In production conditions, various metalworking machines are used. They are used for the manufacture and processing of metal blanks. There are universal and specialized models. To understand metal processing equipment, you need to know the types and operating principles of metalworking machines.
Metalworking machine
Types of metalworking machines
Equipment used in the manufacturing and metalworking industries comes in many varieties. The type of machine depends on its design, control method and equipment. Based on functionality, industrial equipment can be divided into two large groups:
- Specialized - machines that perform only one specific option. Most often, they cannot be reconfigured.
- Multifunctional (universal) - combined machines. Can perform multiple production processes.
Classification of metal processing equipment by type:
- Cutting machines are machines used for cutting metal sheets and cutting workpieces. These include band saws and circular machines.
- Milling - devices with a working surface on which a cutter is fixed. Torque from the spindle is transmitted to it. As the cutter rotates, it removes a layer of metal from the workpiece. Used for machining ends, drilling holes and other operations.
Industrial machines are equipped with a CNC system. With their help, you can set a specific program according to which the key components of the machine will operate without further human intervention. However, only experienced operators can be trusted to configure the program.
A separate group includes equipment for cutting external and internal threads. You can also distinguish between home and industrial devices. The former are intended for small workshops and garages, the latter for mass production of certain parts. The remaining groups of metalworking equipment will be described below.
Content
- Application area
- Classification of machines by type
- Classification by degree of versatility
- Classification by parameters
- Classification by accuracy
- Classification by degree of automation
- Marking of metal-cutting machines
Metalworking equipment
is a large group of industrial machines and machines for processing metal workpieces. This technique is suitable not only for working with metal products. It is also used for cutting plastic and other materials. The variety of machines is due to the need to carry out various types of work with metal. In addition, different models differ in internal structure, size, drive type and other parameters.
Advanced Metalworking Techniques
Industrial equipment is constantly being improved. What features are being improved:
- Performance. This is an important factor that affects the payback of the equipment and the profit that can be obtained when working on the machine. Productivity increases as the speed of the mechanisms increases.
- Accuracy. To reduce the number of defects, equipment manufacturers are working on the accuracy of operating mechanisms.
- Durability and wear resistance.
The most common operation in which metalworking machines are used is cutting.
Gas metal cutting
Gas cutting equipment has been used for a long time. It is fully automated and requires minimal effort to operate. The CNC system makes it possible to perform even cuts on metal workpieces, which was problematic due to the presence of the human factor.
Advantages of gas cutting:
- high speed and productivity;
- cheap equipment.
Minuses:
- heat shrinkage of metal after completion of work;
- possible errors in accuracy.
Gas equipment is installed in large enterprises and private workshops.
Gas metal cutting
Plasma cutting
The principle of operation of plasma devices is that the cutting of a workpiece or sheet occurs using a plasma jet. Such metalworking machines have high cutting accuracy and productivity.
Laser processing
Laser machines for metal processing are popular in private workshops and in production. The laser head moves along guides and cuts the workpieces into marked parts. Engraving can be done with a laser beam. Such machines have high precision. They are used to process homogeneous metals and soft alloys.
Grinding
Grinding machines are designed for finishing metal surfaces. Depending on the required removal thickness, the fraction of abrasive wheels or sanding belts is selected. More than one abrasive wheel or belt can be attached to one machine.
Turning
The turning group includes designs that are used to create parts of complex shapes. The working part is a rotating spindle into which the workpiece is fixed. To process a workpiece, it is necessary to secure certain cutters in a support and bring parts to them. Sharp edges cut off the metal layer under the influence of rotation. Can be used for drilling, threading inside and outside workpieces, countersinking, boring holes.
Drilling
Drilling machines are devices with a fixed frame on which one or more spindles are fixed in a vertical position. They can be used for drilling, countersinking, and internal threading. Taps can be used to bore holes in workpieces.
Drilling machine
Waterjet and electroerosive
This is equipment used for cutting metal sheets of any thickness. The principle of operation is that the metal is cut using a thin water jet, which acts on it under high pressure. The disadvantage of this method is low speed. However, it is compensated by high cutting precision.
Gantry metal gas cutting machines
The equipment is intended for production. This is due to the ability to place large metal sheets on the working surface. Their sizes can reach 3×12 meters. The pros and cons of such machines are exactly the same as those of conventional gas cutting.
Classification by degree of versatility
There is another division of metal-cutting machines into groups. The criterion for this classification is the versatility of the technique. There are 2 types of devices:
- Narrow profile machines.
Designed to implement individual tasks. Such devices perform one technological operation. - Universal machines.
. These are large multifunctional devices that have wide technological capabilities. They allow you to perform different operations.
The narrow-profile technique is characterized by higher accuracy and quality of work. Therefore, to equip a manufacturing enterprise, several machines are needed for different types of work instead of one universal one.
Automation levels
According to the level of automation, metalworking machines are divided into the following types:
- Manual equipment. All mechanisms are controlled by humans.
- Semi-automatic devices. In such machines, half of the mechanisms operate automatically, while the other requires adjustment and control by a master.
- Automatic machines. Equipment that can work independently. The operator should initially set the algorithm for the moving mechanisms.
- CNC machines. Fully automated designs that require a program to operate. In accordance with it, the mechanisms and working parts of the machine will move.
The most popular are machines equipped with CNC systems. Numerical control consists of several key elements:
- Console - through it the operator sets the program according to which the production process will take place. In addition to automatic operation, the console has a remote control for manual control.
- A controller is a mechanism that calculates future movements of moving mechanisms and machine elements. The controller is a powerful microprocessor that controls all mechanisms.
So that the operator can see what program he is specifying, there is a screen in the CNC system. It displays algorithms, dimensions of the workpiece being processed, possible errors and inaccuracies.
Automation of metalworking
Application area
Metalworking equipment
- This is the basis of various industries. This is an integral part of many areas of technical production and economic activity. Devices for mechanical processing of metal speed up the work process, reduce labor costs, reduce production costs and help optimize production.
Machines and production lines with metalworking equipment are used in the following manufacturing industries:
- mechanical engineering (precision and heavy);
- space and aircraft construction;
- shipbuilding;
- instrument making;
- bridge construction;
- automotive industry;
- construction of metal structures;
- military industry.
Metalworking machines are used in almost all industrial enterprises. The production process requires constant improvement of equipment, and modern mechanisms make it possible to create new parts. That is why technical devices for metalworking are of great importance for the economy of any country in the world.
Design
The design of metalworking machines is a connection of several key parts and mechanisms. Main operating elements of the equipment:
- Cast frame. Acts as a base. The rest of the machine parts are attached to it. Must dampen vibrations arising from engine operation.
- Control system. It is a remote control for setting up moving mechanisms.
- Spindle with chuck for equipment.
- Work surface with clamps for workpieces.
In addition to key components, guides, protective shields, calipers, movable heads and other additional elements are distinguished. We must not forget about the cooling systems. They can be air or liquid. Used on industrial equipment under heavy loads. On CNC devices, additional electric motors are installed, which are responsible for the mobility of the working part of the equipment along the guides.
There are different types of metalworking machines on sale. They differ in design, functionality, purpose, dimensions, and control systems. When choosing a production machine, these features should be taken into account. Wear-resistant designs are chosen for mass production. Less productive equipment is suitable for a garage or workshop.
Advantages of equipment in the STANEW online store catalog
The sale of machines for industrial and household use is the main direction of work of the STANEW online store. The catalog also contains spare parts and components for repair and maintenance of units. The advantages of ordering equipment from us are:
- attractive prices for all models of machines, regardless of brand and model;
- a large range of industrial equipment, machines for workshops, small enterprises, private use;
- guarantee and quality certificates for the entire range of units available for order;
- short deadlines and favorable conditions for the delivery of machine tools to any region of Russia.
If you have a need for modern metalworking units, call us or leave a request on the website. The online store’s specialists will help you choose the appropriate model and organize delivery of products to any region of the country.
