Installation of dowel-nails: use in construction

Today there is no need to use nails to hang a picture, shelf, cabinet or other piece of furniture and decor. Firstly, it is inconvenient, and secondly, it is unreliable. Any fastener must be reliable; it is better to choose dowels that are installed in a pre-drilled hole. The reliability of such fastening directly depends on the correctly selected drill; the smaller the difference in the diameter of the hole and the rod, the stronger it will be installed. We’ll figure out how to choose a drill for a dowel further.

Basic selection principles

The correct choice of drill for the dowel should be based on the following:

1. When calculating which hole to drill for the dowel, it is worth considering the type of wall into which the rod is installed and what it is covered with.
2. Weight of attached furniture and maximum possible loads.

Considering the above parameters, you can choose the appropriate tool correctly. To make it easier, you need to take into account the factory size of the drill and fasteners, as well as the tensile strength of the dowel. There are markings on the tool, based on which it is easy to select the desired model.

If the wall material is very strong, for example concrete, you should choose two types of drills and different operating modes of the drill. To begin with, you should take a drill several sizes smaller than the dowels, switch the drill to impact mode and make the necessary hole. Then, using a gimlet of identical size with fasteners, in normal mode, bring the hole to the required parameters.

With the help of such manipulations, you can carry out work faster, do not overload the drill, get an ideally shaped hole and maintain the integrity of the wall and its coating. The rod in the hole should not rotate and move freely in it. Instead of a drill, it is better to choose a hammer drill, as it is more powerful and productive.

If the wall material is loose, it is better that the drill size is several sizes smaller than the rod (for example, for an 8 dowel, a drill size 6 or 7). This will allow the fasteners to be installed tightly, even in the event of excessive destruction of the wall structure.

When choosing the type of drill, you should pay attention to pobedit ones, given their high strength and durability.

The length of the hole should be several millimeters longer than the length of the dowel. This is necessary to ensure that it fits tightly into the niche over its entire length, since dust can accumulate in the hole.

Securing light objects

Fastening shelves, pictures and other light objects does not require special preparation or the presence of a powerful tool. All you need is a power tool, a simple dowel and a suitable drill bit for the dowel. This type of fastener is excellent for concrete and brick walls. It can also be mounted in the ceiling, for which you need to make a hole for dowel 6. Size 4 fasteners are suitable for walls. For walls of this type, a pobedit tip is best suited. In most cases, two mounting points will be sufficient.

Fastening medium-weight products

If the weight of the mounted decorative element exceeds 5 kg, more reliable fasteners are needed. A dowel with a diameter of 8 mm is suitable and, accordingly, the drill diameter is also 8 mm. A hole length of 6 cm is quite enough when working with ordinary walls; when working with loose material or a ceiling, the depth is increased to 8.

If the weight of an object approaches 10 kg, for reliability it is worth installing 4 fasteners, since 2 may not hold it. It is better to use a hammer drill as a tool.

All about dowel-nails: size table and fastener weight

Table of contents:
Let's imagine a typical task: you need to fix a heavy shelf for books on the concrete wall of a room. Self-tapping screws cannot be used. It will fall out. In Soviet times, a wooden dowel or, in other words, a chopik was inserted into a drilled hole for sealing. Nowadays a dowel-nail is used as a fastener: dimensions start from 5x30 mm. Here 5 is the diameter of the hole in the sleeve, and 30 is the length of the nail itself.

Securing heavy objects

Heavy furniture or household appliances that are mounted on the wall carry significant physical stress. Even if the fastener looks reliable at first, it can fail over time. Installation of heavy objects should only be carried out on walls made of durable materials, concrete or brick. Loose material can collapse under the influence of heavy weight. The normal diameter of the fastener is 10 mm, and the depth of the hole is more than 6 cm; you need to rely on these indicators to determine the diameter of the drill. For reliability, the recommended number of mounting points is at least 6. When choosing which drill to drill with, you can safely choose victorious ones.

To ensure that the attached structure can withstand about 100 kg, it is better to use anchor bolts.

They are more reliable, even given their smaller size. You should make a hole up to 6 cm deep and install the selected bolt.

There are 3 types:

1. A bolt with an outer nut that is tightened with a regular wrench.
2. Self-locking nut that can be tightened with a screwdriver.
3. Double-expansion anchors, which are used for fastening the most massive furniture.

Attaching to an unstable surface

Modern houses have many surfaces made of not very durable materials. These include drywall, old brick, wooden boards or slabs of pressed sawdust. When working with them, it is better to use nylon fasteners with a diameter of more than 10 mm; the installation depth should not be less than 6 cm. It is better to choose a gimlet that is several sizes smaller.

The drilling process should be shock-free, as excessive load can damage the surface. Using the impact mode may not leave visible damage, but the internal structure of the wall may be damaged. If the diameter of the drill is too large, the fasteners will move freely in the hole, gradually increasing its diameter, especially if the work was carried out with aerated concrete.

For plasterboard walls, it is not necessary to use a drill of a smaller diameter, the main thing is not to put pressure on the drill and not to use the impact mode. Drywall is a very delicate material, even a small load can lead to the destruction of a section of the wall. Drill the hole with light force so that it matches the size of the plastic dowel with self-tapping screw.

It is worth understanding that there is no need to attach heavy structures to such surfaces, even if the material initially copes with the load, over time, collapse may occur under heavy weight.

If you take into account the material from which the wall is made, choose the right dowel and drill for it, and also have a high-quality tool on hand, you can make a high-quality installation and not worry about the safety of your furniture or household appliances. By following the recommendations, even an inexperienced craftsman can handle such installation.

How to choose the right drill for a dowel for fastening various objects

Knowledge of how to select a drill for a dowel is relevant in situations where it is necessary to drill a hole to fix this fastener in it. Dowels are used in cases where it is necessary to fasten various objects to the wall surface - furniture elements, photographs, paintings, etc. The reliability of the fastening will largely depend on how correctly the drill is selected to create the hole in which the dowel will be placed.

First, we select a dowel depending on the wall material and the weight of the object, and then we select a drill based on the wall material and the size of the dowel

Mounting to various surfaces

Dowels are used to install cornices and ebbs. For work, take products with locking collars that prevent complete passage through the surface. Nail dowels are used when repairing baseboards and for fastening window frames before using polyurethane foam. When fixing the frame, it is necessary to take into account the ratio of the non-spacer and spacer parts. For drywall, it is better to use plastic or metal screws. In addition, such screws are excellent for quick installation. There is no need to pre-drill the wall. At the end of the products there is a drill and thread. To install the self-tapping screw, use a screwdriver that screws the dowel into the surface.

A “butterfly” or “molly” dowel is used for fastening into a plasterboard surface, since the self-tapping screw expands only in a complete void. Plastic and metal dowels are suitable for fastening into foam concrete. To fix large items with a large weight, dowels made of polyamide are chosen. They have a through hole and a top without spacers. Screwing in the screw is easy and quick. The thrust force increases. Due to this, the structure is able to withstand a lot of weight.

To install TVs and air conditioners, it is recommended to use standard dowels that come with the fasteners. The products are already designed for the weight of the device. The only nuance is the base of the material. If the equipment is mounted on a brick or concrete wall, then there will be no problems with fixation. To install chandeliers and sconces, it is better to use long screws with reinforced spacers. Corrugated dowels are able to withstand the weight of massive chandeliers when installed under suspended ceilings.

For heavier structures, dowel anchors are used. They are equipped with several parts - a threaded bushing and a spacer. The spacer is screwed into the bushing. The thrust force increases, resulting in a reliable and rigid fastening.

For repair and installation of pipes, it is better to use a dowel clamp, which has a special screw for fixation. It is also used for fastening wires.

During repair and installation work you cannot do without dowels. The choice of screws depends on the material of the product and the surface on which the structure will be attached. Each type of self-tapping screws has its own characteristics, weight and size. This article introduces the reader to the characteristics of screws and will help determine the choice of dowels for a particular material.

In the next video you will find types of dowels and their application.

What to consider when choosing a drill for a dowel

Selecting a drill to create a hole in which the dowel will be fixed should take into account:

• the material from which the wall itself is made, as well as its finishing;
• expected loads of the fastener.

You should also choose a drill depending on the diameter of the fasteners used. On the outer surface of factory-produced dowels, as a rule, there are markings that allow you to correctly select drills of the appropriate diameter for them.

Table 1. Selection of drill and screw for dowel

It is important to know not only how to choose a drill for a dowel, but also how to drill a hole correctly. If it is necessary to drill a hole in the wall for a dowel, the diameter of which is 10 mm, then first use a drill with a diameter of 8 mm and an impact drilling mode. After the hole is drilled, the tool is replaced with a drill with a diameter of 10 mm and is used without using the impact drilling mode. This approach will allow you to get a hole in the wall of the required diameter with smooth and neat edges.

If you need to drill a concrete wall, it is better to use a Pobedit drill, which can handle such a durable material without any problems. The selected cutting tool must be at least 3 mm longer than the dowel itself. If you neglect this requirement, the dowel will not completely fit into the resulting hole, in the final part of which dust and pieces of crumbled material, as a rule, accumulate. In addition, the shape of the bottom of the hole may not match the shape of the tip of the fastener.

Calculate the drilling depth with a margin relative to the dowel length

Where is the 6x40 dowel nail used?

The fastening parts in question are used everywhere and are considered universal nails. Their range of applications is quite wide; they can be used to attach various types of structural elements to materials such as stone, various types of brick, reinforced concrete, etc.

Experts do not recommend using dowel-nails for hollow-type materials and porous surfaces. A 6x40 dowel-nail, the technical characteristics of which will be discussed below, is driven in with a hammer, but before that, do not forget about the preliminary preparation of a special hole where the fastener in question will be inserted.

The high demand for the element in question is due to three criteria and, at the same time, the advantages of such a nail, namely: extremely simple design, low cost and practicality. Dowel-nails 6x40 are popular during the installation of support-type structures, because in this process you simply cannot do without them.

How to fasten light weight objects

In order to fasten objects that are light in weight, use a quick mounting dowel. It is usually used for fastening lightweight objects to building structures made of brick and reinforced concrete.

As a rule, to solve this problem, a dowel is selected, the diameter of which, like the transverse size of the drill, is 6 mm. In this case, the length of the fastening element depends on the thickness of the wall of the object being fixed with it. If you need to select a dowel for mounting on the wall, then its length should be at least 4 cm, but if the mounting is on the ceiling, you need fasteners at least 6 cm long.

How long is the anchor needed?

The diameter of the anchor bolt ranges from M6 to M30. The length can be from 40 (mm) to 400 (mm).

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Securing medium weight items

Fixing objects of average weight is performed using impact-type dowels. In this case, the transverse dimensions of the dowels, as well as the corresponding drills, must be at least 8 mm. The dowel chosen for these purposes must go into the wall to a depth of at least 6 cm, and when attached to the ceiling surface - to a depth of 8 cm. To securely fasten an object of average weight (up to 10 kg) to the wall or ceiling, you must use 4 dowels at the same time.

It is convenient to hang medium-weight objects on quick-installation dowels if the design allows the use of through fastening

Installation of dowel-nails in drywall or various types of tiles

When attaching to a plasterboard base, it is worth measuring the weight of the load. If it is too large, then the use of fasteners of this type is completely excluded, since dowel-nails can destroy the base under the weight of the fixed structure. Otherwise, installation is quite simple.

1. Having decided on the cross-section, a hole is made in the base.
2. The dowel is inserted into the drywall until it stops; this procedure is performed by lightly tapping it with a hammer.
3. After this, the screw is screwed in using a screwdriver or screwdriver.

In order to install fasteners into a tiled base, careful work is required

1. Having chosen a place for the dowel entry, which can be located both on the surface and on the seam, a point is marked with a marker.
2. Using a metal screw, a hole of up to 0.5 mm is made. After this, the tool is changed to an impact drill and the tiles are drilled with its help.

Installation of objects with significant weight

To fasten heavy objects (furniture cabinets, shelves, TV stands, etc.), you must choose a dowel, also of the impact type. In this case, the diameter of such a dowel, as well as the transverse size of the drill, must be at least 10 mm. Such dowels are buried 6 cm into the walls, and 8 cm into the ceiling. For reliable fastening of heavy objects, as a rule, at least 6 dowels are used.

To fasten the horizontal bar and ladder, anchor bolts are used, the diameter of which must be at least 8 mm. Such bolts are buried 6 cm into the surface of the walls, and 8 cm into the ceiling.

The procedure for installing an anchor in a concrete wall

Types of anchor bolts

Anchor bolts used to secure various objects are divided into three main types:

1. anchor bolts with a nut, which, after installing the fastener, is tightened with a spanner or open-end wrench (with the help of such bolts, hidden fasteners are performed);
2. anchor bolts with a self-locking nut, which is tightened using a Phillips-type screwdriver (such bolts can be used for fastening in places that are visible);
3. double-expansion anchor bolts are the most reliable fasteners that are used to fix even very heavy objects.

Main types of anchors

How to fasten on unreliable surfaces

Very often there is a need to fasten objects on unreliable surfaces, which include plasterboard walls, building structures in old brick houses, etc. When fastening on such surfaces, the following recommendations should be followed.

• It is better to choose dowel elements from nylon, and their diameter should be 10–12 mm. The diameter of the Pobedit drill, with which the hole for the fastener will be made, should be 2 mm less than the transverse size of the selected dowel.
• Drilling must be done in one step, without changing the drill, and the impact mode should not be used so as not to destroy the walls of the hole being formed.

Dowel + double drywall, how long will it hold?

Quick response

Two layers of plasterboard, each 12.5 mm thick, together with Molly dowels, will withstand up to 50 kg of static load weight at each attachment point. And no mortgages! It's like loading a kitchen cabinet on two dowels with 4 bags of cement.

Instead of Molly, you can use any other dowel except Driva and Legs. GKL manufacturers guarantee the strength of one fastening point of 50 kg for two-layer sheathing with 12.5 mm sheets. When calculating the number of attachment points, proceed from these data. Given this data, I believe that 99% of the items you want to hang on double drywall walls will not need to be installed.

Here is a video from the Optimum House company with an experiment, where the author doubled the loads recommended by the manufacturers, that is, up to 100 kg for each fastener, and completely loaded the kitchen cabinet with bricks. Cabinet with two Molly dowels. The total weight was 200kg! The cabinet didn't even move. See for yourself.

Expert

Video author: Optimum House

The Optimum House company has been building European country houses for more than 15 years. On our YouTube channel we talk about the construction of our facilities and other features of suburban construction. The channel will be useful for both beginners and professionals.

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The dowel, together with two-layer plasterboard, is comparable in strength to an embedded structure on a single-layer sheathing. This means that you don’t need to think through the placement of items on the walls in advance and you can place them where you want after finishing the decoration, and if you change your mind, move them to another place at any time.

At what values ​​will double drywall fail? I don’t know, I haven’t found a single experiment. And even with such permissible loads, it doesn’t make sense; the strength is enough.

Type and purpose of tools

In order for a drill to be as efficient as possible, you need to select it correctly, taking into account the properties of the material being processed, the requirements for hole sizes and the characteristics of the equipment. Manufacturers produce drills of many types, but they are all divided according to their scope of application into three main types:

• Machine tools (machine);
• Locksmiths;
• Construction.

Drills also differ in design. It is customary to distinguish between conical drills and twist drills. The last type of tool is the most common - twist drills are most in demand for use with drilling machines and hand-held power tools. In construction, the most popular are drills with special tipped hard alloys, which allow working with stone, brick and concrete. We'll talk about them today.

Length and diameter

Most often, when performing certain repair and installation work at a construction site or at home, we are faced with the problem of choosing a drill for a dowel. The tool must match the type of material in which the holes are to be prepared, and must also have a diameter and length corresponding to the dowel. As a rule, the dowel and drill are selected at the same time - in this case it is much easier to achieve an optimal match.

When preparing a hole in brickwork or concrete, which will serve to secure not too heavy elements and products, it is best to purchase a dowel with a diameter of 6 mm and a high-quality drill with a Pobedit tip of the same diameter. In order for the fastening to be especially reliable, it is important that the dowel is completely immersed in the hole by 40 mm if we are talking about a wall and 60 mm if the work is being done on the ceiling.

If you need to fasten objects and parts of medium weight (5-10 kg), then choose an impact dowel with a minimum diameter of 8 mm and a tapped drill of the corresponding diameter. Such a dowel must be immersed at least 60 mm into the wall, and 80 mm into the ceiling. Experts believe that it is necessary to use at least 4 fastening points, evenly distributed over the area of ​​the part being fixed.

To secure heavy stationary objects whose mass exceeds 10 kg, impact dowels and tipped construction drills with a diameter of 10 mm are used. The hole should be such that the fastener extends 60 mm into the wall and 80 mm into the ceiling. For reliable installation, you must use at least 6 fixation points.

Particularly responsible is the installation of objects that experience dynamic loads. These elements include stairs, various equipment, and horizontal bars. Regardless of the weight of the part, it must be fastened using a drill and dowels with a diameter of 8 mm or higher, and there must be at least 4 holes.

The requirements for drill-dowel pairs are slightly different when used in old houses that do not have very strong enclosing structures. In this case, the diameter of the hole and dowel is slightly increased and fasteners with a diameter of 10 mm are used to fix elements of small and medium weight, and 12 mm for heavy objects. Nylon impact dowels, immersed in the wall to a depth of 60-80 mm, showed excellent performance when working with fragile foundations. A drill for such work is selected with a diameter 2 mm smaller than the dowel, since in the walls of old buildings the hole during drilling often “breaks” and increases in size.

Size range of types

According to standards, dowels are made with a diameter of 5, 6, 8, 10 mm. There are also not so common ones, for example 4 mm. The length varies from 20 to 150 mm. The size of the dowel-nail is selected according to the design parameters. For the symbol, two values ​​are indicated in the marking, the first is the diameter, the second is the length. The most popular size range of fasteners is 4x20, 4x40 mm, 5x30, 5x40 mm, 6x30, 6x35, 6x40, 6x50, 6x52, 6x60 mm, 6x70 mm, 6x80 mm, 6x100 mm, 8x40, 8x50, 8x60, 8x80 mm, 8x1 00 mm, 10x50, 10x60, 10x80, 10x100 mm, 10x120 mm, 10x160 mm, 12x60, 12x70, 12x80 mm.

Dowel fasteners are divided into types.

• Umbrella (or facade). It features a large cap and length. Designed for fixing large layers of insulation. The nail can be made of steel or impact-resistant plastic.
• Chemical. Fastening occurs due to the adhesive capsule. There are chemical dowels of ampoule and injection types.
• KVT (or fasteners for aerated concrete). During installation, threads are cut, but the base material itself is not destroyed. Can withstand loads from 400 to 600 kilograms.
• Universal. Designed for both surfaces with voids and solid ones. When installing a nail, the sleeve “twists” and forms a kind of knot that provides reliable adhesion and fixation.
• Molly (or collapsible spring) dowel. It is made of steel and during installation “folds”, mounted in thin and hollow walls. People may also call it a butterfly dowel.
• Spacer. It has additional mounting lugs; it can be three-spacer, four-spacer or six-spacer. A threaded nail is driven in with a hammer.
• Frame. Its distinctive feature is the shape of the non-expanding part, it is elongated.
• Metal for concrete. For fastening it is best to use a special gun, but installation can be done manually. The holes must be prepared in advance.

It is worth noting that some models come complete with a washer for sealing.

Secrets of proper drilling

When installing a dowel into an old wall, you can often encounter such an unpleasant phenomenon as turning it. This is an alarming signal that indicates that the fastener is not ready to perform its functions 100%. In this case, the hole is carefully drilled out and a product of larger diameter is installed into it. To initially prevent this phenomenon, they begin to drill a hole using a tool with a diameter smaller than necessary. If you need to install using a 10 mm dowel, work begins with a 6 mm drill, and then continues with an 8 mm drill. It may seem strange that with this technology for preparing holes for dowels, a tool corresponding to the diameter of the fastener is not used at all. The last stage of work will be drilling, again with an 8 mm drill, but with a blow. This will create a hole into which a nylon dowel with a diameter of 10 mm will fit tightly.

Sometimes you can hear arguments that in order to install the dowel as securely as possible, you need to choose a drill of a smaller diameter. This common mistake results in the fastener not fitting into the wall and having to be hammered in using considerable force. The benefit of such fasteners is questionable and the reliability of a dowel damaged by impacts is usually low.

Source: krepcom.ru

Peculiarities

A dowel is a sleeve made of any material with ribs located on the outside of the product to securely fix and prevent rotation during operation.

The main distinguishing feature of a nylon dowel is its longer service life. It can last more than 10 times longer than polyethylene. They have been in use in European countries for more than half a century. They are made from a special material - polyamide, which does not age over time and does not shrink. These properties of this type of plastic allow you to use nylon dowels for many years without fear for their reliability.

Another feature is the fairly wide temperature range at which such fasteners can be used - it ranges from -40 to +80 degrees Celsius. It should be noted that it can be used at lower temperatures at your own peril and risk: deformation and rupture may occur, or the dowel will not completely fit into place. But, as practice has shown, it will still hold better than regular polyethylene.

Due to the high degree of strength and reliability, this type of fastener can withstand loads approximately 3 times higher than fastening rods made of simple plastic. The only negative compared to the others is the higher cost due to the fact that a higher quality type of plastic is used.

Nylon fasteners have another interesting feature: if you put them in water, they will sink, unlike their other plastic counterparts.

Choosing a drill

When solving a problem, you need to take into account the diameter and length of the part. Take a closer look at the basic rules:

1. About the diameter: a drill with an identical circle is used. It is permissible to use a cutting tool 1 mm smaller. In this case, you will need to widen the hole in a circular motion so that it is no smaller than the key used;
2. About the length: the hole is usually made 5-14 cm longer. The margin is required for dust and the tip of the screw extending beyond the tenon. An example of how to choose a drill for a dowel:

• Length 25 mm = Depth 30 mm;
• 40 mm = 46 mm;
• 65 mm = 73 mm;
• 70 mm = 84 mm;

Using the above table, you can easily calculate the required parameters. Minimal deviations are acceptable.

Advice from professionals

It is better to select a drill for a dowel in accordance with the recommendations described above. If you have to punch a hole through a hard surface, a good option would be to take a nozzle 2-4 mm smaller, turning on the impact mode on the drill. This will avoid chipping and deviating direction to the side.

• Remember - perforation always expands the area of ​​impact of the drill.

Afterwards, a cutting mechanism is installed according to the size of the insert tenon. The equipment is switched to standard mode. The hole widens, maintaining smooth edges. Experts recommend blowing out the resulting hole, removing dust and residues that have accumulated after drilling. This will ensure reliable adhesion of the element to the base.

An important detail - even if a hole is made in soft surfaces, you need to use 2 drills - first 1 mm smaller, then according to the diameter of the dowel. This will allow you to get a perfectly sized hole.

Source: www.moy-house.ru