Operation of the units is possible in conjunction with expansion switches. As for the negative resistance indicator, its value in the circuit can correspond to a value of 55 Ohms.
These devices are connected to the generator based on the type of electrical network into which the switch will be connected. connection of machines
In such modifications, copper conductors. Another feature: low output voltage, mainly V. Sometimes such switches complement counters.
Article Video In some cities, as well as in suburban areas, there is a problem with unstable electricity supply. A power supply rated B is used as an element connecting all available parts. At the network input, protection is installed in the form of a circuit breaker located in the metering panel.
How to divide electrical wiring into groups. DIY electrical wiring
Photos of an ABB reversing switch, photos of a changeover, modular switch.
Due to possible discrepancies in performance characteristics, reversing units are not used for single-phase circuits. Video Modern electrical circuits are switched by various devices produced in a wide range.
First of all, it is installed in residential buildings.
Such devices are called two-position devices. By means of reversible blocks, the required current frequency is supported.
And this is how distribution boards are mainly installed - they have a circuit breaker installed at each input.
A DIN rail can also be used here to accommodate modular protective equipment.
It is also important to remember that for this device it is necessary to use only expansion type switches. The dimensions of the shield are selected according to the number of installed modules. Circuit breakers - polarity and connection diagrams
More on the topic: Measuring loop resistance phase zero
Changeover type circuit breaker
All the changeover switches presented above have one drawback - they require the presence of a person to manipulate the switching circuits. This is inconvenient, especially when the central power supply is lost frequently and unpredictably. Therefore, a changeover circuit breaker was developed. More precisely, this is a whole block called automatic transfer of reserve (ATS).
ATS is a complex design, but craftsmen assemble such systems from relatively inexpensive relay devices (contactors). Models with normally closed and open contacts are used for this.
When using a homemade changeover switch, the connection diagram works according to a certain principle. For example, if there is central supply electricity in the line, then a relay with normally open contacts closes the circuit with the load. The relay with normally closed contacts, where the generator is connected, is open in this case. As soon as the current is lost, the combination is reversed and the network begins to power the generator.
Double pole switch
This is perhaps the main advantage of devices of this type.
This is the main property of such devices, allowing them to perform quite specific tasks. The reversing unit maintains the required current frequency. When choosing changeover switches for a generator, you must take into account that they are used in a single-phase network. At possible low temperatures beyond the permissible limits, a heating system for the cabinet should be provided in advance.
This is the most suitable option for use in two-phase circuits. The entire electrical network is divided into two parts. Its distinctive feature is a special system of blockers.
In contrast to the automatic switching on of the reserve - ATS, with the help of a reversible changeover switch, the reserve is manually switched on. In addition, units manufactured in an expansion version are common. Before installing products in residential premises, you need to make sure that KK series panels, etc., are installed in them.
Installation recommendations
Modular devices usually have 2 inputs and 2 outputs. If the generator cannot cope with the power supply to the entire area of the room, you will need to install a more complex switch circuit.
Such switches or switches are called multi-section or multi-pole. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid installing them in residential buildings with high energy consumption.
Two-phase network How to connect a switch with your own hands if the network is two-phase? Another distinctive feature of single-pole switches is the low output voltage. Reversing switch switch Hager SF263 for connecting a generator - review
Generator grounding
All work requires compliance with safety precautions. Connecting a generator is no exception.
When a gasoline or diesel generator is connected to the network, a ground loop is created
The grounding process is simple.
- A metal rod 150 cm long is driven into the ground.
- The diameter of the rod is one and a half centimeters.
- Good grounding of the unit is obtained if the rod is completely in the ground, with the exception of a 7-10 cm protrusion from the ground.
- Next, we connect the rod to the terminal on the generator that has a grounding connection icon. For this we use copper wire.
The safety of the generator affects the life and health of people around it. When using it, the following is recommended:
- The location of generators from containers with flammable and flammable materials must be sufficient.
- The rooms where the generator is installed must be well ventilated.
- If the unit is located outdoors, it is recommended to make a rain shelter under it.
- If it is indoors, then the temperature in it should be within the operating limits specified in the instructions for use.
- When refueling the device, it must be turned off.
- Mandatory grounding
Connection diagrams
Three-phase network For this type of electrical network, reversible switches are used. When choosing reversing blocks for connecting switches, you can give preference to modifications that can be equipped with both a controller and a resonator.
The dimensions of the shield are selected according to the number of installed modules. Using changeover devices in different networks Each changeover switch of one type or another can only be used in an electrical circuit with certain parameters. The output current is supplied through special devices, the role of which will be played by pass capacitors.
The output current is supplied through a special device, the role of which is performed by pass-through capacitors.
In this case, when choosing control units, be sure to make sure that they have a thyristor base. To avoid distortion of the switch legs, inspect the bolts that secure the switch to the crossbar and, if necessary, tighten them. Irregular switching time.
What is a switch
In order to switch the supply network to the generator network, it is necessary to install a changeover switch in the distribution board according to a certain diagram. It should be borne in mind that such units are best used for generators with operating rates of no more than 20 Hz. Modular versions, as a rule, have two inputs and two outputs, so the two outputs are connected to each other in parallel by jumpers and connected to the distribution panel.
As for the negative resistance indicator, its value in the circuit can correspond to a value of 55 Ohms. In this particular case, the switch is three-pole. A power supply rated B is used in the form of an element connecting all available parts.
Operation of the changeover switch will be safe if you follow the installation rules and recommendations of specialists: It is better to use a closed room for installation and further work. Take a look at the diagram: Electrical diagram of a two-position switch. Here is a classic two-position switch with three contacts.
Single-module modifications are also offered on the markets. For industrial enterprises, devices are installed only if the input power is small. The procedure for connecting the device itself is performed using an inverting input. Contact systems are only applicable to closed type models. How to properly connect an RCD
Switch design
Installation of a reversing circuit breaker in a distribution panel
The reversing circuit breaker has the form of a box with a blade built-in contact system and spring brackets. When closing the first, metal blades enter the brackets. Thanks to this operating principle, contact rupture under its own weight is eliminated. There is a smooth redistribution of electricity from one line to another.
You can fix the switch on the wall in any position - horizontally, vertically and even diagonally. This does not affect its performance.
Selection of electric generator
A home power plant consists of an internal combustion engine and a rotating generator that produces electricity. The most common are four-stroke models with a maximum speed of 3 thousand revolutions. The volume of the fuel tank in domestic models is 10-15 liters. The main selection criterion should be the area of use. Generators can act as the main source of energy, but more often they are a reserve in an emergency.
When choosing, you should pay attention to some parameters:
When connecting, it is important to ensure the coordinated operation of 3 elements:
- home network - consumer;
- centralized supply chain;
- cable from the reserve.
Before connecting, determine the following points:
- safe and economical location of the electric generator;
- frequency of power failures in the general network, need for automation;
- calculated power consumption taking into account reserve and losses.
A suitable connection diagram must be provided.
Automation of electrification requires a lot of financial investments and regular qualified maintenance. For an individual home, the gentlest mode would be manual connection. It makes sense to use partial automation in the form of semi-automatic machines - their cost is not high. However, with any choice, the system must be periodically monitored.
A continuous supply of energy is quite expensive; a private home rarely needs such provision. Important consumers of electricity, such as a computer, can be connected to an uninterruptible power supply.
Advantages and disadvantages
Such a device, like all others, has its advantages and disadvantages.
The advantages include:
- Visibility . One glance is enough to ensure that the device is working properly. You can also visually find out what position it is in - the knives are clearly visible.
- Exceptionally simple design . Thanks to the minimum of parts and simple design, it is easy to repair and maintain such a unit, and the repair itself will be inexpensive.
- High switching currents at relatively low cost . This is perhaps the main advantage of devices of this type. They are able to switch extremely high currents (500A, 630A and more), but at the same time have a relatively low cost.
- Open design . What was considered an advantage is also a disadvantage. All conductive elements of this device are literally visible. One careless move and a person could be exposed to life-threatening voltage*.
- Irregular switching time . Switching reliability is inversely proportional to the speed of disconnection and connection of switch contacts. The switching speed of such structures directly depends on the operator. When the knives are slowly switched under voltage, a high-temperature arc occurs that can burn out the “insides” of the switch per second, and even cause a short circuit.
* This issue is partially resolved by using a special box in which life-threatening equipment is placed, including the switch itself. YARP 100A IEK, for example, “hides” a regular (not changeover) 100a switch and a set of fuses, and YARPP 250A hides not only a 250a changeover switch, but also fuses for the same operating current.
This switch has a remote handle, which means it can be placed in a closet or closed drawer.
A few words about the marking of electrical panels (boxes with switches). Unfortunately, not all manufacturers adhere to a single standard, so the YARP 400a / 380v you bought, for example, may turn out to be a box with a regular three-pole switch/400 A switch, but with a set of fuses, or vice versa - a changeover box without fuses. Therefore, when purchasing such equipment, do not be lazy to look inside.
Device installation
Connection diagram for a reversing switch in a distribution panel
Regardless of which machine is connected - a single-phase reversing switch for a home or a two-, three-, four-phase one, when installing it, you should adhere to the following rules:
- Installation of the device is carried out only in enclosed spaces. Moisture must not enter the device box. If the installation is carried out outdoors, it is necessary to protect the switch with a sealed box-box. It must be locked.
- It is allowed to mount the device at temperatures from -40 to +55 degrees.
- The relay is fixed according to all the rules. Free movement of the mechanism when acting on it is not allowed.
- If the recommended operating temperature range cannot be maintained, the safety cabinet must be heated or cooled.
- The connection of a three-phase, two-, one- or four-phase reversing switch is carried out using a wire wire crimped with a sleeve, a busbar or wires with a central core.
Installation of the reversing switch according to the diagram must be carried out by an experienced electrician who has permission to perform this type of work. Otherwise, emergency situations cannot be ruled out. Installation of the relay (reverse) is carried out only when the network is completely de-energized.
Specifications
Characteristic designation structure
All reversing circuit breakers have the following basic technical parameters:
- rated current indicators - from 16 to 3,200 A;
- number of poles – from 1 to 4;
- permissible operating temperature – no more than -40 degrees to +55;
- cable cross-section – from 0.75 to 35 mm2;
- installation type - din rail or mounting plate.
Some models additionally have a control knob.
