended due to removable sections. Connections for such drills can be made of 3 types:
- Threaded. For this purpose, a spiral notch is cut on each individual part of the structure. To secure the 2 parts together, a coupling and a cotter pin are put on the thread, which prevents the connection from turning on its own.
Removable nozzle Source www.kuvalda.ru
A nut and bolt that are welded to the ends of the mechanism. This is the most unreliable method, since if the pipe to which the nut is attached is too thin, it may burst at the junction.
Coupling. In this method, the coupling is welded to a pipe with a similar diameter, and the section that will be screwed in must have a thread.
At the time of work, as the depth increases, the working part is removed, and in its place an additional section with fastening for the cutting part is installed. In this way, you can adjust the size and diameter of the hole, since the working part is easily replaced with a larger or smaller one.
Extending design Source www.kultivator-nado.ru
Spiral
In order to make a hole in the ground for a post or well, you can use a spiral mechanism. It can be made from a pipe of the required length and thick walls, a handle made of reinforcement or metal, and a cutting edge. A drill made from a circular saw blade or a hardened steel sheet, which is sharpened along the edges, is made in several stages:
- You need to take a pipe, the length of which depends on the fastening: for a removable mechanism, about 30 cm in length is required, and for a solid drill, a pipe of any required length is taken, after which in both cases you should sharpen its end.
- Make a screw mechanism from 2 semicircular halves, which should be strong and sharp. To do this, you can saw a grinder disc, which is used for cutting boards.
- Next, you need to attach the cutting edge to the pipe and weld it using welding. The blade angle should be around 30° and should be 125mm away from the sharp edge of the pipe.
For a removable part, a connecting structure is made of a thread, bolt, or coupling at the non-sharp end of the pipe, and for a solid part, a handle is welded.
Features of drilling with homemade devices
The main purpose of the equipment is to create holes of sufficient depth in the soil to raise water to ensure water supply to the facility. The diameter of the hydraulic structure is minimal - it must correspond to the size of the pump (when installing submersible equipment) and communications, which are laid at some level below the surface of the earth. To construct a well, a device is used consisting of the following elements:
- supporting pipe on which the tip is attached;
- a cutter to facilitate the penetration of the tool into the soil layer;
- nozzles;
- an auger that ensures gradual deepening of the drill;
- lever.
The most difficult stage is the drilling of the upper layers of the soil, since it is often rocky. Home-made equipment can be used for deepening to a level of no more than 25 m, where the first aquifers lie.
The mechanism of operation of the drill is based on the introduction of an auger with a tip into the soil layer. As it advances, the earth is excavated, which is realized thanks to the screw part of the tool. When the drill reaches a significant depth, it is necessary to increase its length. To do this, remove the handle and then install the extension pipe.
Briefly about the main thing
An auger should be used if you need to make a deep hole in the soil, but not to open a large hole.
If the amount of work is limited to a few holes or you need to drill a deep well, you should rent a drill or call specialists.
The most effective and expensive drill is a hydraulic one, and the cheapest and most reliable is a manual spiral mechanism.
To make a drill, you should use thick hardened steel, as it is more durable and will not break if it hits rocks during drilling.
Barrack or special room
In correctional colonies of general and strict regimes, cell-type premises or PKT are provided. Such cells are located directly on the territory of the colony. Previously, PKT was called BUR, which stood for “high security barracks.” In some penal colonies this name has been retained as an unofficial name to this day.
Another type of special premises is EPKT or a single chamber-type room. This is an independent penitentiary facility, where prisoners are sent in stages.
Malicious violators of prison order are housed in EPKT and PKT, several people per room. Article 118 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation states that the inhabitants of such cells claim only two programs per year. The same number of parcels is allowed.
While in the PKT, a prisoner can spend no more than 5,000 rubles from his account. The duration of the walk is standard and is one and a half hours a day. Provided the prisoner behaves well, the director of the correctional institution may increase this time to three hours.
In the FCT, prisoners are kept in ascetic conditions. They sleep on folding bunks, which are forbidden to be used after getting up - guards make sure that prisoners do not even sit on the bed while awake. The room has a table and benches that are firmly attached to the floor.
Behind a meter-long partition there is a bathroom. There is a fine-mesh steel grille on the window; lamps and radiators are located in niches fenced off with mesh. The walls are covered with light plaster. The floor is wooden or concrete.
Disciplinary detention center for minors
One of the types of punishment cells is DIZO - disciplinary isolation ward. Such premises are provided in colonies for minors. In accordance with the provisions of Article 137 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, the conditions of a pre-trial detention center are as close as possible to a standard punishment cell, but at the same time they are somewhat relaxed.
Having received permission from the head of the correctional facility, a juvenile offender can apply for short-term visits. At the same time, long meetings with relatives, telephone conversations, parcels and parcels are prohibited.
Prisoners in the pre-trial detention center are allowed to walk for 2 hours every day. Also in the detention center it is allowed to have school supplies necessary for the prisoner to continue his education. We are talking about notebooks, pens, textbooks. However, playing board games and smoking are prohibited.
Compared to a punishment cell, the maximum period of stay for a prisoner in a pre-trial detention center has also been reduced. Instead of the standard 15 days, a juvenile offender can receive only 10 days of such punishment. And in this case, existing prohibitions are respected. However, the prison authorities can return the rowdy to a regular cell only for a day or two, after which they will again assign him to the pre-trial detention center.
Unlike from a punishment cell, early release is allowed from a disciplinary isolator. To do this, a corresponding resolution is required from the head of the educational colony or his deputy.
