How to connect a well pump - installation and electrical diagram, installation in a well

Criteria for selecting a well pump

When choosing this device, you should consider the following:

1. Operating point of the unit This indicator determines the intersection of the device parameters with the properties of the well. It is known that water in wells does not have a constant level. These indicators are indicated in the passport of the water source. If there is no such document, you can take measurements yourself. It is recommended to take several measurements to obtain an average water level. It is important that their average indicator coincides with the passport characteristics of the purchased equipment, which operates in the range from 70 to 120% of its nominal parameters.
2. Types of well pumps Knowing the depth of the water source, you can determine what type of unit is needed - surface or submersible.

Fundamental differences between pump types:

• A self-priming surface device will allow you to raise water from a depth of up to 9 m. This option is suitable for small wells. Its advantage is the possibility of external fastening and easy accessibility in case of need for repair or dismantling. The negative thing is that this unit freezes in the cold and requires filling the suction channel with water before starting work. These devices are divided into: - centrifugal without an ejector, - self-priming with an ejector.
• The submersible unit will allow you to work at any depth. This type is the most suitable in any situation. It is more difficult to install, but such a pump works all year round.

Read more about choosing a well pump based on key technical characteristics and installation conditions.

WINTER OPTION WITH INSTALLATION OF METAL CAISSON

A caisson is an underground metal structure (chamber) located directly above the well, welded hermetically to the casing, and performs several functions:

• Protects the wellhead from flooding and pollution by flood waters.
• Protects the system from freezing and makes it possible to operate the well all year round, and not just in the warm season.
• Makes it possible to place equipment (battery tank, control unit and cable and pipe distribution) directly above the well, in the absence of a special room in the house.
• Provides convenient access to equipment for inspection, repair or maintenance.

Length of water pipeline and number of nodes

Although water will move horizontally through the system, losses in nodes and pipes cannot be avoided. It is recommended to purchase purchased equipment with a power reserve of up to 20%.

These devices are also divided into two categories:

• centrifugal , which have a higher price and better performance;
• vibration ones , which cost less and work worse.

Vibration pumps have a suction valve, which can be located:

• at the top of the device;
• at the bottom of the device.

The ability to avoid the ingress of bottom dirt, in the first option, can be compensated by the problem of working with a low water level in the well.

The second option has downsides - such a pump sucks up clay near the bottom, while the low water level will become much less of an obstacle.

The installation of vibration devices is not recommended in sand wells, which are generally considered to be all channels drilled to the depth of interstratal or groundwater.

How to Determine the Required Source Depth

The borehole pump must be installed at a certain depth of the water source. When using a well as a source of water supply, the static and dynamic levels of the location of the pumped liquid medium in it are taken into account. The static level is understood as the distance at which the surface of water, in a calm state, is located from the surface of the earth. At the dynamic level, water is in the well after it begins to be pumped out.

Dynamics of a water column in a well

In order for submersible pumping equipment to function effectively and be cooled efficiently by the liquid medium it pumps, it should be located in the well at a level at least 30 cm below the dynamic level. If the thickness of the water layer allows, then it will be better if the deep pump is installed at a level located 2–3 m below the dynamic level. It should be taken into account that the pump installed in the well should be located at a distance of at least 1–2 m from its bottom.

Well pump kit

Submersible pumps for meeting domestic needs are designed to work in wells Ø 75-100 mm. Models are distinguished by power, pressure, performance and type of drive (single-phase, three-phase).

The standard configuration of pumping equipment is as follows: a pump plus a power cable.

This arrangement may be sufficient if the device is intended to be used at the dacha for watering the garden.

To organize water supply at home, the devices are equipped with a control panel and additional equipment:

• automation unit;
• pressure gauge;
• pressure switch;
• hydraulic accumulator;
• check and drain valves;
• filter elements;
• deep-well pump protection unit;
• electrical voltage stabilizer.

The control package consists of a relay and a set of sensors that monitor the state of the installation and allow it to operate autonomously without human intervention.

The membrane accumulator is designed to equalize the pressure of the water supply system.

A protection sensor and voltage stabilizer support the operation of the mechanism during emergency situations, including:

• low water level in the well;
• phase failure;
• power surges;
• short circuit;
• pump overload or underload;
• engine overheating.

What should a good pump be like?

A centrifugal submersible pump is used to lift water from the well. To select a unit, you need to know the parameters that it must meet:

1. The productivity of the central pump cannot exceed the flow rate of the well. Otherwise, the deep pump will remain without water and fail.
2. The pressure should be 2.5-3 kg/cm² higher than the losses in the pipeline. Every 10 m of vertical section corresponds to 1 kg/cm², and horizontal – 0.1 kg/cm².
3. The pump flow is designed to compensate for the specific water consumption in the house. The optimal value is 1.5-2 m³/h.
4. The pump diameter must provide sufficient clearance between the casing and the casing wall to allow water to flow in and prevent shock during start-up.

There is no need to buy a unit with much larger parameters than necessary. This is an extra waste of money and an additional load on the house electrical wiring. A unit that is too low will work with overload, which will lead to breakdown.

Main functions of automation units for pumps

A large number of suburban areas are equipped with wells and boreholes. The owners strive to have an autonomous source of water. More often this is a technical resource that is used for irrigation. But such water is also used quite actively as drinking water. In terms of chemical composition, it can significantly exceed tap water, especially if the intake is carried out from a great depth.

The automation operation scheme for water supply pumps and wells is not inferior in efficiency to central systems.

In order for the process to be technically optimal and meet the requirements, many people prefer to buy automation for a well pump.

Based on functionality, mechanisms can be divided into two types:

• automatic control of water supply;
• protective system.

Regulating mechanisms allow you to adjust the required flow. When watering - more intense, for domestic needs, including for supply to heating and household appliances - less force.

A protective mechanism prevents damage to the unit in the event of a significant voltage drop. In situations where the water level has changed, pumping is impossible; when turned on, dry running occurs.

A well-established scheme for the operation of a well and automation for water supply pumps is not inferior to central systems in terms of operating efficiency and even in some respects surpasses them. When using an individual source, interruptions and shutdowns are eliminated; electricity costs are less than paying for the amount of water consumed from the central water supply system. In cases where it is possible to use it as drinking water, the advantage becomes even more significant.

Based on functionality, automation is divided into regulating water supply and protective.

Types of centrifugal units

This category of devices is most widespread in private homes. They have enough power for this, and their operation is quite easy. The connection diagram for such a pump is accessible to everyone and is not particularly complicated.

The use of devices is quite wide. In addition to supplying water, they are designed to remove drains or other liquids. In private farmsteads, they are used to install a sewerage system.

Pump device

The design of a submersible centrifugal pump can be different. Two types are used:

• Rod;
• Rodless.

In the first case, the device is equipped with a drive that is located above the water. This model can be used in wells with shallow depths.

The second option is manufactured as a complete device. Power is supplied through the use of an electrical cable in reliable insulation, immersed in water along with the unit.

Currently, you can choose any water submersible centrifugal pump device that is suitable for certain operating conditions. Manufacturers produce various models that differ from each other both in size and in working volume. This makes it possible to purchase the necessary device without spending extra money for, for example, a very powerful device, but not entirely suitable for certain conditions.

Connecting a well pump without auxiliary equipment

The method of connecting the device without additional equipment allows its short-term operation under strict user control. This connection diagram for a well pump explains the very principle of starting the unit and cannot serve as a standard for permanent use.

Sequencing:

1. Before assembling the structure, it is necessary to check the operation of the electric motor. To do this, connect it to the network for 10 seconds and make sure there are no extraneous sounds.
2. Equip the bottom of the casing with a coarse filter.
3. Using a steel cable, attach the mechanism to the head flange through the eyes in the housing.
4. Install a check valve on the suction pipeline at a distance of 1-7 m from the pump.
5. Connect the power cable.
6. Carefully, without jerking, lower the device into the well until it touches the ground. Then smoothly lift it to a height of 1 m from the bottom of the excavation and fix it.
7. Plug the device into a power outlet connected to the house grounding bus.

Tools and materials

Prompt installation of the pump depends on complete preparatory work. It is important to purchase all the necessary materials and equipment, in accordance with the calculations made in the project, paying attention to the product manufacturers.

1. A downhole unit that creates a vacuum to suck in liquid and, using centrifugal force, pushes it to the surface.
2. Compressor to maintain pressure in the hydraulic tank and consumption system.
3. Hydraulic accumulator.
4. High pressure pipe made of HDPE.
5. Check valve.
6. Electrical control cable.
7. Stainless steel cable.
8. Pressure gauge.
9. Cover for the casing pipe (head).
10. Adapter or tee with drain tap.
11. Automation equipment for monitoring the operation of the unit.
12. Accessories, fastening and waterproofing materials.

Connecting the well pump to the power supply with the control unit of the automation unit

Diagram of connecting a well pump to the power supply with a control unit (automation).

The control unit is designed to control the operation of submersible pumps without user intervention. The completeness of the cabinet varies depending on the chosen model and the manufacturer.

The standard set consists of the following elements:

• contactor with thermal regulator;
• indicator lamps;
• dry running relay;
• voltage level control unit;
• starting protective device “soft start”;
• power circuit breaker;
• terminals for connecting sensors and a submersible pump to automation;
• two-position automatic machine;
• cable entries.

Based on the list of equipment, we can conclude that the installation of the cabinet must be entrusted to specialists who will connect all the sensors and adjust the operation of the pumping equipment.

SUMMER OPTION FOR WATERING AN AREA WITH INSTALLATION OF A WELL CAP

If you are going to use the well exclusively for summer irrigation, then the option for its arrangement will be the least labor-intensive and, accordingly, the cheapest.

After all, you only need to install a pump with a water-lifting pipe and a well head.

If desired, you can install compact automation that allows you to control the well pump depending on the water intake, without using bulky hydraulic storage tanks.

Automation: main components and their purpose

Before connecting a submersible pump for a well or well, a water main with the necessary automation is installed. Automatic control systems are the same for any type of electric pump, the only difference is in the settings of the control devices and the volume of the hydraulic accumulator. There are only a few main nodes; when connected, they are placed in one place and perform the following functions.

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Pressure switch

The main device that automatically controls the operation of the electric pump. Externally, the device looks like a small box with a fitting for connecting to a water line. The principle of operation of the pressure switch is quite simple: if the pressure in the system exceeds the permissible value, water presses on the valve located inside the housing behind the fitting, and a metal plate with a pusher connected to the valve diaphragm opens the contacts inside the device.

During operation, the power cable of the electric pump passes through the pressure switch, at the same time the supply circuit is broken and the pumping equipment is turned off. It is possible to adjust the pressure switch in a certain range using two adjusting screws - one sets the upper response threshold, the second screw regulates the difference between the pressure that starts and turns off the device.

Rice. 2 Automation for deep-well pump

Hydraulic accumulator and the advantages of its use

When the electric pump is turned on and off, the water in the water supply system suddenly stops or immediately begins to move - this causes water hammer, during which the pipeline and equipment experience increased loads.

When consuming water, if there is not a certain reserve, the pump will turn on and off at short intervals - this will lead to increased loads on the system and equipment and will accelerate wear on the electric pump.

To eliminate the above negative factors, a hydraulic accumulator is installed in the water supply system. The device is a cylindrical metal tank, inside of which there is a rubber membrane. With the taps closed, the rubber flask of the tank is filled with water, and the pressure in the accumulator should be equal to or slightly lower than the pressure in the system. When using water, it enters the pipes from the battery, increasing the time the electric pump is turned off.

It is clear that the larger the volume of the hydraulic tank per pump, the greater the supply of water in the system and the longer the time the equipment will be at rest between start and stop, therefore, its service life will increase.

Any membrane tank has a nipple in the wall for pumping and releasing air into the chamber - this allows you to equalize the pressure in the system and the air gap behind the rubber bulb of the accumulator. If there was no such pressure in the accumulator, the rubber membrane would spread along the walls of the tank from the pressure of water and would not be able to perform its functions.

The standard minimum value of the hydraulic tank volume is not less than 10 liters, the upper limit can reach up to 100 liters.

Relay selection

When choosing a hydraulic relay, you are guided by its range in the water supply; the standard value is 1.5 - 3 bar. When connecting using a pressure gauge, adjust it using the adjusting screws. Do the same with the dry-running relay, setting it to turn off the power when the pressure in the line is less than 1.5 bar. If a private house has a high number of floors, then to supply water with the required pressure to the upper floors, the relay is additionally adjusted, increasing the upper and lower response thresholds.

For example, if the height of the rise to the upper floors is 5 meters (1 bar corresponds to 10 meters of vertical water column), then 0.5 bar is added to the upper and lower response limits and the resulting response range is from 2 to 3.5 bar . The brand chosen for water supply at home must have the appropriate pressure range according to the passport.

Rice. 8 Pumping units with floats and electrolytic sensors

Features of equipment installation

There are two options for installing the pump:

1. The self-priming device is mounted next to the water source. A special submersible hose is lowered into the water at one end and attached to the pump at the other.
2. The submersible device is attached to the pipe. If it is a flexible hose, then an addition to the fasteners can be a cable, which is attached with one end to the pump, and the other to any stable element with a well. A flexible installation option is preferable, as it allows you to adjust the immersion depth of the unit. The pump is completely immersed in water. Most of these devices do not tolerate dry operation well. Therefore, it is always worth monitoring the level in the well or purchasing a pump with a float switch that will protect the device in the event of no or critically low water levels.

It is recommended to install a check valve on the pipe itself, which will keep water in the system.

The algorithm for installing submersible equipment includes the following points:

• All pipes are installed. If the pump will be installed on a rigid pipe, then it is recommended to place a small piece of flexible hose between it and the main channel for moving water into the house, which will dampen engine vibrations.
• The following are connected to the device: - cable, - electrical wire, - hose.
• The pump smoothly lowers to the bottom of the well.
• When the unit touches the bottom, the entire structure should be raised to a height of half a meter to a meter from the point of contact.
• The cable must be firmly secured, the wire must be connected to the network, the hose must be connected to the rest of the system and placed in the fastening channels.
• It is recommended to provide the upper hole of the well with a cover to prevent foreign objects and dirt from entering the system.

The electrical connection should only be made to a grounded source using a circuit breaker according to the following diagram:

Electrical connection diagram for a well pump

When installing the pump, you may need metal fluoroplastovie bushings; their options can be viewed here https://cema-bearing.com/metalloforoplastovie_vtulki/.

Installation of a submersible electric pump for installation in a well

To install a submersible electric pump in a well, work is performed in the following order:

• Screws a plastic adapter coupling into the outlet of the unit to connect the pressure pipeline. If there is no built-in check valve, install your own, mounting it first at the outlet of the electric pump, then screw on the fitting for connecting HDPE pipes.
• They attach a pipe to the pump and fix it with a plastic cuff, thread a cable through the ears of the housing and connect its ends at the outlet using two special clamps, the free end is screwed to the main cable with electrical tape.
• Connect the power cable, cable and pressure hose together using electrical tape or zip ties in 1 meter increments, making sure that the power cord is secured without tension.
• The electric pump is lowered into the well to a predetermined depth. To do this, measure and cut the pressure pipe to the required length, insert it into the head, to which the cable is tied.
• After a dive, you can immediately check the operation of the electric pump without connecting to the pipeline, if the liquid supply corresponds to the passport data, connect the entire water line and then monitor and regulate the operation of the equipment with automatic devices.

Rice. 8 Preparing the downhole electric pump for immersion

To connect a well pump to a water supply system, devices are used that automate its operation, prevent frequent startup and reduce the load on the line.
They can be independently assembled in one module, installed in a living space, or left in a caisson pit with a borehole head. For further installation and connection of the water supply, the services of qualified specialists will be required. They will solder plastic pipes, install and install the necessary fittings, taps, and adapter couplings.

Well features

When the well is completely ready for operation, you can turn on the pump and start pumping water out of it, the quality and quantity of which can vary greatly. The main influence on this is exerted by several indicators, namely: 1. Depth

Water with different properties is extracted from different depths. These depths of occurrence of natural resources are usually called horizons. In cases with water wells, four such horizons are distinguished:

1. A simple well with a depth of up to 20 meters.
2. Well-well , having a parameter of up to 30 m.
3. Sandy horizon , which is located at a distance of 50 - 70 m below the ground surface level.
4. Artesian horizon . Its depth can be 100 meters and below.

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The choice of the depth of the future water source will depend on many factors, some of which are:

• purpose of the source,
• required amount of water,
• presence or absence of permits,
• price,
• geodetic conditions of the area,
• depth of the aquifer.

2. Diameter

This indicator directly depends on:

• parameters of drilling equipment,
• characteristics of the future pump,
• affordability of the process,
• intended purpose.

The larger the diameter, the more expensive the well will cost, the larger the diameter of the pipes required for its installation.

The positive side will be high productivity. When choosing a drilling diameter, you should always be guided by the principle of sufficient necessity. At the same time, it is recommended to make a small margin in the parameters, since it is not always known for certain:

• how much water the future source will provide;
• how quickly it will recover;
• how the well will behave after a long time.

3. Well flow rate

This definition refers to the maximum amount of water that can be pumped out of a well in one hour. This parameter not only depends on the power of the installed equipment, but also on the recovery ability of the source itself. It is rare that large volumes of water can be endlessly pumped out of a well or a drilled artesian canal. The more powerful the equipment, the sooner the water will be pumped out. The more often pumping is done, the smaller the volumes will be. Weak equipment can work for a long time, pumping up to the top as much water as is restored in the well. Determining the exact flow rate is a complex process and unnecessary for individual use sources.

4. Volume of water consumed

This indicator depends on the flow rate of the source and the needs of its user. If water consumption is less than the well can provide, then problems with water shortage can be avoided.

The amount of water in the well, in addition to its depth and width, may depend on:

• season,
• pumping intensity,
• parameters of the equipment used.

Correct calculation of consumption will allow rational use of valuable natural resources. This will additionally allow you to:

• save energy,
• extend the life of the pump,
• provide higher quality and cleaner produced water.

A competent and careful approach to the arrangement of an autonomous source of water supply for a site will give its owner the opportunity to access the most valuable natural resource, which must be treated with respect and love. This will definitely have positive consequences in the near and distant future.

Types and depths of wells

The depth of immersion of the pump into the well largely depends on its parameters; when drilling, three main types are distinguished: Abyssinian, on sand, and artesian.

Abyssinian well

Abyssinian is the most affordable option from a financial point of view; its depth rarely exceeds 10 meters; the intake is carried out from the first aquifer (upper water). Drilling the Abyssinian is often done with your own hands using homemade drills; usually its channel pipe has a small diameter of 1.5 - 3 inches and is designed for water intake with a surface electric or manual mechanical pump.

The pipes lowered into the Abyssinian are equipped with a needle-shaped filter at the end; due to its light weight, it is located directly in the aquifer without sinking to the sandy muddy bottom - thanks to this, the water in the Abyssinian does not have sand and clay impurities. Although the Abyssinian spring has fairly clean water, the well is rarely used to provide a constant water supply to a residential building - its flow rate is too small.

Well in the sand

If water-bearing strata are not found at a shallow depth in the area, a sand well is drilled until water is found, the depth of which lies in the range from 15 to 60 m with an average of about 30 meters. This type is most common in individual water supply; when drilling, a column of plastic or steel pipes with a diameter of 100–160 mm is lowered into the shaft, which, due to its high weight, rests on the bottom of the water-bearing formation.

A perforated water filter is installed at the end of the column to purify water from sand and clay particles, but in many cases this is not enough and additional elements are installed in the pipeline that filter the water (sand, coarse and fine filters).

The use of pumping equipment for intake must take this factor into account (a large number of sand particles), so modifications are usually chosen for working with contaminated water. A well on sand, unlike an Abyssinian, has a higher flow rate and, most importantly, is suitable for water supply to an individual residential building, although its service life is short (depending on the size of the sand fractions) and averages about 5 years.

Rice. 2 Types of wells for installing a submersible pump

Artesian well

When searching for sources of artesian water, drilling is carried out to an aquifer with a calcareous bottom, while the depth of the borehole channel during domestic drilling can reach up to 200 m, and in industrial sources a threshold of about 300 m or more is considered normal. During installation, the casing with a special filter for large particles rests on a solid limestone bottom, which is free of clay and sand. Thanks to this, water from great depths is crystal clear and the only drawback is its high iron content. The deeper the aquifer is, the greater the pressure exerted on it by the higher layers of the earth - as a result, artesian springs have the highest flow rate and a constant static level.

Scheme for a submersible well pump

To connect the pump to a well in the country, first select a water intake: an open natural reservoir, a well, or drill a water well. In this case, the depth of the horizontal liquid is taken into account. Up to 8 m - the hydraulic unit is fixed superficially, deeper - it is lowered into the drilled hole. Taking into account the depth of immersion and the diameter of the drill, a cylindrical apparatus of smaller diameter is used.

Before immersing the hydraulic mechanism, lower the measuring cord with a load to the bottom, find out at what depth the liquid is located. Using a measuring cord, the exact footage of the descent and the length of the horizontal water layer are determined. If it is at a depth of 60 m, they drill further.

Connecting a submersible pump with your own hands consists of 3 stages:

1. Select according to the technical characteristics of the pump model.
2. Attaching a cable with an automation electrical cable and a lifting pipe.
3. Fastening the head to the hydraulic apparatus body.

Preference is given to screw and centrifugal designs, their advantages:

• low cost, resistance to pressure;
• connection of additional pumps;
• synchronous operation with automation;
• productivity – high efficiency with the required pressure.

The manufacturer provides a deep well pump with a table and graphs that show the ratio of pressure and displacement of liquid at the outlet. If it rises from a depth of 80 m, according to the table, the water supply network receives 30 liters. When pumping, the passage of water along a horizontal plume is taken into account: 5 m of horizon corresponds to 1 m of pressure height.

To immerse the water apparatus and hold it in the well, a steel cable is used, which is passed through the 2 upper holes of the housing head. Secure with plastic clamps parallel to the electrical cable and water-lifting polypropylene pipe. The pipe is connected at the bottom with a collapsible brass or plastic coupling.

WINTER OPTION WITH INSTALLATION OF WELL ADAPTER

The cost of installing a water well according to the “winter option” can be reduced by refusing to install a caisson, “replacing” it with a well adapter, which is installed on the casing and allows you to bring the water pipe below the freezing level.

However, the downhole adapter has many disadvantages (complexity of installation on a two-pipe well, difficulties with lifting a pump located at a depth of 60 m, extreme difficulty in installing a pumping unit at a depth of over 60 m, etc.).

Another inconvenience is the need to place a hydraulic storage tank and automatic control in the house. Having weighed all the pros and cons, the conclusion does not allow us to talk about the advantage of the downhole adapter (except for the price) over the caisson.

Scheme for a surface well pump

Conditions allow the pump to be installed upstairs. Then a scheme is used for a surface well pump, which is recommended to be placed next to the source. The advantage of an outdoor location is that the device is easily accessible if repairs need to be made.

Operation of a surface hydraulic unit is not complicated. Install a pump to the water well, lower the hose into the tank, turn on the start-up protection unit, and press the “Start” button. Recommended location for efficient work and safety:

• a few meters, closer to the water intake;
• as far as possible from the populated area;
• indoors, with exhaust ventilation;
• on a solid foundation.

When connecting a surface water unit, use:

• fitting for connections;
• hose, water intake hose;
• pipe entering the storage tank;
• a set of irrigation hoses;
• fittings, fasteners, clamps.

How to use?

When operating the device, you should remember the basic rules:

1. Do-it-yourself installation should be done in a dry and preferably heated room.
2. Be sure to protect the device from contact with water. If it is not located indoors, you need to build a roof.
3. The pump must be firmly secured as it may move during operation.
4. Regularly inspect all connections and pipes for leaks.
5. Check filter wear and replace if damaged.
6. Check the presence of water in the pump, top it up in a timely manner, preventing it from emptying.

Light weight, low price, good power and the ability to install it yourself distinguish this type of pump from others. The main thing is not to forget that the depth from which they can raise water is limited to nine or ten meters, and not to allow small abrasive particles to get into the structure. And then the pump will serve you for a long time. In our other articles you can get acquainted with a plastic toilet for a summer house and why the toilet leaks.

Types of protective automation for well pumps, connecting blocks

When choosing an automation unit for a well pump, you should pay attention to the voltage indicator recommended for normal operation of the latter, and to the permissible deviations. To protect the device from running without water, it is necessary to install a U-shaped relay. This element will turn off the pump if no water flows into it.

Modern manufacturers offer several types of protective mechanisms to ensure safe operation of pumps:

• Start-protective, they are based on printed circuit boards;
• relay blocks;
• devices whose operation is provided by microprocessors.

The connection diagram of a well pump to an automatic system that prevents overheating is carried out by performing the following steps:

Modern protective mechanisms are starter-protective, relay and microprocessor-based.

1. You need to prepare the equipment. Need to purchase:

• hydraulic tank (hydraulic accumulator);
• pressure gauge;
• adapter coupling with collet clamp;
• plastic pipes and brass adapter.

2. Wrap the entrance to the hydraulic accumulator with fum tape and screw on the adapter coupling.

3. Connect a pressure gauge and relay to the brass adapter.

4. Connect the brass adapter and the adapter coupling.

5. From a plastic pipe, assemble an elbow that will connect the relay and battery with the water supply system.

6. Connect the well pump hose using a coupling with a collet clamp.

Note! After assembling the system, be sure to ensure that the cable is securely fastened to the terminal block.

Connection diagram for pressure switch RD5 and protection LP/3

You can simplify the circuit, otherwise reduce its cost, without losing installation quality, by installing an LP/3 protection relay instead of the automation unit. The main disadvantage of this scheme is the need to manually start the pump after shutdown, which is compensated by its low cost.

Pay special attention to connecting RD5 and LP/3 in a single circuit. They are connected in series, that is, when the pressure drops and when running dry (lack of water), the pump turns off. Again, in this scheme the pump is restarted manually.

Control automation for a submersible pump

The automation system that regulates the operation of the pump consists of several elements. The main one is the control relay, which is supplemented by the electrical part. Depending on the features of the configuration, there are two principles of operation of the devices.

The control automation for a submersible pump consists of a control relay and an electrical part.

Regulation of water pressure in the pipeline. Valid when water is supplied from a well and the system has a hydraulic tank. After the first rise, it fills the container and is then fed into the home system. Automation operating according to this scheme has a sensor with electrodes.

Some units (usually intended for wells) are equipped with special floats to control the amount of water. It should be noted that the price of submersible pumps for wells with automation of this type is quite high, but the devices are in demand. Regardless of the method of controlling the filling of the accumulator, all tanks have an emergency drain, which, if necessary, will reduce the pressure in the tank. A positive characteristic of the operation of just such a control system is the stable operation of the pump, ensured by constant hydraulics.

Level control. This is done using commands. A certain pressure is set on the relay, the pump turns on and off depending on its change. A similar scheme is actively used in private areas; it also requires the presence of a membrane tank. As positive characteristics of such a scheme, it should be noted the relative ease of installation and the low price of the automation. The ideal picture is slightly spoiled by the inaccuracy of readings and the short service life in a system with vibration pumps.

Note! When using a pressure level control circuit, the relay can be installed in the power circuit of the pump.

The pressure switch can be installed in the power circuit of the pump.

Possible errors when connecting equipment

Types of check valves
Pump failure cannot be avoided if the height of its suspension is incorrectly determined. If set too low, small pebbles or sand will get into the pump. If, on the contrary, it is too high, air may be sucked in. Neglecting to install a non-return valve has a negative impact on the pressure device. In such a situation, each time it starts, it first fills a vertical pipe with water, and after shutting down, it is affected by a water hammer.

As the height of the water rises, the impact force increases, so the damage done to the pump will be greater.

It is also not recommended that the cross-section of the water supply pipe be too small. The operating period will remain unchanged, but this will have a bad effect on performance. Uninstalled electrical protection, especially in areas with voltage surges, can cause pump failure.

It is better to connect electrical devices through stabilizers, and complex and expensive electrical equipment through special control and protection stations. The cross-section of the electrical wire must be sufficient, otherwise the operating time of the motor will be significantly reduced.

If automation and instrumentation are installed incorrectly, as well as when pressure equipment is connected to the well, an accident in the system is inevitable. If you know little about the topic, it is better to entrust the work to professionals.

How to make a water pump with your own hands at home

Summer residents are not lazy and savvy people. Therefore, the question of how to make a water pump with your own hands without electricity is asked quite often. In fact, there are many options, all of them are quite feasible. One of the most effective and most affordable is a pump based on a pump mechanism. This is the type that is most often used in conditions where there is no electricity.

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To create a pump you will need the following elements and parts:

• PVC pipe with a diameter of 5 cm;
• PPR pipe with a diameter of 2.4 cm;
• two 0.5 inch check valves;
• pipe plugs and bends;
• 8 mm bolts with nuts, rubber gaskets.

The pump is assembled from the above parts. The main thing is to ensure the tightness of the structure, otherwise the mechanism will not work. The piston creates pressure in the working chamber. Under its influence, water, passing through the valves, is supplied to the outlet. It is very important that the gaskets fit tightly.

It is difficult to perceive when described, but in fact it does not cause problems to create a pump powered by solar energy with your own hands. The operating principle is somewhat reminiscent of how a submersible pump is connected to a hydraulic accumulator: gas takes part in pushing out water.

A pump based on a pump mechanism is the most affordable to make yourself.

Required components:

• metal grate;
• rubber bulb;
• cylinder with propane-butane mixture.

The grate is filled with gas and connected to the bulb. The pear is placed in a tank pre-equipped with valves for inlet and outlet. Solar energy expands the gas, the latter pushes out air, providing a pressure difference in the water tank.

Note! All tank seams must be sealed tightly. Such a pump must be located in a well-lit place.

Connection sequence

Connection to a well and borehole

First, let's look at how to properly connect a pumping station to a well or well.

In this case, we will pay attention specifically to the two-pipe connection diagram, since it is more complex. We work in this order:

1. First, we assemble the ejector with our own hands. As a rule, this is a monolithic unit made of cast iron, which has three outlets.
2. We install a coarse filter made of propylene mesh at the lower outlet of the ejector.
3. There is a plastic socket at the top of the cast iron structure. You need to put a squeegee of the required length with a diameter of 32 mm on it.
4. Next, you need to assemble a squeegee to fit the diameter of the pipeline. Usually two parts with adapters are enough for this.
5. A bronze coupling is installed at the outlet of this outlet. With its help, the transition to the polyethylene pipe will be made.

1. Next, trenches are dug from the hydraulic structure to the house below the freezing point of the soil.
2. Water pipes are laid in the trenches.
3. A cap is installed at the exit of the well casing. If you can't find it, you can use a knee with a smooth angle.
4. To connect the ejector to the water supply pipeline, couplings are used.
5. Before lowering the second end of the pipe, it must be passed through the elbow at a right angle.
6. Polyurethane foam is used to seal the space. After this, the pipe can be connected to an adapter (angular), and it, in turn, must be connected to the outer part of the water supply.
7. Now you can lower the ejector into the well. In this case, the immersion depth must be determined in advance, taking into account the elevation of the top of the casing pipe.
8. The head is fixed to the casing using reinforced sanitary tape.

Features of connecting to the water supply

If there are centralized water supply networks near your home, then the pumping station can be connected to them. Typically, the need for such a connection arises when the pressure in the system is too low, which does not allow the heating equipment to function efficiently and correctly. This situation can arise for several reasons:

• the hydrogeological conditions of the area have changed;
• outdated equipment is used;
• As the number of residents has increased, water consumption needs have become greater.

To connect to the central water supply you need to perform the following sequence of actions:

1. The place where the pipeline will be disconnected is selected in advance. After stopping the water supply, the water supply is divided into two parts.
2. So the part that comes from the city highway is connected to the storage tank.
3. The liquid from this tank must flow through pipes to the pumping unit. A pipeline leading to a residential building is connected to the outlet from the pump.
4. Next, the electrical wiring is laid and connected.
5. After this, you can perform a test run, configure and adjust the equipment.

The main thing in setting up a pumping unit is to select the correct pressure in the system. To adjust the equipment, a small amount of water (about 2 liters) is poured into a special hole on the pump unit. Now you need to open the tap and measure the pressure in the system at which the pump turns off and on.

If the pressure at which the unit operates does not fall within the specified limits, it is necessary to adjust the device. It's very easy to do this:

• The cover on the pressure switch opens.
• To adjust the device shut-off pressure, use a screw marked “DR”. It needs to be twisted towards decreasing or increasing depending on the results.
• To adjust the switching pressure, you need to turn the screw marked “P”.
• After adjustment, the cover on the relay is put in place.

Also, do not forget that the long-term and proper operation of pumping equipment is affected by the composition of the water, namely various admixtures of sand and clay. To protect the equipment from impurities, a filter is installed at the suction inlet of the station.

Reasons for decreasing pressure in the system and how to increase water pressure in the pumping station

Situations when the water pressure in a pumping station does not meet the requirements are quite common. Do not rush to adjust the operation of the automatic water pump. To solve problems, you should first carry out the following diagnostics:

Water pressure is affected not only by automation, but also by the condition of the filters, air pressure in the system, and the tightness of the suction pipeline.

1. Check the condition of the filters. Impurities of sand, clay and other elements can not only clog filters, but also cause corrosion of system elements, which will certainly affect the efficiency of the pump.
2. Measure the air pressure in the system. Its reduction also affects the full functioning of the station.
3. Make sure the suction pipe is tight.

If, as a result of the above actions, no problems are identified, it is necessary to intervene in the operation of the automation: check the condition of the hydraulic accumulator and set the pressure switch for the well pump. Quite often a mistake is made in which a high level of lower pressure is set. The station practically does not turn off in this mode, which, naturally, has a detrimental effect on its functioning.

Low pressure can also be caused by damage to the membrane or microcracks in the tank. Sometimes it is impossible to eliminate defects; a complete replacement of the hydraulic accumulator is required.

The water pressure in the system is easily regulated automatically.

How to choose the right hydraulic tank

A hydraulic tank is a container whose main working body is a membrane. Its quality determines how long the device will last from the moment of connection to the first repair.

Products made from food-grade (isobutane) rubber are considered the best. The metal of the product body is important only for expansion tanks. Where water is contained in the pear, the characteristics of the metal are not decisive.

If you don’t pay special attention to the thickness of the flange of your purchase, then in a year and a half, and not in 10-15 years, as you plan, you will have to buy a completely new device or, at best, change the flange itself

Moreover, the warranty on the tank is only a year with a stated service life of 10-15 years. So the hole will appear just after the warranty period expires. And it will be impossible to solder or weld thin metal. You can, of course, try to find a new flange, but most likely you will need a new tank.

To avoid such misfortunes, you should look for a tank whose flange is made of stainless steel or thick galvanized steel.

Calculation of hydraulic tank parameters

In most cases of inclusions, hydraulic tanks for water supply are installed according to the principle: the larger the volume, the better. But too large a volume is not always justified: the hydraulic tank will take up a lot of useful space, the water will stagnate in it, and if power outages happen very rarely, there is simply no need for it. A hydraulic tank that is too small is also ineffective - if a powerful pump is used, it will turn on and off frequently and quickly fail. If a situation arises when installation space is limited or financial resources do not allow you to purchase a large-capacity storage tank, you can calculate its minimum volume using the formula below.

How to correctly calculate the volume of a hydraulic tank in a water supply system

Recently, modern high-tech electric pumps with soft start and stop, frequency control of the speed of rotation of the impellers depending on water consumption have appeared on the market. In this case, there is no need for a large-volume hydraulic tank - soft start-up and adjustment do not cause water hammer, as in systems with conventional electric pumps. Automatic control units of high-tech devices with frequency control have a built-in hydraulic tank of a very small volume, designed for its pump group.

Table of calculated values ​​of pressure and volume of the hydraulic tank depending on the operating modes of the water supply line

Well pump with automation: operating features, connection

Is there a difference between borehole and sump pumps? Yes, but it would be more accurate to say that pumps with certain technical characteristics are used to pump water out of a well. These are monoblock centrifugal devices, where the engine, water intake elements and pipe are located in one housing.

The well pump is installed at a depth of no more than 25 m. It has a rather low performance. The pump for an automatic well should be positioned so that it does not drift along the water layer. It is also necessary to eliminate vibrations of the unit, as they will raise all sorts of unwanted particles from the bottom.

It should be noted that the protection against solid particles entering and sticking to the wheel blades in well pumps is weak. Therefore, when pumping contaminated water, they quickly lose their rated performance.

Well pumps, that is, centrifugal ones, differ from vibration pumps in the way they are protected from running dry. It consists of the following: when the intensity of the water flow entering the pump decreases (when air enters), the current strength of the device’s electric motor also decreases. The sensor reacts to the current situation by giving a signal to turn off the unit.

Connecting a submersible pump for a well is carried out according to the same scheme as for a well pump.

The connection diagram for a submersible pump for a well is almost the same as for a well pump. The only difference is in the method of fixation: the borehole is attached to the head; for a well, a metal frame is made, a hole is made in it, into which the cable is inserted.

Recommendations for pump placement and positioning

When calculating to what depth to immerse the pump in the well and the location of the pump in the well, it is useful to follow the following recommendations:

1. The electric pump should not come into contact with the walls of the column, so it is hung strictly in the center of the head.
2. When the electric pump is lowered into a well in sand below the dynamic level, it is better to make the distance from the surface of the water a little more than recommended, for example, 5 meters. This will help to avoid the unpleasant consequences of a situation when, during operation, the source silts up, its flow rate and, accordingly, the dynamic threshold decreases. In order to lower the electric pump deeper in the future, you will have to lengthen or change the water pipe and cable cut to fit the head - this will lead to unjustified financial expenses.
3. If, according to the parameters of the well, the electric pump must be located in the bottom area, it is better to use screw types - they cope better with pumping contaminated water, and replacing their simple parts is cheaper.

Rice. 9 Lowering the pump into the well

When placing an electric pump in a well, it is advisable to use such characteristics as dynamic and static level. Lowering the pumping equipment slightly below the dynamic mark contributes to less load on the body and working mechanism of the unit, the intake of cleaner water from the source, saves materials and simplifies maintenance.

How to raise water to a height without a pump: video, description

Do not rush to assess the conditions for cultivating soil without electricity as extreme. It is in such situations that a considerable number of gardeners find themselves who have developed plots of land in vacant lots and other unclaimed areas. Ingenuity and useful experience, which many share on the Internet, make it possible to organize water supply without electricity.

There are quite a few such pumping methods. The most accessible ones include the following:

An Archimedes screw is a device consisting of a cylinder and a screw placed inside it with a handle for rotation.

1. Application of the Archimedes screw. The device consists of a hollow cylinder and a screw placed inside it with a handle for rotation. The system must be lowered into the source at an angle. A mechanically driven screw takes in water and delivers it upward.
2. Using a hydraulic ram. The method was invented by the Montgolfier mechanic. It is based on the kinetic energy of water: the flow passing through a rigid pipe is blocked, and water flows through a check valve into the hydraulic tank located above. The tank is equipped with a fitting at the bottom, onto which a hose is placed that supplies water to the consumer.

To get more information on how to raise water to a height without a pump, it is worth watching the video:

On a note! When creating a mechanical water supply device, it should be taken into account that the most effective and affordable method is a piston system.