Occupational safety during welding work. Welding safety precautions.

Why is it important to follow labor safety rules in the welding area?

Welding work is considered dangerous and harmful for a reason. At welding sites, potential hazards are everywhere. These may be dangerous flammable substances, high temperatures of objects, flammable and explosive substances, or a fire. Therefore, labor protection during welding work plays a key role.

Safety rules and regulations for welding activities are established by adopting a local regulatory legal act at the enterprise or organization - the Labor Safety Instructions (hereinafter referred to as the Instructions). Depending on the specifics of the enterprise’s activities, there may be one general security instruction. If an enterprise has significant production volumes and combines several areas of activity, then there may be several instructions on labor protection, each for a separate area.

Occupational Safety and Health

INSTRUCTIONS

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR MANUAL

ELECTRIC ARC WELDING (FOR WORKERS)

1.1. Persons who have reached of 18 , who have undergone a preliminary medical examination, appropriate training, instruction and testing of safety knowledge with registration in a special journal, who have an electrical safety qualification group of at least II degree and an appropriate certificate are allowed to perform electric welding work.

1.2. a category of at least III are allowed to carry out steeplejack welding work at a height of more than 5 m from the surface of the ground or ceiling using a safety belt .

Women are not allowed to do this work, as well as work in confined spaces (wells, tunnels, inside pipelines, boilers, closed containers).

1.3. Welders who work in confined spaces or weld non-ferrous metals must undergo a medical examination with a chest x-ray, blood and urine tests once a year.

1.4. Welding at temporary workplaces can only be carried out with the written permission of the persons responsible for fire safety at this construction. And in confined and hard-to-reach spaces, near gas pipelines, in existing fire and gas hazardous workshops, workers who have undergone additional training, passed an exam and received a written permit may be allowed to cook.

1.5. You can only perform the work that has been assigned by your immediate superior (foreman, foreman) and provided that you know the safe methods for performing it. It is prohibited to carry out orders if they contradict the rules of occupational safety and health.

2.1. Before starting work, you must be briefed by your supervisor on the rules for the safe performance of specific work, study the working documentation, obtain protective equipment and, if necessary, a work permit, indicating where to attach the carabiner of the safety belt. Make sure that your workplace is equipped in accordance with the requirements of the work project and safety regulations.

2.2. The workplace should be fenced; If it is on the roadway or in aisles, install warning signs. Welding can be carried out no less than 10 m from gas cylinders, flammable and explosive acetylene generators.

2.3. Before performing work at a height of more than 1.3 m from the ground level of the floor or tier, you must make sure that the workplace is equipped with working scaffolding, a cradle or scaffolding with railings at least 1.1 m high and a side board 150 mm high; wooden handrails must be cut off, and metal ones must not have burrs, sharp edges, or uncleaned welds. Side boards must be installed on the deck, and railing elements must be attached to the posts from the inside.

2.4. To perform a small amount of work at a height of up to 3 m, you can use a special (assembly) ladder no more than 5 m long.

2.5. Work clothes and safety shoes must be put in order. The suit, mittens with leggings made of canvas canvas with combined impregnation must be intact, dry, and oil-free; boots with side fasteners, glued soles. Trousers - without cuffs, at the bottom - wear only untucked. Close the jacket pockets with flaps and tie the ends of the sleeves with ribbons. Cover your head with a regular headdress or, if necessary, a helmet with shoulder pads. When working on metal surfaces, use a rubber mat, knee and elbow pads lined with felt, and rubber galoshes.

2.6. The protective shield (or mask) must be free of cracks and crevices. Protective glass should be selected depending on the intended welding mode:

at a current of 60 - 15 A - S-5;

150 - 275 A - S-6;

275 - 350 A - S-7.

It is prohibited to use filters made by painting.

2.7. Remember that mittens, special clothing, safety shoes, a shield or mask and other protective equipment that have become unusable ahead of time must be promptly repaired or replaced intact and in good working order.

2.8. For work, you should use a lightweight and convenient standard electrode holder with an insulated handle, which ensures reliable clamping and quick change of electrodes without touching live parts, ensuring a strong connection with the welding wire.

2.9. Make sure there are fire extinguishing means near the workplace.

2.10. It is necessary to organize the workplace in such a way that there is at least 10 m for the wires between the power supply network and the mobile power source.

2.11. Make sure that the current source is technically sound, and there should be corresponding entries in its registration log. There should be no obvious damage to the device, the terminals should be covered with terminal boxes, etc.

2.12. The housing of the current source (including the unit for welding in field conditions, the terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer must be reliably grounded or grounded / solidly grounded in networks /. The grounding wire is copper with a cross-section of at least 6 mm2 (iron 12 mm2). If there is no standard grounding circuit, as grounding, you can use a steel pipe with a diameter of 37-50 mm or a strip with a thickness of more than 4 mm and a cross-section of 48-50 mm2, 1-2 m long, burying it in the ground and connecting a grounding wire to it. It is prohibited to use a grounding loop, railway .paths, process equipment, pipelines and other non-weldable structures as a return wire.

2.13. Reliably insulate the welding and return (“welding ground”) wires and ensure they are firmly connected to the terminals of the power source. Remember that the wires should not be intertwined with gas hoses and cables (the distance between them must be at least 1 m).

2.14. It is not allowed to connect or disconnect welding equipment to the network yourself, or to repair it. This work must be performed by electrical personnel.

2.15. Before working on used vessels, it is necessary to clarify what they were filled with. If it was a flammable liquid, you must require that the vessel be cleaned, washed with water and steamed, or washed with a caustic soda solution and then purged. Then, in all cases, the vessel must be filled with water to the maximum possible level, and all upper hatches and valves must be open.

2.16. Before putting into operation a unit driven by an internal combustion engine, check the serviceability and tension of the fan and regulator belts (the deflection between the generator and fan pulleys should be no more than 12-15 mm2, and between the fan and regulator pulleys - 10-12 mm2). It is strictly forbidden to work with the unit if the connection of the speed controller rod with the levers and the throttle valve is unreliable, the governor bracket is cracked or broken, the fastening of the fan hub to the water pump shaft is loose, as well as without a protective casing on the generator shield on the collector side.

Fuel can only be poured into the tank when the engine is not running. You need to check for fuel leaks from the tank and gas line.

2.17. In places where the formation and accumulation of harmful gases is possible, ventilation must be installed or a respirator, gas mask, or hose gas mask (with air supply to the breathing zone) must be used.

2.18. It is strictly forbidden to start welding vessels under pressure.

2.19. Require that the metal be cleaned of paint, oil, dirt, and rust before welding.

2.20. Workplaces must be equipped, in addition to general lighting, with local lighting: stationary 36 V lighting and portable 12 V lighting.

3.1. Do not weld in open areas during rain, snow and thunderstorms.

3.2. Welding outdoors is permitted at temperatures below minus 30°C. Require heating options near work areas. It is not allowed to work at height when the wind force is 6, and when installing blind panels - 5, as well as when there is ice.

3.3. When welding in confined and hard-to-reach spaces, you must wear a safety belt with a safety rope, the other end of which is located at one of the workers at the control post with a qualification group of at least II. Control station workers must be trained to assist the welder in the event of an accident or malfunction. Workers at the control post must constantly monitor the work of the welder. The simultaneous work of electric and gas welders (gas cutters) in these conditions is prohibited. The welding installation must have an idle speed limiter that reduces the voltage on the holder to 12 V when the arc breaks. Work in such conditions should be carried out only with a permit and all the necessary protective equipment (dielectric galoshes, gloves, mat).

3.4. If you have to weld galvanized metal, it is necessary that the suction or blowing away of the smoke by the wind occurs to the side. It is recommended that before welding (15-20 minutes before) apply FP-Ts flux paste diluted in liquid glass in a ratio of 1:1 to the welded edges. Respirators (ShB-1 “Lepestok” and others) also protect against the effects of zinc oxide.

3.5. When working with another welder in the same cabin, it must be blocked off with shields. When working at different heights along the same vertical, it is necessary to install partitions that protect workers located below from metal splashes and from accidental falling of cinders and other objects.

Do not move welding machines that are energized.

4.1. When dealing with slag and metal splashes, only wear safety glasses with clear lenses.

4.2. Turn off the power source, disconnect from the source and remove the welding wire. Clean up the workplace and carefully check that there are no sources of fire.

4.3. Notify the foreman (foreman) about the completion of work, any malfunctions detected, and hand over the workplace to a replacement.

To be allowed into the site, an employee must

Meet all statutory qualification requirements.

Complete initial and introductory safety training and other necessary types of training.
Have sufficient skills in handling welding equipment, use it only for its intended purpose and with the knowledge of management.
Use personal protective equipment and keep it clean and in proper shape. It is not allowed to wear a jacket with an open collar, roll up the sleeves, or weld in oily clothing or mittens.
Be able to provide first aid to injured colleagues and other people until the medical team arrives.
Know how to use fire-fighting equipment in the event of a fire for its intended purpose. Know the signals of fire safety devices, ensure free access to fire safety equipment and emergency exits.
If you feel unwell or feel unwell, stop working, consult a doctor, and immediately inform your immediate supervisor. If your colleagues are not feeling well, you should immediately inform the doctors, provide first aid if necessary, and inform management. The employee must know the location of the first aid kit, know its contents and be able to use it in practice.
Clean the welding machine at least once a month.
Ensure that at the welding site there is a special partition made of fireproof material with a height of at least two meters, the distance between the floor and the walls must be at least 50 mm.
In the event of a technical malfunction of equipment or wiring, immediately inform your immediate supervisor.
Comply with internal labor regulations.
Ground the electric welding installation.

Install identification marks for the welding location or mark them in another visible way.
Degrease surfaces with special non-flammable solutions. Do not use kerosene, gasoline or other flammable substances.
Do not use equipment whose operating instructions are not familiar to you.
Maintain rules for storing hazardous substances.
Maintain cleanliness and order in the welding area during all working hours, do not clutter the workplace with garbage and waste.
Undergo a medical examination in accordance with the established procedure.
Carry out only the assigned task, do not allow arbitrary operation of the equipment.
Do not use faulty equipment.
Operate devices in a safe manner.
Transport gas cylinders only on special carts, avoiding sudden shocks.
Is sober at work. If you identify colleagues, people in a state of alcoholic, drug or toxic intoxication, or drinking alcoholic beverages, immediately stop them from performing work, ensure their removal from the work site and report to superiors.
Do not eat food at your workplace.
Bear responsibility for failure to comply with safety regulations (disciplinary, civil, administrative, criminal).

General provisions

1.1. Persons who have reached the age of 18, are recognized as suitable for this work by a medical commission, have undergone special training in safe methods and techniques of work, and have a qualification group in electrical safety of at least II are allowed to perform electric welding work.

1.2. A manual electric welder who is hired must undergo an introductory briefing on labor protection, industrial sanitation, fire safety, techniques and methods of providing first-aid to victims, must be familiarized with the working conditions, rights and benefits for working in harmful and dangerous conditions. labor, on rules of conduct in case of accidents.

1.3. Before starting work directly at the workplace, a manual electric welder must undergo initial instruction on safe methods of performing work.

About the conduct of introductory briefings and briefings at the workplace, appropriate entries are made in the Logbook for registration of introductory briefings on labor protection issues and the Logbook for registration of briefings on labor safety issues.

In this case, the signatures of both the one who was instructed and the one who instructed are required.

1.4. An electric welder who is hired, after initial instruction, must undergo an internship for 2-15 shifts (depending on length of service, experience and the nature of the work) under the guidance of an experienced qualified electric welder for manual welding, who is appointed by order (instruction) of the enterprise.

1.5. The electric welder must undergo repeated instruction on the rules and techniques for safe work:

– periodically, at least once a quarter;

– with unsatisfactory knowledge of labor protection no later than one month;

– in connection with an incident of injury or violation of labor protection requirements that did not lead to injury.

1.6. A manual electric welder must work in special clothing and special footwear provided for by the Standard Industry Standards: a canvas suit or suit for a welder, canvas gloves, leather boots.

On external robots in winter: cotton jacket and trousers with insulated padding, felt boots.

1.7. Workplaces must be provided with inventory barriers, protective and safety devices, and have sufficient lighting. If necessary, use a serviceable portable lamp with a voltage no higher than 42 V, and when working in boilers, tanks, wells - no higher than 12 V.

The illumination of the workplace must be at least 50 lux.

1.8. The electric welder must keep the workplace tidy and clean throughout the working day, and not block the passages to it with materials and structures.

1.9. It is prohibited to carry out external electric welding work on scaffolds during a thunderstorm, ice, fog, or with a wind force of 15 m/sec or more.

1.10. Place the electric welding installation so that free access to it, convenience and safety during work are ensured.

When using several welding installations simultaneously, they must be installed no closer than 350 mm from one another, and the width of the passages between them must be at least 800 mm.

1.11. The electric welding installation must be connected to the mains only using a starting device.

It is prohibited to feed the welding arc directly from power and lighting electrical networks.

The length of the wires between the power supply network and the mobile unit should not exceed 10 m.

The cable (electrical wiring) should be placed at a distance of at least 1 m from the oxygen and acetylene pipelines.

1.12. The distance from the place where electric welding work is carried out to the place where the gas generator, gas cylinders and flammable materials are installed must be at least 10 m.

1.13. It is prohibited to store flammable materials and explosive substances in welding rooms.

1.14. In enclosed spaces and inside containers, the electric welder must work with supply and exhaust ventilation.

The simultaneous work of an electric welder and a gas welder (gas cutter) inside a closed container or reservoir is prohibited.

1.15. Workplaces when several electric welders are working in one room should be fenced with light-proof shields (screens) made of fire-resistant material with a height of at least 1.8 m.

1.16. Carrying out electric welding work at height from scaffolding and other means of lifting is permitted only after the foreman has checked their strength and stability, as well as after taking measures to prevent the decking from catching fire, the fall of molten metal and electrode stubs on workers or people passing nearby.

The use of random supports is prohibited.

1.17. The electric welder, if necessary, must descend into trenches (pits) using stepladders and cross ditches and trenches using transition bridges.

1.18. The electrode holder must be factory-made, lightweight, provide reliable clamping and quick change of electrodes without touching conductive parts, and be in good working order.

The handle must be made of heat-insulating dielectric material. It is prohibited to use electrode holders with a lead wire to the handle at a current strength of 600 A or more, as well as hand tools that have:

– potholes, splitting of working ends;

– hangnails and sharp ribs in places where the hand is pinched;

– cracks and chips on the back of the head.

1.19. Do not wipe parts with gasoline or kerosene before welding.

1.20. It is necessary to ensure that hands, shoes and clothes are always dry.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, the electric welder must:

2.1.1. Put on overalls, safety shoes, and fasten the sleeve cuffs. In this case, the jacket should not be tucked into the trousers, and the trousers should be pulled out over the boots.

2.1.2. Obtain personal protective equipment that must be used as intended:

— electric welder’s shield – for protection from splashes of molten metal, from the effects of electric arc rays;

— warning belt – when working at height, inside a container;

- hose gas mask - for working inside closed containers in the presence of aerosol, gas, dust;

- a helmet with two- and three-layer liners - to protect the head from falling objects;

- asbestos and canvas sleeves - for protection against splashes of molten metal during ceiling welding;

— safety glasses with light filter grades “B”, “G”.

2.1.3. Inspect and organize the workplace and the passages near it; the floor in the workplace must be dry.

2.1.4. Check the insulation of the welding wires, make sure that the electric welding installation is grounded and that all contacts are securely connected.

2.1.5. Make sure that there are no flammable or combustible materials near the welding site.

2.2. It is prohibited to carry out welding work in pressure vessels.

2.3. Before welding begins, parts (structures) must be securely fastened.

2.4. It is prohibited to leave the electrode holder unattended under voltage, or to work when the welding machine, welding wires, electrode holder or helmet-mask (shield) are faulty.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. Work in closed containers must be carried out by at least two workers, one of whom must be outside the welding container to monitor the safe performance of work by the welder. This worker must have a qualification group of at least III for this type of work.

An electric welder who works in the middle of a tank must have a warning belt with a rope attached to it, the second end of which, at least 2 m long, must be in the hands of another worker located outside the tank.

Portable lighting in the middle of the container should have a voltage of no more than 12 V.

When welding in the middle of boilers and tanks, the electric welder, in addition to special clothing, is required to use dielectric gloves, galoshes, carpets, and a helmet to protect the head.

3.2. When carrying out electric welding work at height, the electric welder must use a bag for electrodes and a box for cinders.

It is prohibited to scatter cinders.

3.3. The welding machine must be connected to the power supply through an individual switch using a wire of the appropriate cross-section in accordance with the operating instructions for the welding machines. In this case, the distance between the welding machine and the wall must be at least 0.5 m.

Only electricians should connect and disconnect electric welding installations from the electrical network, as well as repair them. Electric welders are prohibited from performing these operations.

3.4. Work in particularly hazardous areas must be carried out only after receiving a work permit, if the device has an electrical lock that ensures automatic shutdown of the welding circuit when replacing the electrode during idle operation.

3.5. When welding on ceilings, it is necessary to use asbestos or canvas oversleeves; when welding non-ferrous metals and alloys that contain zinc, copper, lead - respirators with a chemical filter and carry out work only with local suction running.

3.6. Prohibited:

– cutting and welding metal by weight;

– carry out welding work from stepladders.

3.7. When performing welding work, it is necessary to cover your face with a shield with light filters to protect your eyes and face from the rays of an electric arc, as well as splashes of molten metal.

3.8. When carrying out electric welding work directly on a car, the electric welder must first ground the frame or body of the car. If welding is carried out directly near the fuel tank, cover it with a sheet of iron or asbestos to prevent sparks.

3.9. Before carrying out welding work on a gas-cylinder (gas-diesel) car, the gas must be released, and the cylinders must be purged with inert gas and the foreman must be informed about this.

3.10. Welding when repairing containers for fuels and lubricants should be carried out after treating them with a 15-20% solution of caustic soda or blowing with dry steam, followed by checking the contents of hazardous substances in the containers using a gas analyzer.

Welding should be carried out with the covers open.

3.11. An electric welder is prohibited from:

– look for yourself and allow others to look at the electric welding arc without protective glasses or shields;

– work with a shield, glasses that have gaps and cracks;

– work on electrical equipment with exposed wires and exposed conductive parts;

– connect several electric welding units in series to the grounding conductor.

3.12. The welding unit should be grounded before connecting it to the electrical network.

Metal parts of welding installations that are not live during operation must be grounded.

Above the terminals of welding transformers there should be visors and inscriptions: “High side”, “Low side”.

3.13. It is prohibited to block access and passages to fire-fighting equipment, fire extinguishers and hydrants.

3.14. Welding installations must be disconnected from the network while they are moving.

3.15. The use of electric welding wires with damaged braiding or insulation is prohibited.

The cores of the welding wires should be connected by crimping, welding, soldering or special clamps (with a mandatory power outage).

3.16. It is prohibited to use the grounding loop of sanitary network pipes (water supply, gas pipeline, etc.), metal structures of buildings and technological equipment as a return wire.

3.17. The open-circuit voltage of welding power sources should not exceed the maximum values specified in the welding equipment passport.

3.18. The electric welder must immediately report all cases of broken wires, malfunction of grounding devices and other damage to electrical equipment to the foreman.

4. Safety requirements after completion of work

4.1. Upon completion of work, the electric welder must:

– disconnect the electric welding installation from power sources;

– turn off the ventilation.

4.2. Put your workplace, equipment, tools and devices in order.

Put the wires and tools in the designated place or put them in the storeroom.

4.3. Take off overalls and safety shoes, clean them of dust and other dirt and put them in the designated place for storage and change clothes. Then wash your face and hands with warm water and soap or take a shower.

4.4. Inform the foreman about the completion of the work and about any problems during the work.

What hazards exist on the site?

Splashes of molten metal flying off during welding. Hot pieces can get into exposed areas of the body and eyes. If welding is carried out at a certain height, then splashes and sparks fly down, break into oncoming objects, and scatter in large diameters. Therefore, everyone needs to use only special clothing and shoes, protective shields, glasses, gloves, an apron, and at the construction site - a safety helmet.

High temperature of the arc (about 4000 degrees), gas cutter, and other objects. The danger comes from things heated to a high temperature, which may outwardly appear cold.
Harmful gases and aerosols. Welding aerosols are mixtures of various chemicals released during the welding process. The composition of the mixtures varies depending on the type and method of welding. The most harmful are zinc, chromium, silicon, and nitric oxide. Aerosols can cause poisoning, so welding areas must be well ventilated, and the welder must wear a special protective mask or respirator.
Ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation can cause skin burns of varying severity and eye inflammation.
Uneven surfaces of various objects and workpieces, sharp burrs, roughness.
High voltage electric current in the circuit.
Poor or non-functional ventilation.
Large accumulation of toxic dust released during welding. Manganese oxides, chromium and silicon compounds can cause damage to the nervous system, liver, blood and lungs.
Intense noise when using plasma arc cutting.
Radiant energy from arc welding is visible light radiation that can cause severe pain and tears in unprotected eyes.
Possibility of injury from interacting with equipment.
Insufficient or, on the contrary, too bright illumination.
Explosion hazard.
Welding at height.
Mental overload.

Labor protection requirements before welding work

The welder is obliged:

Receive an order to perform a specific welding task.

Provide yourself with personal and collective protective equipment and check their serviceability.
Wear clean, oil-free special clothing and shoes, avoiding exposed areas of the body and hair.
Check the workplace directly: clean it of dust, dirt and debris. Do not block exits with debris. The floor at the welder's workplace must be clean and dry.
Make sure that there are no gas cylinders, unwashed containers of already used flammable materials, paint, or other flammable substances nearby. If there are any, then you need to ensure that they are at least 10 meters away from the workplace.
Make sure that the welding machine is in good working order, that the grounding is reliable, that the electrical wiring is properly insulated, that the welding circuit is intact, and that the starting device is in good working order.
Check the reliability of fixation of the elements to be welded.

Turn on ventilation
Provide a partition or special protective screen.
Clean the edges from slag and rust.
Ensure proper functioning of the welding unit.
Use mats that protect against moisture when welding fixed pipe joints.
Check the presence of water, sand or a fire extinguisher at the work site.
If tanks containing flammable substances are to be welded, they must be thoroughly washed and dried.
If welding of car frame elements is to be done, then the body must be grounded and the fuel tank must be removed.
The generator should be placed in a warm place if the temperature is below zero.

General requirements

1. Persons who have reached the age of 18, are recognized as fit for this work by a medical commission, have undergone special training in safe methods and techniques for performing work, have been given instructions on labor safety and tested their knowledge of electrical safety, and have a qualification certificate are allowed to perform electric welding work.

2. Anyone entering work must undergo introductory training on labor safety, industrial sanitation, provision of first aid, fire safety, environmental requirements, working conditions and initial training at the workplace, about which entries must be made in the appropriate journals with the obligatory signature of the person being instructed and the person instructing . Every year, the electric welder must be tested on his knowledge of safety requirements with proper documentation of protocols.

3. Women are not allowed to carry out electric welding work inside containers (boilers, tanks, tanks).

4. The welder is obliged to perform only the work that is permitted by the administration, and provided that the safe methods of performing it are known to him, and have at least II qualification group in safety.

5. Workplaces are provided with tested inventory fences, protective and safety devices, devices, and must have sufficient lighting. If necessary, use a serviceable portable lamp with a voltage not exceeding 42 V, and when working in boilers, tanks, wells, etc. - no higher than 12 V.

6. The electric welder must keep the workplace tidy and clean throughout the working day, and not block it and the passages to it with materials and structures.

7. When working at height, he must use a proven safety belt.

8. It is prohibited to carry out external electric welding work on scaffolding during a thunderstorm, ice, fog, or with a wind force of 15 m/sec or more.

9. Place the electric welding installation so that free access to it, convenience and safety during work are ensured.

When several welding installations are operating simultaneously, they should be placed at a distance of at least 0.35 m from one another.

10. Connect the electric welding installation to the electrical network only using a starting device.

It is prohibited to feed the welding arc directly from power and lighting electrical networks.

The length of the wires between the power supply network and the mobile unit should not exceed 10 m.

The cable (electrical wiring) should be located at a distance of at least 1 m from the oxygen and acetylene pipelines.

11. The distance from the place of electric welding work to the installation site of the gas generator, gas cylinders and flammable materials must be at least 10 m.

12. It is prohibited to store flammable materials and explosive substances in welding rooms.

13. In enclosed spaces and inside containers, the electric welder must work with supply and exhaust ventilation.

The simultaneous work of an electric welder and a gas welder (gas cutter) inside a closed container or reservoir is prohibited.

14. Workplaces when several electric welders are working in one room or on large-sized parts should be fenced with light-proof shields (screens) made of fireproof material with a height of at least 1.8 m.

15. Electric welding work at a height of more than 1 m should be carried out only from fenced scaffolding or scaffolding with the permission of the foreman (foreman).

It is prohibited to use unreliable, random supports for scaffolding.

16. You should go down into trenches (pits) using stepladders or ladders, cross ditches and trenches using transition bridges.

17. Inventory lamps for illuminating the workplace should be installed so that there is no glare from the light flux.

18. The electric welder must receive individual safety devices, the use of which is permitted only after special instructions:

- electric welder's shield - for protection from splashes of molten metal, from the effects of electric arc rays;

— safety belt — when working at height, inside a container;

- hose gas mask or breathing machine - for working inside closed containers in the presence of aerosol, gas, dust;

- a helmet with two- and three-layer liners - to protect the head from falling objects;

- dielectric gloves, galoshes and a mat - for working with power tools in damp areas;

- asbestos and canvas sleeves - for protection against splashes of molten metal during ceiling welding;

— safety glasses with light filters grades “V”, “G” (GOST 12.4.013-85).

19. The electric holder must be factory-made, lightweight, provide reliable clamping and quick change of electrodes without touching live parts, and have a visor that protects the welder’s hand.

The handle must be made of heat-insulating dielectric material. It is prohibited to use electric holders with a lead wire in the handle at a current strength of 600 A or more, as well as hand tools that have:

— potholes, chipped working ends;

— burrs and sharp edges in places where the hand is pinched;

— cracks and chips on the back of the head.

20. Do not wipe parts with gasoline, kerosene, etc. immediately before welding.

21. It is necessary to ensure that hands, shoes and clothes are always dry.

22. Only a trained electric welder who has the appropriate certificate can operate hand-held mechanized tools, as well as engage lifted materials with lifting mechanisms.

Requirements for labor protection during welding work

It is not allowed to place flammable substances near the welder’s workplace. Materials subject to combustion must be within five meters of the workplace, explosive, flammable substances - no closer than ten meters.
The welder cannot repair or turn equipment on or off. This is entrusted to electricians. The welder only monitors the serviceability of the device.
Gas cylinders should not be located closer than five meters from heat sources.
The welder carries out work outdoors during rain or snow only under special fireproof canopies.
Welding of closed tank structures must be carried out by three welders. One is located directly inside the tank, two should be outside for insurance. The welder inside must be wearing a special belt with a rope, which the other welders must hold on top. These structures should not contain harmful gases or other substances that adversely affect welders.
12W lamps are used as artificial lighting in welding areas.
You only need to clean slag from welding seams with a special metal brush and safety glasses.
It is necessary to weld elements located at height only if scaffolding is available.
If welding is carried out in dangerous, enclosed spaces, or in rooms at depth, then it is necessary to use devices that automatically turn off when the electrode with the part being welded is disconnected.
The gearbox valve opens smoothly, without jerking. You need to stand on the side opposite to the direction of the gas. There should be no strangers in front of the jet.
If there is a long break in work activity, the valve on the oxygen cylinder must be closed.
If the cutter overheats, you need to stop working and cool the cutter in a container of cold water.

Responsibilities of an electric gas welder before starting work

Before starting work, the welder is required to receive an assignment from the work manufacturer and instructions at the workplace.

It is necessary to check work clothing, protective equipment and gloves and make sure that they do not have unacceptable damage or defects, and that they are free of traces of oils, grease, gasoline, kerosene and other flammable liquids.

Work clothes should not have any fluttering parts, the jacket should be worn untucked, buttons fastened, sleeve cuffs buttoned or tied up, trousers worn over boots, a helmet should be fastened to the chin strap, and hair should be tucked under the helmet.

After receiving the task, the electric welder is obliged to:

- make sure that all rotating parts are securely protected, the devices are grounded and accessible for inspection and operation;

-check the availability and serviceability of tools (hammer, chisel or cross-messel for breaking slag, steel brush, templates, stamp);

-check the serviceability and compliance of the portable lamp, as well as the availability of general lighting at the workplace and on the approaches to it;

-check the condition of decking, fences, side boards on scaffolding, scaffolding directly at the site of electric welding work; (when working at height)

- inspect and, if necessary, clear passages, remove all flammable and combustible materials within a radius of 5 m from the site of electric welding work;

-check the presence of screens and protective flooring;

-check that the welded parts are free of paint, oil, etc. to prevent air pollution by vapors and gases;

-test the operation of local ventilation when carrying out electric welding work in conditions requiring its use (boiler drums, ducts, tanks, etc.);

- make sure that the switch to turn off the power source is located near the work;

- inspect the welding wires, which must be reliably insulated and, where necessary, protected from high temperatures, mechanical damage, chemical influences, not intertwined with each other and not run together with other welding wires or electrical power supply wires and flame treatment hoses;

Welding cables should be connected by crimping, welding and soldering. Connecting cables to welding equipment must be done with crimped or soldered cable lugs.

The length of the primary circuit between the power point and the welding installation should be no more than 15 m.

After receiving the task, the gas welder is obliged to:

-check the serviceability of the pressure gauges installed on the gearbox;

- the presence of seals and other marks on the safety valves of balloon reducers;

- the presence of a serviceable gasket and filter on the inlet fitting of the oxygen reducer;

- make sure that all parts of the welding installation are in good condition, that the gas supply hoses are tightly and tightly connected to the torch (cutter) and reducers, and the reducer is connected to the cylinder, that the torch (cutter), reducer and hoses are in good working order, that there is sufficient suction in the injection equipment, that oxygen and fuel are supplied correctly gas to the burner (cutter);

- check the cylinders with which you are going to work for gas leaks by covering possible leak points with soap emulsion.

The length of hoses for gas welding and cutting should not exceed 30 m, and for installation work - 40 m.

-if the cylinder is faulty, it should be taken to a safe place and the gas carefully released from it.

Safety requirements during work.

- when working without a flooring at a height of more than 1.3 m from the floor level, use a safety belt;

-carry out electric welding work from scaffolding and scaffolding only after taking measures to prevent wooden elements from catching fire and molten metal getting into people working or passing below;

- climb to a height and descend from it using stepladders or ladders after turning off the welding machine;

- when carrying out electric welding work in case of insufficient lighting, use portable lamps with a voltage of 12V with a handle made of dielectric material, a protective grid and a plug, the design of which excludes the possibility of connecting it to a socket with a voltage over 12V.

- changing electrodes during electric welding work in conditions of special danger of electric shock, in closed vessels, channels, wells and in cramped conditions of electric welding work without increased danger factors, as well as in open areas, should be carried out with the no-load voltage of the current source completely removed;

- ensure that assistants or personnel performing work together with the welder use protective equipment;

- ensure that slag, splashes of molten metal, electrode cinders, scraps of metal and other objects and personal tools do not fall on working personnel and passing people;

- constantly monitor the serviceability of the electrode holder and the wire (direct) to it;

- ensure that the welding circuit wires are not exposed to mechanical, thermal and other influences;

- if during work or during breaks at the workplace the smell of flammable gas is detected (leakage from the gas station of a gas pipeline, gas cylinder), then immediately stop electric welding work, turn off the welding current source, and go to a safe place;

- welding work in wells, pits, confined and hard-to-reach spaces is carried out only with the special permission of the employer issuing the work order - permission to perform high-risk work.

— Vessels and pipelines under pressure are prohibited from welding. With

— if it is impossible to carry out local exhaust or general ventilation inside the products, a forced supply of 6–8 cubic meters of clean air under the welder’s mask should be provided. m/hour, in the cold season - heated to a temperature of at least 18 degrees. C.

When performing gas welding work, the welder must comply with the following safety requirements:

1. gas-flame work (welding, cutting, heating of products) must be carried out at a distance of: at least 10 m from groups of cylinders (more than two) intended for gas-flame work; 5 m - from individual cylinders with oxygen and flammable gases; 3 m - from gas pipelines of flammable gases, as well as from gas dispensing stations located in metal cabinets, when performing work manually and 1.5 m when doing it mechanized.

2. The gearbox valves should be opened slowly and smoothly, and the opening one should be in the direction opposite to the direction of the gas stream.

3. When igniting a hand torch (cutter), the oxygen valve must first be slightly opened, then the acetylene valve must be opened, and after briefly purging the sleeve, the mixture of gases must be ignited, after which the flame can be adjusted. When extinguishing, these operations are performed in the reverse order: first, the supply of acetylene is stopped, and then oxygen.

.4. during breaks in operation, the flame of the burner (cutter) must be extinguished, and the valves on it must be tightly closed; the installation must not be left with the valve on the burner (cutter) closed and the valve open on the cylinder, since gas condensation in the hose is possible. During long breaks in work (lunch, etc.), the valves on oxygen and acetylene cylinders or on gas dispensing stations must be closed, and the pressure screws of the gearboxes must be turned out until the spring is released.

5. If the burner (cutter) overheats, work should be stopped, and the burner (cutter) should be extinguished and cooled to ambient temperature. To cool it, the welder must have a vessel with clean cold water.

6. To avoid popping and backlash, it is prohibited to work with dirty outlet channels of the mouthpieces.

7. It is prohibited to consume acetylene from the generator until the pressure is completely reduced and the burner (cutter) flame goes out in order to avoid air leaks and the occurrence of a backfire.

— cylinders must be delivered to the places of welding work on special trolleys, stretchers, sleds without jolts or impacts. Carrying cylinders on shoulders and arms is not permitted.

— Gas cylinders during their storage, transportation and operation must be protected from sunlight and other heat sources. Cylinders installed indoors must be located at a distance of at least 1 m from heating devices, and at least 5 m from heat sources with open fires and stoves. The distance from the burners (horizontally) to bypass ramp (group) units must not be less than 10 m, and to individual cylinders with oxygen or flammable gases - at least 5 m.

— When handling empty cylinders of oxygen or flammable gases, the same safety precautions must be observed as with filled cylinders.

Safety requirements upon completion of work.

When extinguishing the cutter (burner), first close the propane-butane (acetylene) flammable gas valve, then the oxygen valve. Close the valve on the cylinders, release gases from all communications and release the clamping springs of the gearboxes. Remove the hoses and deliver them together with manual cutting devices (torches) and gearboxes to the warehouse. Screw safety caps onto the cylinders. Install the cylinders in the appropriate compartments of the cabinets depending on the gas they contain. Turn off local ventilation.

Hand over the workplace to the master, clean and in perfect order. There should be no smoldering objects (rags, etc.) or molten hot metal left in the workplace. Inform the foreman about all noticed equipment malfunctions identified during operation.

To carry out emergency cessation of work:

— in the event of a fire at the gas welding station;

- in case of an accident that happens to you or in the area located next to the gas-flame processing of metals post.

In case of an accident, immediately inform the technician about your accident.

or fellow workers if they are unable to do so themselves. If necessary, contact the medical unit and take measures to preserve the situation in which the accident occurred.

Before the start of the investigation, the administration of the workshop (site) is obliged to ensure the safety of the situation of the accident (accident), if this does not pose a danger to human life and does not disrupt the operation of the gas sector.