Water supply systems connected to a well necessarily require the use of special submersible pumps. They are special devices that must be located below the level of the pumped liquid. Currently, there are a large number of models of such devices on the market.
Not all of them are characterized by good quality and long service life. That is why, in order for the water supply system at home to be reliable, it is very important to correctly select the most optimal type of these devices.
Kinds
Submersible pumps, according to their design features, are divided into two large groups:
- Rod submersible pumps . They are driven using an independent motor. It is located above the surface of the water. This process occurs due to the use of a mechanical connection - the so-called rod.
- Rodless submersible pumps . They are manufactured in one unit together with the engine. It can be either electric or pneumatic. In the first case, power is supplied using a submersible electrical cable.
According to their purpose, submersible pumps are:
- Borehole.
- Wells.
- Fecal.
- Drainage
Due to the large number of private properties in the Russian Federation, borehole and well submersible pumps are primarily popular. With their help, you can ensure the operation of an autonomous water supply system for a private home or cottage. In addition, they are often used, including in various enterprises. This is because in this way a plant or factory can meet its water needs without having to rely on centralized city systems.
Operating principle
1-Vibration pump 2-Centrifugal pumps
Depending on their operating principle, there are 3 main types of submersible pumps, such as:
- Screw pumps . Their design includes a spiral that is mounted on the rotor. For its operation, a spiral located on the stator is required. As a result of rotor rotation, a certain volume of water rises upward from the well.
- Vibration pumps . They use a special vibrator. It communicates with an electromagnetic coil through which an alternating electric current passes. This creates an electromagnetic field. It is she who puts the vibrator into action. Because of this, a pumping effect occurs.
- Centrifugal pumps . Such devices are the most efficient. The operating principle of this device is based on the fact that its motor creates a rotating effect on the shaft. It is equipped with one or more wheels that have special blades. They are the ones who lift the water up.
Screw pump.
Expert opinion
Kuznetsov Vasily Stepanovich
The above submersible pumps differ from each other in their efficiency.
General characteristics and classification of submersible pumps
The most important advantage of submersible pumps is that they can be lowered to great depths without loss of performance. But the disadvantage of this property is the difficulty of maintenance.
Any pump of this type consists of a very durable sealed closed casing, which performs the protective function of all internal equipment from corrosive effects.
The design of all submersible pumps is divided into two types:
- vibration;
- centrifugal.
The design features and operating principle of the pump directly depend on its type. In general, submersible pumps are divided into 4 main types:
- centrifugal;
- borehole;
- vortex;
- fecal.
Let's take a closer look at each of the listed types.
Selection criteria: what to look for
Before purchasing a submersible pump, you need to pay attention to the criteria for choosing such a device.
They are as follows:
- Water supply height.
- Performance.
- Engine power.
- Static well level.
- Dynamic level during liquid sampling.
- Stable consumption.
The submersible pump in the well should be located at the dynamic water level during its intake.
Reviews
Although pumps from the CIS countries are inferior in quality to European ones, users respond to them more positively than negatively. And it's not just a more affordable price. The main argument is the adaptability of “domestic” equipment to the low quality of power supply that is characteristic of us. In addition, among “our” pumps you can easily find a model with low productivity, for example, the smallest “Aquarius” has only 1.15 cubic meters. m/h.
Such equipment is convenient to use in wells with low flow rates. In most cases, the productivity of imported pumps is quite high, so many users with weak wells are faced with the need to artificially reduce it. Such interference leads to a decrease in pump efficiency.
As for ease of use, imported pumps have no competition. Most models have a number of built-in sensors that avoid breakdowns and ensure minimal human participation in the operation of the plumbing system.
The pump for the dacha must be selected taking into account the seasonality of its use. If you plan to use it only in the summer, then you can choose the most inexpensive option, and if the unit is used all year round, then choose a more serious model with insulation. Which pump to choose for a well for a summer residence? Types of pumps, installation features, as well as the installation of pits and insulation.
You will learn about the operating features of the Rucheyek submersible pumps in this article.
Rating
Before buying a submersible pump, you need to pay attention to the variety of models. Present on the market. They differ from each other in technical characteristics, cost and functionality. That is why, before purchasing, you should analyze the main features of the most popular and in-demand devices.
Grundfos SQ 2-55
This well pump is designed to work with clean water. The manufacturer has provided an engine idle protection system. The power unit starts smoothly. This prevents water hammer from occurring.
The design of the model is based on the Pcut-out system. It turns off the power to the device in cases where the water in the well falls below the pump location. This prevents engine overheating.
The hydraulic parts of the device are made of polyamide. The manufacturer additionally reinforced it using fiberglass. As a result, the operating efficiency of the device has increased. Additionally, energy costs have also decreased.
This model uses rotors. They operate using special electromagnets. The product has floating impellers. All of them are equipped with independent bearings.
Advantages of the device:
- High quality build.
- Reliable parts.
- Availability of several protective systems.
- Smooth engine start.
- Wear resistance.
The model also has certain disadvantages:
- The need to ensure water purity.
- Failure when medium or large particles enter the system.
Despite the above disadvantages, the device is in demand.
ZHILEKS Water cannon PROF 55/75 House
This model is distinguished by its versatility. It can be installed to collect water from wells, wells and even open reservoirs. The device manufacturer exceeds 3 cubic meters per hour. The water pressure reaches 75 meters.
The model's case diameter is 98 millimeters. Along with the pump, the buyer also receives a special tank for storing water. It works through an automatic system that can be customized according to your needs. The kit includes shut-off valves, a pressure sensor and a cartridge filter.
The manufacturer has provided several protection systems. The device is not afraid of even significant voltage drops.
In addition, it also has the following advantages:
- Compliance with price and quality.
- High pressure power.
- Availability of settings.
- Several protective systems.
- Significant service life.
Disadvantages of the model:
- Insufficient tank volume;
- The need to protect the tank from cold.
This model is often used for equipping wells on sites.
Aquarius BCPE 0.5-50U
This device is also intended for wells. Despite this, this centrifugal model can be used for other purposes. The device does not require constant technical inspections, as it can operate for a long time without any significant problems.
The minimum diameter of the well into which the pump can be placed is 110 millimeters. These are the requirements for the model described above. The manufacturer included systems that control engine heating and pressure levels as protective functions.
Main advantages of the model:
- High level of productivity.
- Reliable assembly.
- Relatively high outlet water pressure.
- Small dimensions.
- Quiet operation.
The disadvantages of the device include such disadvantages as:
- Cannot be used if water is contaminated.
- The cost is above average.
Additionally, it is worth paying attention to the fact that this pump can also be connected to a centralized water supply system. It must be equipped with several systems. These include an expansion tank, a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch.
Technopribor Rucheek-Technopribor 1
This vibrating model is a device designed for drawing water from a well. The water temperature should not be higher than 35 degrees Celsius. The function of the instrument may be affected by the presence of silt in the liquid. That is why the pump is not recommended for use in open reservoirs.
The water pressure created by this model reaches 100 meters in the horizontal plane. The manufacturer has provided an overheating protection system. It functions by constantly cooling the engine using water. If overload occurs, a special sensor can turn off the power to the device.
The operating life of the device is quite long. This is due to the absence of parts rubbing against each other. The guarantee for correct operation of the model is 2.5 years.
The main advantages of this pump are as follows:
- Durable housing.
- High level of wear resistance.
- Cheapness.
- Reliable performance.
The disadvantages of the device include such features as:
- Possibility of sludge forming at the bottom of the container.
- Difficult to use in wells.
Despite the above operating features, the pump is often used in cases where there is a low probability of foreign particles getting into the water.
GILEKS Water cannon PROF 55/50 A
The manufacturer equipped the model with a mechanical float switch. The performance of this pump is very significant. It is about 3.5 cubic meters per hour. The engine power of the device allows you to provide a pressure of about 50 meters.
Due to the fact that the diameter of the model’s body is 98 millimeters, it can be placed not only in wells. Such a device is often used to create an automatic water supply system.
The pump has a floating wheel. As a result, it can also lift very contaminated water. It is allowed to contain 2 kilograms of sand per 1 cubic meter of liquid.
The device comes with a capacitor along with a cable. In the event of a lack of water, the device is equipped with a thermal relay to prevent idling.
The advantages of the model are as follows:
- Insignificant price.
- Operational efficiency.
- Long service life.
- Ability to work even with dirty water.
- Availability of several protection systems.
Disadvantages of the pump:
- Lack of voltage stabilizer.
- The need to install a check valve.
The check valve can be installed both on the pump and in proximity to it - at a distance of no more than 7 meters.
DAB DIVERTRON 1200
This model is considered the best pump that is capable of lifting water from wells. Using this device, the buyer can create an autonomous water supply system that does not require the installation of an expansion tank.
To prevent idling, the manufacturer has provided several systems. On the device you can notice not only the thermal relay. The device has a flow sensor. To reduce the ingress of solid particles into the area of moving elements, the pump has a special coarse water filter.
The diameter of the wells into which the model can be placed must be at least 80 centimeters. Most of the device parts are made of thermopolymer materials. They are resistant to corrosion. Stainless steel was used to produce the suction grille and motor casing. The manufacturer of the model is 5.7 cubic meters per hour.
Advantages of the device:
- Reliability of operation.
- Easy to install.
- No expansion tank.
The disadvantages of the model are as follows:
- High pressure in the first seconds after starting.
- Relatively high cost.
Due to the fact that this pump is one of the best models, it is in great demand among buyers.
Grundfos Unilift KP 150-A1
This drainage model is well suited for working with very contaminated water. It can be used to clean tanks, swimming pools, basements, cellars, etc. Stainless steel is used to produce the device body. Additionally, the device has stiffening ribs. As a result, the model is very durable.
Solids in the water can pass through the pump. Their diameter should not exceed 10 millimeters. The manufacturer equipped the device with powerful engines. Its productivity is over 9 cubic meters of water per hour.
The advantages of the model are as follows:
- Small dimensions.
- Ease of use.
- Light weight.
- Reliability.
- Durability.
Disadvantages of the pump:
- No filter.
- The need to install a check valve.
Despite the above disadvantages, the device is one of the best drainage models.
Fecal submersible pumps
It is not always possible to connect to a central sewer system in a country house. In this case, a submersible fecal pump can become an indispensable assistant.
Design features
This type of pump allows pumping not only liquids, but also particles of different sizes. Therefore, it can be used for draining wastewater, as well as for pumping liquid from areas that are constantly subject to flooding.
All external elements of the unit are made of stainless steel or cast iron, since it is forced to be in constant contact with a highly active environment. Installation of such a unit should be carried out directly in the water, at best at the very bottom. Thanks to the automated internal system, the work takes place autonomously. The pump is also equipped with guides located on the walls, which greatly facilitate the installation process. To do this, a cable is attached to it, which ensures a safe descent.
Often, submersible fecal pumps are equipped with a special grinder, which allows pumping of the largest and most solid inclusions in the pumped liquid. In the absence of such an addition, the device is capable of transporting particles with a diameter not exceeding 4 cm.
Advantages
Based on the delivery method, submersible fecal pumps are divided into: centrifugal, vortex, vibration, and auger. Centrifugal units are the most popular.
The positive properties of this device include:
- possibility of pumping particles with a diameter of 8 cm;
- high functionality;
- long service life;
- fully automated operation;
- maximum transportation range is 30 m;
- significant savings in money.
All the positive properties of the unit are obtained through a well-thought-out device, which includes a check valve, grinders, and a filter mesh.
