As is known, the power of any naturally aspirated engine strongly depends on the displacement, and is also quite limited by the physical displacement of the internal combustion engine. To put it simply, the outside air is due to the vacuum that occurs as a result of the movement of the pistons in the cylinders.
At the same time, the amount of fuel that can then be effectively burned directly depends on the amount of incoming air. In other words, to make a naturally aspirated engine more powerful, it is necessary to increase the cylinder displacement, increase the number of cylinders, or combine both.
Another effective way is to supply air to the engine under pressure. In this case, the volume of the cylinder and the number of “pots” do not need to be changed, while the air is forced in, which automatically allows more fuel to be supplied and then to burn such a charge of the fuel-air mixture with maximum efficiency.
Among the air blowers, turbocharging and a mechanical compressor should be highlighted. Each of the solutions has both its pros and cons, while installing a mechanical air blower with your own hands in practice may well turn out to be somewhat easier than correctly performing the work of installing a turbocharger. Next we will talk about whether it is possible to install a compressor on the engine with your own hands and what needs to be taken into account as part of such an installation.
Do-it-yourself air turbine - Metalworker's Guide
One of the possibilities to extend the life of an old car, for example any VAZ 2107, 2106, 2114, 2112, is its tuning.
Of course, in this case we are not talking about installing new wheels and covers, but primarily about increasing engine power.
And one of the simplest and most affordable options for ensuring this is to install a mechanical supercharger on the motor yourself.
Mechanical supercharger for VAZ - pros and cons
The larger the engine and the more cylinders it has, the higher its power. This is the very first conclusion when observing motors and machines. But this is not always the case.
The more fuel burned in the engine cylinders, the more power it can produce. But the cylinder volume is finite, and I want to have increased power.
This is where a mechanical air blower comes to the rescue.
The principle of its operation is extremely simple and works on any car, including the VAZ 2107, 2106, 2114, 2112 family - it provides additional air to the engine, resulting in:
- the purging of the cylinders increases, and they are better freed from the remains of burnt fuel;
- more fuel enters the engine cylinders, which ensures more power;
- The compression ratio increases, which also gives an increase in power.
This approach is almost similar to the turbo mode used on diesel engines.
Only there, for these purposes, a turbocharger is used, driven by exhaust gases, and in this case, a mechanical air blower, which is connected to the engine crankshaft by a belt.
This approach is much simpler, the air supply depends on the engine speed, the higher it is, the more air is supplied; and also does not require ensuring the operating modes of the turbine and can be done with your own hands on any VAZ car.
It is worth considering that if a mechanical supercharger is installed on a VAZ injection car, then a firmware change will be required. However, a similar modification can be made for a carburetor car, only in this case, most likely, you will have to change the jets in the carburetor and adjust the ignition timing.
Do not forget that you are boosting a VAZ engine, be it any of its models 2107, 2106, 2114, 2112, the work must be carried out comprehensively, and only then is it possible to obtain the expected result. However, this is not such a big price to pay for the increase in power.
How to install an air blower yourself
There are several approaches that allow you to install a mechanical air blower on VAZ family cars with your own hands. This means making a device yourself that provides turbo mode or boosting the engine, or using a ready-made KIT kit.
Homemade supercharger for VAZ
With this approach, the mechanical air blower will be decisive. The entire future design depends on it.
The main thing is to find an air supercharger from an imported car that meets the requirements, or you will have to use a homemade one.
This is also possible, and in this case suitable parts and components from completely unexpected devices, for example, a vacuum cleaner, are used.
When making such a homemade air supercharger, you need to take literally everything into account - dimensions, weight, placement in the engine compartment, how and where the drive pulley and belt will be located, the performance of this device, operating modes (short-term or long-term), the possibility of lubrication and much, much more. Once the compressor becomes clear, it is necessary to calculate the implementation of the turbo mode for the engine.
Here it is necessary to take into account how the fuel and cooling system of the car will be changed, what changes need to be made to its control and how to do this, what pressure will be acceptable for safe operation of the engine when implementing a turbo mode using such a device.
Even the far from complete list of questions shown shows that making a homemade air supercharger for a VAZ of any family, be it 2107, 2106, 2114, 2112, is quite difficult, but possible.
An example would be a photo showing that such work has been successfully completed.
True, this is not a VAZ, but the fact itself is important - it is possible to make a homemade air compressor in which its drive unit is connected to the engine crankshaft.
Do-it-yourself drive supercharger - from a KIT kit
Yes, there are such kits on sale that allow you to implement the turbo mode in VAZ 2107, 2106, 2114, 2112 cars with your own hands.
As a rule, it includes everything needed to assemble and install such a device on a car - the compressor itself, belts, drive unit, brackets and air ducts.
What such a kit is like can be seen in the photo below.
The main advantage of this approach to implementing the turbo mode on your car is the simplicity and complete adaptation of technical solutions to a specific option - 2107, 2106, 2114, 2112. As a rule, the manufacturers of kit kits are Chinese manufacturers, which ensures their fairly reasonable price.
As an advantage of implementing the turbo mode in this way, it is worth noting that it is tailored specifically to VAZ cars of one model or another (2107, 2106, 2114, 2112).
The advantages of this approach also include the fact that under some conditions, when the level of additional pressure created is not more than half a bar, no intervention is required in the vehicle’s fuel system.
It is inappropriate to describe the procedure for implementing the turbo mode from such a set; each of them has its own assembly instructions. The disadvantages include the country of origin, but it depends on your luck.
What the car looks like after modification and how to do it, the video will additionally help you understand.
One of the ways available to car enthusiasts to boost the engine of an old car and give it a new life is to install an air supercharger.
Do-it-yourself turbocharger: what do you need to know?
Having become the owner of a car, every driver strives to improve it in some way, hence the desire to make a turbocharger with his own hands. Someone makes adjustments to the external exterior of the car, someone updates the interior, and someone makes more serious tuning, adding power to the engine.
One of the costly but effective methods of modernization includes equipping a car with turbocharging. It significantly increases engine power, which is why many take this step. Owners of old domestic cars especially often resort to such conversions.
Turbocharger and its principle of operation
A turbocharger is a complex structure consisting of a centrifugal or axial compressor operating in conjunction with a turbine. It increases the efficiency of the car by supplying a large volume of air to the cylinders.
Its action is based on the following stages:
- When a mixture of fuel and air enters the engine, it burns and exits through the exhaust pipe. The impeller, installed at the beginning of the exhaust manifold, is firmly connected to the impeller of the intake manifold.
- The powerful flow of gases coming out of the engine drives the impeller at the outlet. This in turn rotates the impeller on the intake manifold.
- As a result, a large amount of air and fuel is supplied to the engine at the same time. The more fuel mass is burned, the more powerful the engine becomes. The turbocharger's task is to supply the engine with as much air mass as possible to burn a large volume of fuel. Due to this, an increase in power is achieved.
The built-in turbocharger is capable of burning up to 1.6 times more fuel, increasing the power level by the same amount.
By operating the car in the usual load mode, fuel consumption will not increase. Thanks to improved acceleration and climbing performance, savings are observed. Gasoline consumption will increase as the load increases.
The wear of parts is reduced, and the car will receive the following advantages:
- acceleration time will be reduced;
- maneuverability will increase;
- cargo movement will increase;
- speed will increase.
In what cases is turbocharging equipment necessary?
Many car owners want to equip their car with a turbocharger to increase power characteristics. Modern cars, equipped with engines with a large number of horsepower, do not require such modernization.
Owners of domestic cars that are not particularly powerful are taking this step. It makes sense to equip a small car with a turbocharger.
Even a slight increase in horsepower in their engines will be noticeable and will give them better acceleration, improving the dynamics of their performance.
This will give you more confidence when overtaking other vehicles on highways.
DIY turbocharger
Before installing a turbocharger on your car, you need to decide on the power you want to get from the engine.
The final result depends on the correct choice of turbocharging. It should best suit your car brand. This will affect the further installation process.
Many car owners are concerned about how to make a turbocharger with their own hands and is it possible? For a beginner, this procedure will be difficult, because the process requires knowledge of some nuances.
It may be necessary to modify the car's mechanisms before installing a turbocharger. Installation errors will lead to equipment malfunctions, which will lead to new costs. Therefore, you need to do tuning yourself carefully, adhering to the following rules:
- Check the condition of all important vehicle systems before installation. Replace air and oil filters. Change the oil and check the serviceability of the oil pipes. The main thing is that no dirt or dust particles get there during turbine operation.
- Diagnose the catalyst for faults.
- Check the air filter housing. It must be sealed.
- Wash the air pipes and crankcase ventilation system with gasoline.
- Clean all air supply channels from dirt, otherwise contamination will affect the operation of the supercharger.
- Fill the turbine with oil. The performance of the supercharger depends on its quality.
- To better disperse it in the turbine, use a hand pump. Repeat the manipulation several times. After which the oil is completely drained from the unit.
- Install the turbocharger and fasten it securely.
- For ease of installation, dismantle the heat shield, generator and exhaust manifold. Drain the system of coolant.
- Drain all the oil. Drill a hole in the engine and install a fitting into it using sealant. Then remove the sensor that detects the oil temperature.
- Install the adapter to supply oil to the turbine.
- Please return all items. Connect the turbine with the fitting with a hose, install the bypass valve.
- Finally, install the intercooler and exhaust piping.
Rotary types
Compressors that are used quite widely. The main advantage is the average price, long service life, high frequency of supplied air, smooth and stable operation, quick response to the crankshaft speed.
The air in this system is not compressed, it seems to go inside, and then it is forced into the engine by blades, which are made in the form of a rotor. That’s why they got the name – compressor with external compression. The downside is that as the inlet pressure increases, the efficiency decreases.
The structure most often consists of two rotors, on the inlet and outlet windows, see photo. They are located transversely.
The disadvantages of this design are:
1) Efficiency depends on the clearances between the shafts and other parts.
2) The largest heating of all other types.
3) Strong noise and vibration of the shafts.
4) Not very strong pressure, about 0.7 bar maximum.
To summarize, it becomes clear that this type is far from ideal. Some can - why are the blades screw-shaped? There are two reasons here, the first is an increase in air pressure and the second is a decrease in noise (although it helps little).
Electric turbine for a car. Is it possible? Is it possible to do it yourself? Only the real truth
Today I want to raise an interesting topic, in principle this is a logical continuation of the article, boosting the engine .
If we jump ahead a little on the topic, it turns out that now all turbocharged engines use mechanical air compressors; this approach has many advantages and many disadvantages.
But recently, many companies began to think about electric turbines that will not use exhaust gases from the car, and also will not have mechanical connections and drives, and the air will be pumped by an electric motor that will be “powered” from the on-board system...
CONTENTS OF THE ARTICLE
Not a bad idea! After all, you can avoid many of the disadvantages of mechanical systems, especially turbines that run on exhaust gases, such as:
1) "Turbojams"
2) Turbine cooling
3) Engine oil lubrication
4) Oil consumption
5) Well, and of course a resource
If we draw the line, we can understand that mechanical systems are far from ideal. Of course, compressors that operate from drives will be more reliable. However, they also have disadvantages; this is the same drive that uses a regular belt for operation, which wears out over time.
In general, the developers thought and realized that mechanics can be replaced with electrics! Or is it not possible?
Principle of structure
It should be noted that now some German manufacturers have such superchargers in their engines. And they are installed, as you understand, in the air intake system. Mercedes, BMW and AUDI were the first to use such superchargers.
The principle here is simple - a powerful “fan” is installed, which creates a pressure of approximately 0.5 atmospheres (and possibly more). Powered by the vehicle's electrical system, it pumps additional oxygen into the engine to increase power. With fuel supply settings, you can achieve a significant increase - about 20 - 30%.
The electric turbine should also be adjusted to certain speeds, for example, at idle it should work slower, and at high speeds, correspondingly faster. It turns out to be almost an ideal system! But what’s the catch, where are the downsides? And you know, they exist.
Disadvantages of the electric option
Many of my readers think that making such a system is very simple, you need to take some kind of cooler and insert it into the air intake pipe and that’s happiness! Such “miracle coolers” are usually sold in Chinese online stores; we’ll talk about these types below.
However, guys, not everything is so simple here. In normal (idling) mode, a naturally aspirated 1.6-liter engine consumes approximately 300 - 400 liters of air per hour of operation. And at high speeds, say 4000 - 5000, we multiply this figure by 4 - 5, that is, 1200 - 1600 liters. Just imagine this volume! If you calculate the minute consumption 300/60 = 5 liters per minute, or 20 at high speeds.
So - the electric turbine should increase this figure, and not slow it down! If you install a weak engine, it will not pump up the required pressure, but will create an “air lock” effect, that is, with its blades it will slow down the flow of air into the engine and interfere with normal passage.
Now imagine what an electric version of the engine is needed to pump such a volume! I repeat, to increase performance you need at least 6 - 7 liters of air at idle, and 25 at high, and this is for the 1.6 liter version; for larger volumes you need more.
If we draw an analogy with German manufacturers, then they use at least a brushless 0.5 kW electric motor, which rotates at crazy speeds, can reach up to 20,000 and its pressure capacity ranges from 1 to 5 atmospheres.
For more powerful cars, more powerful engines up to 0.7 kW are used.
As it becomes clear, a standard generator may not be able to handle such electricity consumption, so it is replaced with a more powerful one, or an additional one is installed.
And as you know, high energy consumption simply slows down the generators, and therefore increases engine braking, which will affect its output and reduce efficiency.
However, the experiments carried out revealed an increase in productivity by approximately 20–30%, which is significant. But due to the complexity and high cost of the devices, application on cars is not yet in mass production.
For example, mechanical compressors are much cheaper and more efficient. Sometimes the difference in price can reach 5 – 7 times.
A few words about Chinese electric turbines
Literally 2 years ago, the “auto Internet” simply exploded with electric turbines from China.
A small “thingy” was offered, which was installed in the gap in the air intake hose, which supposedly pumped air with pressure into the engine, a promised increase in power by as much as 15%! The engine itself was an incomprehensible cooler, neither electricity consumption, nor speed, nor pumped air - there were no indicators. If you even disassemble it visually, it becomes clear that this is a cooler similar to advanced computer coolers, so what can it increase? NOTHING! So we just don’t buy - it’s a SCAM.
Now, of course, other electric turbines are starting to appear on the same Chinese sites, many are even made in the shape of a snail - ala a mechanical compressor. But again, there are no indicators of pressure, consumption, or air pumping. Think before you buy. Let's watch an educational video.
Is it possible to make an electric version with your own hands?
Hypothetically, it is possible, and many people install this on their car. Personally, I also thought about installing it on my car, but the price stopped me.
You need to solve a number of points:
1) Definitely installing a powerful generator, which is already expensive for a foreign car.
2) A powerful and compact electric motor, preferably brushless, it produces high speeds with optimal energy consumption. Personally, I have seen these for compact models, but with a power of 0.5 kW and above they are also not cheap.
3) Impeller and housing. You also need to make it yourself or buy it for maximum air injection. Also not an easy task.
4) And of course, a stabilizer or inverters to power the electric motor.
The tasks are not simple, some foreign cars do not have powerful generators, so it is very difficult to do!
But many craftsmen install it on their cars in the garage; an increase in power can actually be achieved up to 20 - 30%.
Moreover, many people install an additional air consumption sensor in the pipe in front of the turbine; it “sees” the pumped volume and automatically regulates a larger fuel supply (supplies values to the ECU) to enrich the fuel mixture. So the firmware may not be needed.
To sum it up, it turns out that an electric turbine on a car is possible, I’ll even say that you can do it yourself, but not everything is so simple and often “the game is not worth the candle.” After all, you need to remake not only the car’s electrical system, but also the fuel supply system; you may need ECU firmware.
I think it was interesting, sincerely your AUTOBLOGGER.
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TURBO - NOT TURBO
In short, there are now many design varieties of compressors. Some work using the energy of exhaust gases (TURBO), others - using a drive (NOT TURBO). It is the latter that we will talk about today. By the way , which is better, a turbine or a compressor, you can read at the link.
If you examine the design of such units, you can identify a certain similarity in structure. Namely, such compressors operate from a drive that does not require intervention in the standard engine systems, namely the lubrication and exhaust gas system, which is very important! This design is really very simple - a direct connection is established with the “crankshaft”, which allows the engine and supercharger to interact perfectly during acceleration. That is, the higher the speed, the faster the “crankshaft” rotates, and accordingly the supercharger spins! Thanks to this interaction, there is practically no such thing as “turbo lag”. Also, an additional advantage is the lack of operation at high temperatures, like with TURBO options, which means that the service life is greatly increased - after all, there is no need for the “turbine” to cool down, that is, “turbo timers” or “boost controllers” are not necessary, we just turn off the car and work stops. The site autoflit.ru recommends doing exactly the same. If you're interested, come in.
How to make a steam turbine
The idea of practical use of steam energy is far from new; the use of steam turbines on an industrial scale has long been a part of our life. It is these units, installed at various power plants and thermal power plants, that supply 99% of our homes with electricity.
However, some craftsmen manage to introduce the principle of converting thermal energy into electrical energy at home. For this, a homemade steam turbine of minimal size and power is used.
How to assemble it at home will be discussed in this article.
How does a steam turbine work?
In essence, steam turbines are part of a complex system designed to convert fuel energy into electricity, and sometimes into heat.
At the moment, this method is considered cost-effective. Technologically, this happens as follows:
- solid or liquid fuel is burned in a steam boiler plant. As a result, the working fluid (water) turns into steam;
- the resulting steam is additionally overheated and reaches a temperature of 435 ºС at a pressure of 3.43 MPa. This is necessary in order to achieve maximum efficiency of the entire system;
- The working fluid is delivered through pipelines to the turbine, where it is evenly distributed among the nozzles using special units;
- the nozzles deliver live steam to curved blades mounted on the shaft, causing it to rotate. Thus, the kinetic energy of the expanding steam is converted into mechanical motion, this is the principle of operation of the steam turbine;
- the generator shaft, which is a “reverse electric motor,” is rotated by the turbine rotor, resulting in the generation of electricity;
- the exhaust steam enters the condenser, where, from contact with cooled water in the heat exchanger, it turns into a liquid state and is again pumped into the boiler for heating.
Note. In the best case, the efficiency of a steam turbine reaches 60%, and the efficiency of the entire system is no more than 47%. A significant part of the fuel energy is lost through heat loss and is spent on overcoming the frictional force during rotation of the shafts.
The functional diagram below shows the principle of operation of a steam turbine together with a boiler plant, an electric generator and other elements of the system:
To prevent a decrease in operating efficiency, the maximum design number of blades is located on the rotor shaft. At the same time, the smallest gap is ensured between them and the stator housing by means of special seals.
In simple words, so that the steam “does not spin idle” inside the housing, all gaps are minimized. The blade is designed in such a way that the expansion of steam continues not only at the exit from the nozzle, but also in its recess.
How this happens is reflected in the operating diagram of a steam turbine:
It should be noted that the working fluid, whose pressure decreases after hitting the blades, does not immediately enter the condenser after the working cycle in the first block.
After all, it still has a sufficient supply of thermal energy, and therefore the steam is sent through pipelines to the second low-pressure unit, where it again acts on the shaft through blades of a different design.
As shown in the figure, a steam turbine design may include several such blocks:
1 – supply of superheated steam; 2 – block working space; 3 – rotor with blades; 4 – shaft; 5 – exhaust steam outlet to the condenser.
For reference. The rotation speed of the generator rotor can reach 30,000 rpm, and the power of the steam turbine can be up to 1500 MW.
How to make a steam turbine at home?
Many Internet resources publish an algorithm according to which a mini steam turbine can be made from a tin can at home and using a small number of tools. In addition to the can itself, you will need aluminum wire, a small piece of tin for cutting out the strip and impeller, as well as fasteners.
Make 2 holes in the lid of the jar and solder a piece of tube into one. A turbine impeller is cut out of a piece of tin and attached to a strip bent in the shape of the letter P.
The strip is then screwed to the second hole, positioning the impeller so that the blades are opposite the tube. All technological holes made during operation are also sealed.
The product must be placed on a wire stand, filled with water from a syringe, and dry fuel lit from below. An improvised steam turbine rotor will begin to rotate from a stream of steam escaping from the tube.
It is clear that such a design can only serve as a prototype, a toy, since this DIY steam turbine cannot be used for any purpose. The power is too low, and there is no talk of any efficiency. Perhaps it is possible to demonstrate the principle of operation of a heat engine using its example.
A mini electricity generator can actually be made from an old metal kettle. To do this, in addition to the kettle itself, you will need a copper or stainless steel tube with thin walls, a computer cooler and a small piece of sheet aluminum. From the latter, a round impeller with blades is cut out, from which a low-power steam turbine will be made.
The electric motor is removed from the cooler and installed on the same axis with the impeller. The resulting device is mounted in a round aluminum case; its size should fit in place of the kettle lid.
A hole is made in the bottom of the latter, where a tube is soldered, and a coil is made from it outside. As you can see, the design of a steam turbine is very close to reality, since the coil plays the role of a superheater.
The second end of the tube, as you might guess, is connected to the improvised impeller blades.
Note. The most complex and time-consuming part of the device is the coil. It is easier to make it from a copper tube than from stainless steel, but it will not last long. Contact with an open fire will quickly burn out a copper superheater, so it is better to make it yourself from a stainless tube.
Application of Steam Turbine
By pouring water into the kettle and putting it on the gas turned on, you can make sure that when it boils, the energy of the steam coming out of the tube is enough for an EMF to appear at the output of the electric motor. To do this, you should connect an LED flashlight to it. In addition to powering light bulbs, other uses for a steam turbine are possible, such as charging a cell phone battery.
In an apartment or private house, such a mini-power plant may seem like a simple toy.
But if you find yourself on a hike and take with you a turbocharged kettle with an electric generator, you will be able to appreciate its functionality.
Perhaps in the process you will be able to find some other purpose for the turbine. You can find out more information about making a camping generator from a kettle by watching the video:
Conclusion
Unfortunately, steam engines are structurally quite complex and it is very difficult to make a turbine at home whose power reaches at least 500 W. If you strive to ensure that the turbine operation scheme is followed, then the costs of components and the time spent will be unjustified, the efficiency of a home-made installation will not exceed 20%. It is probably easier to buy a ready-made diesel generator.
Installing a compressor on a VAZ
Needless to say, our domestic market mainly consists of AvtoVAZ products, this is where young “tuners” start, so the most common question is - can it be installed on a VAZ?
Of course it is possible, and the last one, the centrifugal type, often already comes as a complete set, for installation specifically on our cars, that is, the so-called “KIT kit”.
Installing the system is quite simple. However, first you need to install an enlarged gasket between the block and the cylinder head. This is what the manufacturer advises. Below is an exaggerated connection diagram:
1) Set up the air intake filter.
2) Attach the body to the bracket
3) Connect the crankshaft drive.
4) Fasten the drive belt
Now a short video for understanding.
What can be achieved - as I wrote above, at high speeds the pressure can reach 0.5 - 0.6 bar. If you correctly configure the fuel injection, flash the ECU, or reconfigure the carburetor, you can achieve 30% at the top! This is very significant.
I will end here, I think my article was useful to you.
( 10 votes, average: 4.30 out of 5)
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Instead, there is a drive pulley with a gearbox. The advantages are the same as those of a turbocharger, plus light weight. The disadvantages are also similar to turbochargers. The centrifugal supercharger does not start working immediately, but only after reaching operating speed. Another disadvantage of this type of turbine is that it takes power away from the engine.
How to make a small wind turbine - generator
How to Make a Small Wind Turbine (with Photos and Video)
Make a small wind turbine at your home. You can see hundreds of small wind turbine videos that show you how to easily make a small wind turbine at home. But many of them are not very useful.
Many of them don't offer complete guidance on how to build a small wind turbine that works like a real one. People are not satisfied, as can be seen from their comments. So I decided to build a small turbine and upload the video to .
I went into town and bought the necessary tools and parts at the hardware store.
The main segments of the screw dynamo-housing base
Tail
Wind turbine propeller
Make a small wind turbine propeller
It converts wind energy into mechanical rotational energy. This is the most important part. Let's learn how to make a screw. Buy a 10-inch PVC pipe (3 inches in diameter), dividing it equally around the perimeter.
Cut the pipe into blades as shown in the video. Make holes as shown in the picture on any round object with 2.5 inches. Then screw the 3 blades to it using cycle screws.
Keep in mind, the weight of each blade should be the same.
Each blade should be located at the same distance on the plate. Products for inventors.
Centrifugal type
The most common ones on internal combustion engines operate using so-called blades or “blades”. If we compare them with the previous two, then this type is the most compact of all, and it is also simple in manufacturing technology, which reduces its final cost. It can often be confused with the TURBO version (which is powered by exhaust gases), due to its similar design, but this is completely wrong, these are two completely different devices.
The principle of the structure consists of an inlet part, a working part (blade-blade) and a diffuser, which can be either bladed or bladeless. An air intake made in the shape of a “snail” is also required for installation.
The air, having passed through a special filter (by the way, is also required, otherwise all the dust will be inside the engine), enters a special inlet which gradually narrows (for minimal air losses during supply), then goes to the wheel. The impeller is mounted on a special mount, but there have been cases when it was placed on the shaft itself. Next, through a mechanical transmission (drive), it is connected to the crankshaft.
Such options are the most common on our domestic cars (in particular VAZ). They are chosen for their durability, low price, versatility and compactness.
The disadvantages of such compressors are low efficiency at low speeds, but at high speeds the engine power can increase up to 30% of the nominal value. At rpm from 4000, the pressure can reach 0.5 - 0.6 bar.
Do-it-yourself turbocharging on a carburetor engine
The vast majority of car owners strive to maximize the power of their car in various available ways.
One of the questions that owners of carburetor cars often ask is how to install a turbine on a carburetor engine.
If the owner of a carburetor internal combustion engine decides to engage in such improvement and tuning, then it is necessary to separately take into account a number of features.
A little theory
The most effective way to make such improvements is for those who have a clear understanding of their actions. To do this, you need to understand the theoretical part.
So, a car’s power and fuel consumption depend on the quality and degree of enrichment of the fuel-air mixture entering the cylinders, as well as on its volume.
Of course, the volume of the burned mixture can be increased by increasing the combustion chamber, as well as increasing the number of cylinders. However, this will not bring optimal results, since the engine becomes large and heavy, and fuel consumption increases significantly. Turbocharging solves this problem.
The fact is that a conventional engine, when operating, pumps air into itself due to the vacuum created by the piston. In a turbocharged power unit, this work is performed by a turbocharger.
In this case, the air is pre-compressed, which allows you to pump in a larger volume. That is, it is possible to burn a larger volume of fuel.
The result is an increase in engine power in relation to engine volume and fuel consumed.
One important point: air, as you know, heats up when strongly compressed. It will heat up again when compressed in the combustion chamber. In this case, detonation may occur.
And, in addition, due to heating, the air density in the cylinder will decrease, which will naturally reduce the efficiency of the entire system.
To remove these negative phenomena, intercoolers are used - air coolers from the turbine. They are a radiator.
Typically, turbochargers were installed on engines with electronic fuel injection (gasoline or diesel), and mechanical compressors on carburetor internal combustion engines. In this case, a turbine can also be installed on a carburetor engine, but additional difficulties arise, which will be discussed a little later.
As already mentioned, there are two types of compressors:
- A turbocharger that operates by using the energy of exhaust gases.
Exhaust gases enter the impeller and rotate it, due to which air is pumped; - Mechanically driven compressor.
It is powered by a motor drive. At the same time, efficiency decreases and fuel consumption increases compared to the first version of the compressor, since the mechanical supercharger takes away part of the power from the internal combustion engine.
The entire system, in addition to the turbine itself, includes several more important components that must be remembered during installation:
- a control valve that maintains a given pressure;
- a bypass valve that allows compressed air to return back to the compressor inlet pipes if the engine throttle valve is closed;
- a bleed valve that releases compressed air into the atmosphere when the throttle valve is closed;
- air pipes;
- oil pipes (serve for lubrication and cooling of the turbine).
Difficulties in installing a turbine on a carburetor engine
- The process of installing a turbine is in many ways reminiscent of the procedure on a fuel-injected internal combustion engine (installation of an intercooler, turbocharger, turbine control elements, etc.). The main difficulties are related to the carburetor.
- Due to the fact that the fuel mixture is supplied to the cylinders through jets, when a turbine is installed on a carburetor engine, it is necessary to change them to others of a larger diameter so that the mixture does not become too lean. And choosing non-original jets for a carburetor and ensuring its normal operation in all modes is very difficult.
Most carburetors are not designed to work in conjunction with a turbine. Although, some factories produced small quantities of carburetor engines, initially equipped with turbochargers.
- Due to the fact that turbo engines have a different compression ratio than atmospheric engines, it is necessary to remember about detonation and how to eliminate it. As a rule, a proven method is to increase the volume of the combustion chamber. This is achieved by installing additional gaskets under the cylinder head.
- You will also have to adjust the operation of the system so that at different engine speeds the air pressure from the turbine is also appropriate. Otherwise, there will be excess or lack of air in the intake manifold in relation to the volume of fuel supplied.
These are the main problems that you will have to face when installing a compressor on a carburetor engine. But besides this, additional difficulties are possible, which will depend on the car model, as well as on its operating modes.
Of the most important advantages of such an installation, the following are worth highlighting:
- Reduced fuel consumption with proper use of the vehicle during everyday driving.
We are talking about the ability to increase torque, which, in turn, will significantly reduce the frequency of gear shifts to lower ones on busy city roads in dense traffic. Again, this will reduce fuel consumption. - Reduced noise during engine operation, since there is no need to turn the unit to high speeds.
Also, with comprehensive tuning, it is possible to additionally and significantly improve the performance of the engine;
conclusions
As you can see, a carburetor engine with a turbine has a right to exist and may even turn out to be more profitable compared to a conventional atmospheric one, although such a conversion will cause trouble and require serious alterations and financial costs. For obvious reasons, in practice, turbocharged carburetor internal combustion engines are very rare, especially in civilian cars.
Also, before installing the compressor, you should first decide in what modes you plan to operate the car: high-speed driving on the highway or ordinary everyday trips around the city.
It is also important to select and correctly configure the turbine in accordance with the working volume of the power unit itself. As a rule, the setup process is no less labor-intensive than installation.
As for the engine life, in most cases, installing supercharging on a naturally aspirated unit somehow reduces the service life of the engine and gearbox, especially if the engine and transmission were not specially prepared and modified for this.
Source
Homemade drive supercharger for a VAZ with your own hands
One of the possibilities to extend the life of an old car, for example any VAZ 2107, 2106, 2114, 2112, is its tuning. Of course, in this case we are not talking about installing new wheels and covers, but primarily about increasing engine power. And one of the simplest and most affordable options for ensuring this is to install a mechanical supercharger on the motor yourself.
Screw type
This is a more advanced and reliable supercharger design. The principle of operation here is also simple - compression occurs by changing the volume of the cavities between the body and the rotation screws (a kind of rotors). The air here moves diagonally. The big advantages of this option are high efficiency up to 85%, as well as high air pressure (from 1 bar to higher), this is achieved by high speeds, sometimes up to 12,000 rpm. It is because of this that the body can be made more miniature. It must be said that this option is often used on racing cars due to its reliability and small body.
The only downsides are the complex structure and repairs, which increases the price of the final product. If such a drive compressor fails, it needs to be repaired at specialized stations, preferably from the manufacturer.
As you can see in the design there are two rotors, with serrated spiral teeth. Their profiles fully correspond to each other when in contact, which makes the design very reliable.
