How to choose an electric chisel. electric chisel

An electric chisel is a relatively new tool on the domestic market, which is known to many as a pneumatic or electric scraper. Although the main purpose of the device is to process parts made of wood, its technical capabilities allow the electric chisel to be used for working with materials such as plastic and even aluminum.

Examples of using an electric chisel

Features of working with electric chisels

For those who have held a regular chisel in their hands at least once in their life, working with an electric analogue will seem simply incredible.
The role of the master is only to ensure the correct direction of movement of the cutting blade, ensuring the requirements of the part drawing. Applying excessive pressure may damage the instrument. The force that the reciprocating mechanism of the device creates is quite sufficient for it to perform its direct functions. This also applies to Makita-type units, which use an oscillatory movement of the tool.

It is necessary to pay special attention to the fact that this segment of electrical equipment is not intended for professional use. Therefore, when working with electric chisels, it is necessary to observe a gentle operating mode, taking breaks between operations to cool the drive

Otherwise, failure simply cannot be avoided. Fortunately, this does not apply to the Makita 50 dtm 50 RFJX 4 products belonging to the professional segment.

Using the tool

Determining the necessary cutter for a CNC machine
An electric chisel, which is often called an electric scraper, multi-cutter or electric chisel, combines the functions of a regular chisel for woodworking and a woodworking machine, which allows you to perform various works with products made of wood. Such equipment makes it possible to carry out very small work, while, unlike a manual chisel for woodworking, it has high productivity. This electric tool, which can be easily manipulated due to its light weight, allows you to perform the following operations with high efficiency:

scrape off a layer of material from the surface of wooden parts or perform fragmentary removal;
carry out wood carving, even very small;
remove old coating, glue residues and various fillers from the surface to be treated.

Carving a wooden figurine with an electric chisel

What is convenient, a multi-cutter or electric scraper, due to the ability to adjust the power, allows you to perform both rough processing, when it is necessary to remove a fairly thick layer of material from the surface of the product, as well as finishing work and fine wood carving, when the layer of material removed is insignificant.

Electric chisels are represented on the modern market by many models from well-known manufacturers: Bosch PMF 180T, Skil 7720 MA, Dexter 250 W, etc. All such devices, regardless of their power, work on the same principle: a tool that is fixed in the front part devices, a reciprocating movement is reported, performed with high frequency; By carrying out such movements, the tool effectively removes a layer of material from the surface being processed, effectively turning into a multi-cutter. All manipulations are performed manually, which is not difficult, since the electric scraper is very light in weight and is equipped with a comfortable handle for the operator.

Using an electric chisel when caulking a log house

Features and Specifications

Electric chisels produced by modern manufacturers, including equipment from Bosch, as well as the electric scraper model Skil 7720, have a similar design, which includes the following components:

body made of durable plastic and equipped with a comfortable handle;
electric tool power button and speed control;
a signal element indicating the blocking of the equipment as well as the selected speed of its operation;
a special socket that ensures quick change and reliable fixation of the working tool.

Components of the Bosch PMF 190E multicutter

It is no coincidence that the electric chisel also has another name - multi-cutter, because the standard set of such a device includes several different types of working tools. So, for example, the set of the popular electric multi-tool model Skil 7720 has:

steel knives 60 mm wide - 5 pieces;
wide (60 mm) spatulas, also made of steel - 3 pieces;
flat-type steel cutters with a blade width of 15 mm - 2 pieces;
universal steel scraper blades 35 mm wide - 5 pieces.

Having such a rich set of working tools, any specialist or home craftsman can use an electric chisel to effectively solve a wide variety of tasks.

Multifunctional tool Skil 7720 with a set of various attachments

As an example, you can also consider the characteristics of the electrical equipment of the popular Skil 7720 model, which make it possible to understand how wide the technical capabilities a device of this type has:

power consumed by the device - 250 W;
platform working stroke - 2.2 mm;
3 operating speeds with oscillation frequency respectively: 6500/8500/9500 kol/min;
acoustic pressure value - 81 dB;
acoustic power value - 92 dB;
the level of vibration created by the device is 12.7 m/s2.
tool weight - 1.2 kg.

The convenience and efficiency of using the electric multi-cutter model Skil 7720 is also ensured by the fact that it is equipped with a special device that allows you to quickly and without the use of additional devices replace the working tool. The electric chisel of this model has the option of additional feed of the tool forward, which also makes the use of this device more convenient and efficient.

Electric chisel device

Recommendations for working with the tool

Wood carving chisel: types of tools and DIY methods

To ensure efficient operation of the electric chisel, it is necessary to follow a number of simple recommendations during its operation. You can install wide spatulas supplied with the electric chisel into the device only if you plan to process soft materials. These spatulas are designed to perform the following types of work:

Treatment of glass and plastic surfaces, cleaning them from traces of paint, plaster, silicone, plaster.
Elimination of uneven surfaces of soft wood products, cleaning them of sealant and glue residues.

Wide steel knives are intended for use on hard surfaces only. They are not suitable for processing wood or aluminum products. These knives can be used to perform the following jobs:

Cleaning hard surfaces of sealant, adhesive, and mortar residues.
Elimination of unevenness on hard surfaces.

An electric chisel will do an excellent job of cleaning door and window structures. But to effectively perform such work, it is recommended to use an electric chisel equipped with a 35 mm wide blade.

When using the tool, you must remember a number of restrictions that must be taken into account and observed:

It is prohibited to use an electric chisel to process asbestos surfaces. Exposure of such material to a device will inevitably lead to the generation of dust, which is carcinogenic and can cause great harm to health.
It is unacceptable to treat the working blade with solvents, otherwise during work they will begin to release harmful fumes into the air.
Before starting work, it is necessary to secure the workpiece well.
It is prohibited to use an electric chisel on wet surfaces, or to carry out work in rooms with high humidity.

To ensure a long service life of the device, it is necessary to maintain the working tool in good technical condition. To do this, after each operating cycle, you need to clean the body of the device and its ventilation holes from accumulated debris. It is recommended to store the tool in a place inaccessible to dust, dirt, and moisture. We should not forget that the multicutter is an electrical device, so you must carefully follow safety regulations.

In addition to its versatility, the electric chisel is very easy to use. This is facilitated not only by the presence of an ergonomic handle, but also by a simple mechanism for preparing the tool for work. Although we must not forget that an electric chisel can cause harm to health. After all, it is primarily an electrical device, and therefore requires appropriate handling. When carrying out various work, it is necessary to follow the general safety rules that apply to all other electrical tools.

Do not use the tool in conditions where the electric chisel could cause electric shock. To avoid such unpleasant consequences, you can only work with the tool in special protective clothing. It is also necessary to take into account that the electric chisel can not be used for processing all materials. Therefore, first of all, you need to find out about the properties of such products, otherwise it is best to refuse work.

Electric chisel

Bore indicator indicator 50 100

Until recently, practicing carpenters were forced to perform labor-intensive operations of roughing and finishing wood using ancient techniques, brute physical force and a hand chisel. The rapid development of household power tools has finally reached this section of woodworking assistants. At the moment, the market is widely represented by both foreign and domestic developments. Buying an electric chisel now will not be difficult.

Scope of application and operating principle

The electric chisel is developed on the basis of a widely used carpenter's tool, the conventional mechanical chisel. The trivial wooden handle was abolished and replaced with a modern electric drive. The result is a fairly compact, universal design with increased performance. Its low weight and dimensions allow it to perform both high-precision small work and rough removal of large layers of material, using it as a regular scraper. Wide settings of the power regulator ensure delicate removal of the processed material during artistic wood carving.

Regardless of the manufacturer and model of the device, the principle of operation is the same for all. For example, with the Skil 7720, the tool is driven by an electric drive, which provides high-frequency reciprocating movement of the actuator. The fleet of interchangeable blades is so diverse that it allows you to use the electric chisel for processing not only wooden structures, but also for working with plastic or aluminum products.

Engineers from Bosch and Makita were not satisfied with the result. They proposed and implemented a much more efficient cutting tool movement system. Bosch and Makita electric chisels were equipped with oscillatory-type actuator drives. The blades of the working attachments oscillate around their axis with a frequency of about 20 thousand cycles per minute at a rotation angle of 2.8 degrees. Replaceable nozzles are secured with threads. Before you buy a tool, the difference in the functionality of the two options, the translational Skil and the oscillating Makita, can be easily viewed on video on the Internet.

How to distinguish a renovator from an electric chisel?

In many practical guides, the renovator is declared to be an electric chisel with an expanded set of functions. Thanks to various attachments, the renovator can carry out full production and processing of grooves, scraping and a number of other technological transitions. For all this you have to pay a much higher price. In practice, the renovator will add a few features to the user. For example, if the household already has a portable grinder, then by purchasing additional attachments (and many models come with them initially), you can also scrape or cut grooves without using a renovator.

The main difference between a renovator and an electric chisel is the kinematics of the movements that are performed by the working tool during its operation. For an electric chisel, this is mainly chiselling - a shock operation repeated many times, while for a renovator, the main type of movement is considered to be kinematic cutting, with relatively small and higher-frequency vibrations. Thus, the renovator processes wood using the torque developed by the engine as energy, and the electric chisel uses the reciprocating movement of the working head, which occurs with a certain force.

The practical difference between the circuits of these power tools, which are very similar in purpose, lies in the power of the electric motor, and - most importantly - in the number of revolutions that they develop. If a high-speed engine is installed on the product, this is a renovator; if a low-speed engine is installed, this is a drive chisel.

Experts believe that at speeds of 2500 per minute and above, power cutting of wood becomes kinematic. In practice, this mode starts at 1800 per minute. Therefore, the criterion for choosing an electric chisel is often the number of engine revolutions, and not its power.

The range of additional attachments that come with the compared power tools also largely determines the main purpose of the product. With the predominance of wide nozzles and cutting circles, this is a renovator, if the kit includes nozzles of a relatively small cross-section - an electric chisel.

Electric chisel diagram and sequence of its operation

Structurally, the electric chisel is very simple and consists of the following components:

Electric motor (mainly direct current, powered by a battery).
Drive shaft equipped with a seat for replaceable tools
Cam-eccentric drive.
Return spring mechanism.
The housing on which the control system is mounted.

The tool works as follows. When the electric motor is turned on, the drive transmits high-frequency vibrations to the working head with the blade. When pressing on the workpiece, the surface is chiseled, while the resulting chips are continuously removed from the processing zone due to constant vibrations . Many designs of electric chisels allow you to change the chiselling mode - increase the blade stroke by reducing the frequency of reciprocating movements of the working head. This explains why electric chisels require the installation of DC drives: with such motors, changing the speed is much easier to solve, using a conventional switch.

What is an electric chisel and where is it used?

Nowadays, woodworkers mostly use hand chisels the old fashioned way, but devices have already appeared on the market that are designed to make woodworking easier. This is an electric chisel. It is a combination of a cutter and a small cutting machine. Some builders are familiar with this type of electrical device as a mechanical scraper. It works according to the jackhammer algorithm and, in addition to the main tool, has a set of cutters of various shapes, which can be changed depending on the work being performed. Nozzles can be semicircular, straight, angled and others. The fact that the chisel is electric does not in any way cancel out the constant maintenance of its cutters. They must be adjusted and sharpened as needed to function properly.

Models of electric chisels of various sizes are offered for purchase: from small to large. Small devices are convenient for performing miniature work, and large ones can be used to cut out large-scale figures, sometimes from an entire trunk.

Important! When using large electric chisels, you need to secure them so that excess material is not removed. Electric cutters are needed to carry out work on both soft and hard trees, as well as to correct growths on the trunk

Electric cutters are needed to carry out work on both soft and hard trees, as well as to correct growths on the trunk.

They help to do work faster and remove a significant part of the material in a short period of time. You don't have to work too hard.

The use of electric chisels, along with carpenters, is also recognized by carpenters, who have adapted the tool for removing floors or cutting grooves, as well as for other types of woodwork.

Typically, woodcarvers use an electric bench at the initial stage to carry out rough work. Smaller and more precise parts are cut with hand tools. In addition, electric chisels can be used to work on stone, plastic or other materials, but the cutters must be suitable for the type of material they are processing.

Due to the fact that an electric scraper, as an electric chisel is also called, has the ability to regulate power, you can choose the pace at which it is convenient to work with a particular material.

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The principle of operation of an electric chisel

So, you already understand, if you don’t have an electric chisel, you definitely need to buy it! Let's assume that the beliefs are over. Now let’s figure out what it is, an electric chisel?

At its core, it is a cross between a conventional chisel and a miniature woodworking machine. It works on the principle of a jackhammer - an air flow is used to set the working body in motion. The supercharger creates high pressure, the air presses on the cutter and forces it to move. The movement occurs according to the “back and forth” principle - when some of the air escapes, the pressure decreases, and the cutter returns to its original place. Then everything repeats again. The cutter moves at a high speed, which even the most skilled woodworker is unlikely to be able to develop. At the same time, the body of the electric chisel does not break or vibrate, so it does not burden your hands and you can work for quite a long time.

Cutters for electric chisels

The cutter of an electric chisel can have different shapes and sizes - just like ordinary chisels. But when using the electric option, only the cutter itself needs to be replaced, while manual work would require a whole set of different chisels. The shape of the incisor varies from straight to concave.

Often, electric chisels are equipped with a minimum set of cutters, so you have to purchase the required sizes and shapes. The choice of cutters depends on what kind of electric chisel you have - it’s better to buy cutters from the same company as the tool itself, in this case there is less chance of incompatibility. Of course, do not forget to look at the list of models for which these cutters are suitable; if your model is not there, you should not hope for luck. It is better to order the correct set from the same store and wait for it to arrive. This condition is true, of course, in cases where the instrument itself is of high quality and reliability.

It is best to buy both an electric chisel and cutters from trusted suppliers who value their customers and offer exclusively high-quality products. You should not look for a reliable tool in dubious stores and private sellers - the product may not only be of low quality, but also completely inoperative. Therefore, we don’t waste time and money and go to serious people to choose an electric chisel. Then your work will be a joy for you, and this is probably the main condition for success.

An electric chisel can find worthy use in a home craftsman’s arsenal. First of all, in the production of threads, grooves, conical and sloping planes on wooden workpieces. In terms of functionality, this woodworking tool, although inferior to newfangled renovators, is practically used no less often, and the low cost of equipment makes it accessible to many.

Security measures

As with any electromechanical equipment, safety precautions must be strictly followed when using an electrically powered chisel. The main rules are that it is necessary to protect your hands with work gloves, as well as your eyes, for which work glasses are used. The first thing you need to do when starting to work with an electric chisel is to fix the working tool in a special socket, which is done in the following sequence:

using a special locking switch located on the device body, you need to unlock the socket;
the tool required in this situation is inserted into the unlocked socket, with its cutting edge pointing down;
After installation, the socket is blocked, for which the locking switch is pulled forward.

After each processing cycle and removal of the working tool from the socket, its rod and the electric scraper itself must be thoroughly cleaned.

Cleaning the collet

To turn on the electric chisel, there is a special toggle switch on its body, with which the device is turned off. Only after turning on the device can you select the required processing speed, for which a special switch is also used on the equipment body. Work using any chisel with an electric drive, both equipment from Bosch and other manufacturers, and the Skil 7720 MA model, is performed in three speed modes:

with low moving speed - processing that requires high precision; at medium speed;
at high speed when processing must be completed in a minimum period of time.

There are no specific recommendations for choosing the speed of movement of the working tool; each master decides for himself what speed to choose, taking into account the characteristics of the surface being processed.

It is better to cut a groove in wood with a bimetallic segment saw blade at maximum vibration frequency

The algorithm for using an electric chisel is as follows.

The switched on device is brought to the surface to be treated and installed at a slight angle to it.
By applying slight pressure on the surface being treated with the working part, they begin to move it along it in the direction “away from you”.

When performing processing, you should not press the tool too hard on the surface being treated: this can lead to damage. The processing process using an electric chisel is well demonstrated in videos that are easy to find on the Internet.

Most models of scrapers or chisels equipped with an electric drive are intended for home use, so they are not designed for prolonged and intense loads, which can quickly damage the equipment. Therefore, when working with an electric chisel, you should not overload it; you need to periodically, after each processing cycle, give it time to cool. In addition, to ensure processing efficiency, you should regularly sharpen the working tool installed in the electric chisel.

Safety measures when using electric chisels and selection rules

An indispensable condition for safe operation of this power tool is securely securing the workpiece to a table or workbench. The vise clamps should be checked after each machining stop or the drive is turned off. Vibrations constantly operating during the chiselling process of wood lead to a decrease in the mechanical clamping force, as a result of which the semi-finished product can, firstly, cause injury to the worker, and, secondly, damage the workpiece. For some compact models of electric chisels, the manufacturer allows manual holding of the workpiece, but this is only possible for experienced home craftsmen, and with a relatively short processing time.

It should be noted that increased vibration levels are harmful to health. Therefore, working with an electric chisel should be alternated with breaks. Working with a discharged battery is not allowed, since the engine speed drops sharply, which is accompanied by a deterioration in the quality and productivity of chiselling.

Chiseling intensively wears out the working part of the blades, even if they are made of high-quality tool steels (U13, HVG, etc.). Therefore, before starting work, the tool is sharpened.

The eccentric drive of the tool operates under very difficult conditions, and therefore, to avoid jamming, it must be lubricated frequently.

The selection of a suitable electric chisel is made according to the following criteria:

By weight: as the weight of the tool increases, it is much more difficult for an untrained master to work with it.
From the set of proposed attachments: there should be at least 4…5 of them.
From the material of the nozzles (if the material is not specified in the user manual, or something like “high-quality steel” is written, then it is better to refuse the purchase).
Based on the declared versatility of the tool, the attachments offered for it should provide the ability to fully process not only wood, but also other materials.
From practically noticeable vibration during operation (tested in the store).

The price of electric chisels in most cases is not a selection criterion, since this tool is already significantly cheaper than the same renovators. Among the most reliable manufacturers of electric chisels are the Proxxon and Arbortex brands. Note that the drives installed in Arbortex products are more powerful, and, therefore, such electric chisels are more productive and functional. The issue price ranges from 4000...5000 rubles. (domestic products), up to 20,000 rubles. for electric chisels from Arbortex.

Electric chisel design

Structurally, the device is:

convenient plastic handle housing, which houses the electric drive of the tool;
power switch located on the surface of the housing;
operating mode and blocking indicator;
port for fixing replaceable nozzles.

The devices can be powered either from a 220 volt network or from batteries. Thus, the Makita DTM 50, unlike the BOSCH PMF 250 CES, is equipped with a replaceable 18-volt battery, which allows it to work autonomously at sites where there is no power supply.

Electric chisels also vary in size, which depends on the functional purpose of the tool. Thus, small Proxxons are used for minor work on cutting small grooves and precise fitting of structural elements. Electric scrapers of high power and size are used to process large-sized tree trunks.

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Tool classification

Electric chisels are grouped according to the type of attachments intended for different types of work.

Among them are the following options:

Flat is the most common type, equipped with a blade 6-30 mm wide. The blade is sharpened at an angle of 15-25°. Used for final finishing of workpieces.
Round – suitable for forming simple recesses and processing parts.
Oblique – a nozzle with a blade beveled at an angle of 45°. Such equipment is used when creating longitudinal recesses and initial finishing of elements.
Angular - V-shaped equipment with two blades for cutting recesses of the corresponding tuyere.
Semicircular – a nozzle for creating ornaments of varying complexity.
Cranberry - available in models with straight, inclined or rounded blades.
Caesars are a semicircular nozzle with a narrowed base. It is intended for the formation of thin recesses and ornamental details.