Steel grade ST3: characteristics, decoding, chemical composition and analogues

Steel is one of the most common materials in modern production. In its composition, it consists of iron and carbon, and to give the material special additional qualities, additional impurities are added, the proportions of which vary depending on the final purpose. St3 steel is becoming increasingly widespread. It is used in the manufacture of a fairly wide range of designs, but most people know it as a material for making pipes for heat supply systems. As part of this material, we will look at the features and characteristics of steel 3.

Main details

St3 steel is currently one of the most in demand due to its operational features. It is most widespread in the industry of manufacturing pipes for heating systems, as well as many other items for everyday use.

Galvanized circle made of steel St3

In most cases, St3 steel is classified as ordinary quality carbon steel.

Chemical composition of steel St3

The area of ​​use and functionality of each type of steel is determined by its chemical composition, since it determines the specific properties of the material, as well as the potential difficulties of heat treatment.

Due to its chemical composition, this type of steel is the most widespread on the market, and many construction works cannot be imagined without its use. The main chemical properties in this case can be identified as follows:

• Iron concentration is 97%, carbon concentration ranges from 0.14 to 0.22%. The hardness of the structure, as well as some of the physical properties, is determined precisely by the carbon content in the material.
• A small amount of alloying elements, namely chromium and nickel. Their concentration does not exceed 0.3%. Copper is added to this brand in the same percentage.

The main requirement for the production of this type of steel is the organization of a strict system for controlling the concentration of harmful impurities, which means phosphorus and sulfur. Excessive amounts of nitrogen should also be avoided.

St3 grade steel is a mandatory material for the construction and construction of above-ground and underground communications, production of transport, as well as various machine tools.

The most important element in the manufacture of st3 is deoxidation, which means the removal of oxygen from the molten raw material, on which the mechanical and physical properties of the alloy will directly depend.

Depending on deoxidation, st3 is divided into the following categories:

• Calm. Aluminum, silicon and manganese are used for deoxidation.

• Boiling. Only manganese is used for deoxidation.

• Semi-calm. Use of aluminum and manganese for deoxidation.

The properties of the ST3 steel alloy are presented in table form.

09G2S - scope

Products made from steel 09G2S are used for the production of structures for various purposes. This is facilitated by high strength, which allows the use of thinner structural components. That is, where the thickness of the material from ordinary steel is 5 mm, then from low-alloy steel it will be 1.5 - 2 times less, and we must remember that the cost of these different steels is approximately the same.

The characteristics inherent in the 09G2S alloy make it possible to use it in the manufacture of parts and assemblies that will operate in the temperature range from -70 to +450 degrees Celsius. Weldability, which is significantly higher in comparison with other steels, makes it possible to create complex engineering structures used in shipbuilding, mechanical engineering, and railway transport. After certain types of heat treatment, this steel is used for the production of pipeline fittings. By the way, the ability of this steel to operate at temperatures of -70 degrees made it possible to use pipes made from this material for transporting hydrocarbons in the north of our country.

This steel, with its high weldability and excellent mechanical parameters, is ideal for the production of shaped products, such as beams or channels. In addition, this steel is used to produce components for the machine tool industry, transport, construction and chemical industries.

In construction, a square pipe made of 09G2S steel is widely used. Various fences are made from it, including decorative ones, advertising structures and small architectural forms are erected. This material also plays an important role in the production of boiler equipment, most of which is made from it.

It should be noted that the use of structures made of 09G2S steel allows the functioning of municipal facilities, transport systems, and industrial complexes located in regions with a harsh northern climate. For example, products such as flanges are in wide demand. Experience shows that 09G2S steel is the optimal material for their production. The fact is that they can be used both indoors and when working at various temperatures, including low ones.

The wide applicability of 09G2S steel and its analogues is explained not only by its exceptional technological properties, but, from the point of view of cost reduction, for the production of specific products. In fact, structures welded from this material are easier to process, have less weight and have good strength and wear resistance parameters.

Physical properties

Currently, the scope of use of St3 steel is constantly expanding. Already now, the basis for a huge number of workpieces is precisely this type of steel. This is largely due to mechanical properties, among which are:

• Yield strength;
• Temporary resistance;
• Relative extension;
• Impact strength.
• Tensile strength.

At the same time, the following most important technical characteristics are also highlighted:

• Hardness 131 MPa.
• Heterogeneous density;
• No restrictions on weldability;
• No tendency to temper brittleness.

It is these technical characteristics that determine the active use of St3 steel in the construction industry.

Decoding the brand

The specifics of decoding any grade of metal are determined by the relevant regulatory documents, as well as GOSTs. For example, according to GOST 380, the following types of metal are available: steel St3SP, St3PS and St3KP.

Indexes are mandatory for any marking. This is an important note for the preparation of any documentation and descriptions in this type of activity.

When deciphering a brand, the following principle should be used:

• St is a formal designation used to indicate the common quality of carbon steel.
• 3 – digital value showing the conventional number of the alloy grade. According to current accepted numbering rules, stamps from 0 to 6 can exist.
• G is a symbol that is not used in all markings. Indicates the presence of manganese impurities.
• Sp is the degree of deoxidation of the material. The most important parameter of steel grade. The additional designation “ps” means “semi-calm”, and “kp” means “boiling”.

It is worth noting that this particular approach to deciphering markings began to be used relatively recently after the introduction of new standards. Before this, other approaches were used to create steel markings, which were additionally divided into various groups.

Characteristics of steel grade St 37-2

Hot-rolled and normalizing structural steel grade St37-2 according to DIN 17100 – “Steels for general construction purposes. Quality Standard" is a structural alloy intended for general use. This type of steel belongs to the class of unalloyed alloys of ordinary quality with a minimum tensile strength of 37 kgf/m2 (or 360 MPa) - to the 2nd quality group. The standard is outdated and most suppliers offer an analogue of S235JR steel according to the EN 10025-2:2004 standard.

Features of processing steel with mechanical tools

One of the most important aspects of drawing up the correct technological process for processing parts made from ST3 is the choice of cutting modes and the choice of the right tool.

For turning and milling, a cutting tool is used, which is made of hard alloys VK8, T5K10. Taps and dies can also be used, which are made from P18 and P6M5. When cutting threads by hand, it is recommended to use castor oil, which will greatly simplify the process.

Depending on the type of processing, as well as the available technical parameters of the machine equipment, a specific choice of processing speed is made.

Total information

Use of St3 steel

Deoxidation is a key factor for this grade of steel. Depending on it, specific possible operating conditions and processing features of a given metal are determined. The chemical and physical properties of the metal will deteriorate as the total amount of oxygen increases.

Steel can also be classified depending on its silicon content:

• Boiling. Silicon level not less than 0.05%.
• Semi-calm. Silicon levels range from 0.05% to 0.15%.
• Calm. Silicon level is above 0.15%.

During the production of boiling steel, additional gas saturation occurs. However, such steel is classified as non-deoxidized, and therefore is less valued.

The quiet variety of steel has the highest final cost. This is explained by the fact that it is this type of steel that undergoes the most thorough purification from oxygen to ensure the greatest hardness and strength. As a result, this metal is most resistant to negative environmental influences.

Angles made of steel St3

The quiet version of this steel is used to create rolled sheets, railway elements, suspended structures, fittings, and pipelines.

At the same time, the semi-quiet variety of steel contains about 1% oxygen. It is characterized by less hardness and ductility than the calm variety, but has also become quite widespread. It is necessary for the production of pipes with different diameters and wall thicknesses, hexagons, angles and squares of load-bearing structures, as well as sheet metal.

Features of ST3 production

All chemical and physical properties of the finished material will be determined by the components that are included in the composition, and therefore largely depend on the technologies used in the production of the alloy.

The basis of the steel alloy is ferrite, which is a component of iron-carbon alloys. At its core, this element is a solid solution of carbon and alloying components. This alloy is also infused with carbon to increase its strength.

Phosphorus, sulfur and their derivatives are considered harmful impurities, since they impair the ductility of the alloy and also increase its brittleness when exposed to cold.

Advantages and disadvantages of ST3 steel

The main strengths of this steel grade are:

• Excellent weldability under any heat treatment.

• Possibility of obtaining a large variation in mechanical properties.

• Low cost with a large number of operating options.

• Possibility of hardening using high-frequency current.

• No tendency to temper brittleness.

The main disadvantage, which is inherent in all such carbon analogues, is the increased susceptibility to corrosion. Other disadvantages include the impossibility of using the alloy in northern climates, as well as increased fragility due to its coarse or medium-grained structure.

The demand for boiling alloys is explained by their high availability, since they have the lowest price, and their structure is easiest to further process. Thus, if it is necessary to use active heat treatment, this variety will be the most suitable, although it is worth considering its reduced performance characteristics due to high oxygen levels.

The closest equivalents (analogues) of steel St 37-2