How to make a homemade hydraulic press in the garage

Production is unthinkable without pressing operations, and modern production even more so: the processing of metals and materials in general by cutting produces waste, which ultimately has a significant impact on the environment and economy. In a home workshop, in a garage, it is also difficult for an individual entrepreneur working in metal to do without stamping, forging, straightening, bending, molding (flattening), pressing and pressing out blanks and parts, but the choice of presses for individual use is not wide, but the prices are scary. A press is no less necessary just on the farm - for squeezing juice, oil, baling hay. Virgin juice/oil can only be obtained from a special press (see below); You need to press the grapes into the wine especially carefully and with skill. And with the choice of ready-made presses and their prices, the situation is similar to the previous one. Finally, rising energy prices are forcing many homeowners to think about switching their autonomous heating to waste (alternative) fuel, or at least how to make fuel pellets or briquettes from existing household waste (straw, husks, husks, sawdust, shavings); This also requires a special press. This publication is devoted to how to make a press with your own hands for these and some other purposes (also see below).

Homemade presses for various purposes

What is the purpose and functions of the press in everyday life and its varieties

Such devices have a very wide range of applications.
This can be not only squeezing out various parts, but also a device for a walk-behind tractor that collects hay and lays it in even rolls. Perhaps the manufacture of some durable concrete products is required, or perhaps a lot of sawdust has accumulated, from which good fuel can be made. Let's look at the main jobs that the press can perform in everyday life. This equipment can be divided into several types. The design of some types is similar, while others have fundamental design differences.

The simplest table press

Press for extruding parts from any base or shell

Such equipment will come in handy in garage conditions. It is not profitable for an ordinary motorist to purchase it, because... the cost is quite high, and they rarely perform the work. But making a press for the garage with your own hands at minimal cost is quite acceptable.

You can use a similar press for silent blocks or bearings, i.e. for those parts whose installation and dismantling cannot be done manually. Having spent a little time, you can design and assemble a device, the cost of which in a store can exceed 50,000 rubles.

Wooden press for making fuel briquettes

Device for compacting various materials into dense briquettes

Such a device will help put old newspapers into use, which will make good fuel for the stove. A waste paper press will help you save on purchasing coal or firewood. In addition, the need to dispose of unnecessary correspondence, of which many have accumulated a huge amount, disappears.

Approximately the same principle can be used to make a sawdust press. The excellent fuel that will be obtained when using it has proven itself well not only in stove heating, but even on vacation. Long burning, intense heat and lack of smoke – these are the advantages that helped fuel briquettes made using a press gain popularity. Shish kebab, barbecue or a hot fire with minimal flame - what else is needed for a good rest?

And this is a schematic representation of it

There is another option to compress coal chips instead of sawdust. In this case, it will be a fuel that burns for a very long time and produces a huge amount of heat. And there is usually a lot of such crumble in the coal sheds of houses that are heated with it. So why not put him into action?

Press for recycling plastic and cardboard

Surely many have seen cardboard boxes that are tightly compressed into a tight stack. This is also the work of the press. After all, it is much more convenient to export such material when it is compactly packaged. A cardboard press is one of the easiest to make with your own hands. Other solid materials can be disposed of using approximately the same principle. For example, with the help of a press, plastic bottles are transformed into neat layers that are convenient for transportation.

A mechanical cardboard press is a very convenient device.

But still, pressing plants bring the greatest help in agriculture.

Mechanized harvest assistant

To collect the straw remaining on the field after harvesting, or forage hay, it is optimal to use a homemade pick-up press. Moreover, it will not only make work easier. Straw will be rolled into neat, dense rolls that are convenient to transport and store.

In the drawings of a do-it-yourself hay press, it is necessary to indicate the dimensions - this will help in the end to assemble everything correctly. Although there are options for very simple units, more on that below.

The simplest wooden hay press - minimum material and manufacturing time

Well, for starters, before you start making such a unit yourself, it is important to understand the designs of its various types, understand their differences and decide on the necessary material

Screw household presses

The first economic task for which a press is needed is squeezing juice and oil from juicy fruits. The latter, however, is irrelevant in the Russian Federation: olives do not grow here, and oil cannot be squeezed out of seeds by pressure; it is beaten out by impact pressing on oil churns. Juicer presses are often made on the model of production and technological ones from jacks in a wooden frame, because The pressing force required is no more than 1-1.5 tf, see, for example. video:

Video: press for apples, berries and fruits

But the correct press juicer must be a manual screw press with a wooden basket, see fig.:

Manual screw press juicer and its device

The screw gives your hands the ability to sensitively regulate the pressure, and only the press with a wooden basket produces the highest quality virgin juice/oil. If we are talking about grape juice for elite wine, but all parts of the press in contact with it are also made of wood; The best species for this are oak and mulberry aged for at least 3 years.

About winemaking and wine presses

The grape variety and the conditions for its cultivation are not all that is needed to obtain good wine.
For example, many excellent grape varieties grow in the Northern Azov region: the climate is suitable, shell limestone soils are abundant. But during the perestroika struggle for sobriety, an article appeared in Science and Life about the content of fusel oils in homemade alcohol. It was the northern Azov homemade wines that came out on top: 3700 mg/l (!!!). The second place was taken by Sumy potato moonshine, 1900 mg/l; the rest of the “self-propelled guns” were ahead by a wide margin. The holidaymakers who at that time dared to try the local “varyokha” from one glass, excuse me, “got further than they saw.” Winemaking in general is a delicate matter, and squeezing juice into wine is its most important stage. The juice for wine from elite grape varieties is pressed as follows: for Pinot wines, berries of a certain degree of ripeness are manually selected directly from the bunches on the vines. Selected berries are pressed lightly in 3-5 stages so that only pure juice is released without any admixture of slimy pulp, and the seeds and skin do not have time to release tannins. The remainder of the harvest is added to the Pinot pressings and pressed in the usual way; In this way, juice is obtained for wine of the same variety in the Mosto category. Real Mosto is also a very good wine, but Pinot... you understand - hand-picked one berry at a time by experienced highly paid workers and completely manually pressed “with bated breath.” Therefore, the prefix “Pino” to the names of cheap draft wines (by the way, very often very decent ones) is nothing more than a shameless scam. Unfortunately, it is now legalized in most countries with developed winemaking.

Drawings of a manual screw press for squeezing fruit juices of the highest quality are shown in the figure:

Drawings of a screw hand press for extracting premium quality juices

In addition to the above, it has two more significant features. The first is a relatively small diameter steering wheel instead of a gate. It is difficult to turn the gate perfectly evenly; it transfers pressure into the hand weakly and it is easy to crush the load of raw materials. The second is the rectangular thread of the screw-nut running pair. Better, but technologically more difficult - trapezoidal; threads of the same profile are used wherever smooth, precise clamping is required, e.g. in a mechanic's vice.

It is difficult to turn even a rectangular thread, and it is expensive to order, so if you are making such a press, look in scrap metal for unusable water supply or gas main shut-off valves (valves, gate valves). Their running pairs have rectangular threads, which, if the rust is removed, are most often in order - the valves are the first to become unusable.

Note: for more information about making a juicer with a wooden basket, see the video:

Video: juice press

Lever presses

Manual tabletop lever press for installing metal fittings in garments

Lever presses are also quite common in everyday life and households. For example, in sewing for installing eyelets, buttons, fasteners, dress rivets, denim buttons. The structure of a “tailor’s” desktop hand press is shown in Fig. on right. For precise centering of the clamp, its rod slides in the holder, as in a lever press with a sliding stop, see Fig. above. with types of presses. But the kinematic diagram is different: in this case, a pair of pressure levers and shackles is used. In such a press, the clamping force increases quite smoothly along the course of the rod, which is exactly what is needed for high-quality flaring of the sides of metal sewing accessories. At the lower end of the rod there is a blind threaded hole (socket) into which shaped punches for various types of fittings are screwed.

The next pressing operation, which is often required by owners of private farms and small farmers keeping livestock, is hay baling. Moderately compacted hay not only requires less storage space and is less likely to crumble in the process, but is also much less susceptible to pest damage.

For baling hay for storage, mechanized balers are produced and sold, but these are expensive and rather complex units. They justify themselves only in a sufficiently large, profitable economy. The owner of a private plot or a small individual farmer, at least at first, is better off using a scythe, a rake and a manual lever hay baler, the device of which is shown in the following. rice.:

Lever Hand Baler

This is a basket with an opening gate, a simple one, without any kinematic tricks, a lever with a shoulder ratio of 1:6 - 1:10, and a punch (punch) made of a board panel. Hay is loaded into a basket with a closed gate - pressed, loaded - pressed until a bale of the desired size is formed; they take it out by opening the gate.

Manual lever press for forming fuel briquettes

Finally, let’s remember about independent procurement of alternative solid fuel. Fuel pellets, which produce the lowest ash content when burned, are formed in screw thermoforming installations of a rather complex design, see Fig. on right. Their disadvantage from the point of view of the owner is also significant energy consumption, which can negate savings on the purchase of standard fuel for a furnace or boiler.

It is much easier to build a wall-mounted manual lever press for manually pressing fuel briquettes from dry combustible agricultural waste, see next. rice.:

Diagram of a thermoforming installation for producing fuel pellets

For more information about its production, see the video in 2 parts:

What is a garage press for and how does it work?

A garage press can generate force from several tens to several thousand tons. This value is calculated individually. The device is actively used for:

• Metalworking (stamping, straightening, bending, forging);
• Manufacturing of steel profiles, wood chip products;
• Pressing of all kinds of materials (plastic, rubber, etc.);
• Briquetting.

How to use a garage press in your home workshop? By spending a little time, effort (and a small amount of money), you free yourself from expensive visits to car services to replace a silent block or bearing.

You can easily make any metal blank, straighten it, glue several parts (from plastic, iron, cardboard), and even squeeze out oil. A homemade garage press is a necessary and multifunctional device.

However, before you start creating a hydraulic press with your own hands, it is important to understand the principle of operation of the mechanism. The unit consists of two chambers of different sizes

Pressure transfers fluid from the smaller cylinder to the larger cylinder.

Diagram of a homemade press

Both chambers are connected to each other by a special channel through which the working solution circulates. The larger container contains the piston. When the liquid used (usually a special oil) fills the large chamber, the piston is lowered and thereby operates the actuator.

In most cases, the working cylinder is fixed in a vertical position, but sometimes it is more rational to install the container horizontally. How to do press correctly? What do you need to buy to build a useful homemade product? Let's figure it out.

Types of pressing devices

Before considering how to make a press with your own hands, let’s get acquainted with its main types. It is customary to distinguish several types of pressing devices, some of which have a similar structure, while the design of others is fundamentally different.

Project development

The bed is the most important design element of a hydraulic press. This is a kind of frame, with driven slats along which a horizontal beam moves. Working surfaces are attached to it to compress parts. The frame must be strong enough to withstand the force created by the jack, and have a safety margin, because the design pressure on the moving beam has a counteraction in the opposite direction. If the calculation is incorrect, the design of the press may simply collapse due to rupture.

It is better to design the frame of a homemade press with a platform-type base with a movable table. Their dimensions are calculated in accordance with the dimensions of the materials being processed. In any case, the width and height of the frame opening must be larger than the total dimensions of all working elements of the equipment. To determine the width and height of the opening, you need to add up the following parameters:

• thickness of the moving table and platform
• jack dimensions
• rod stroke value
• dimensions of processed workpieces.

In this design of a hydraulic press, the jack is attached to the base of the frame between the platform and the movable table, and its upper part takes on the function of support. The work table transmits force from the jack to the workpiece. The table should move up and down on the frame along the side rails without obstruction.

To ensure the table moves in the opposite direction, tension springs with sufficient tensile rigidity are used. They are attached at one end to the base of the frame, and at the other to the movable table on both sides. The springs must be selected so that their stiffness matches the characteristics of the jack.

The stroke of the hydraulic jack rod can be adjusted using the following methods:

1. A screw drive is installed at the top of the frame. This element is equipped with a special steering wheel, similar to a drilling machine. During the pressing process, you will have to quickly screw in the screw, thus reducing the clearance between the workpiece and the moving element of the press. Thus, it becomes possible to change the clearance within a wide range for the location of pressed objects inside the frame.

2. Equip the structure with a removable movable table. In this case, it is attached to a movable horizontal beam using special locks, and holes are drilled in the vertical side posts of the frame with a height increment slightly less than the stroke of the rod.

3. Use replaceable steel pads. Steel sheets of various thicknesses are perfect for these elements.

All these methods can be used in combination. The dimensions of all parts must be included in the drawing, taking into account the dimensions of the parts being processed and the characteristics of the rolled metal for assembling the frame.

Materials and tools for work

To manufacture the press structure, some parts can be found among unnecessary fragments of equipment that has served its useful life, and some of the materials will need to be purchased on the market:

• A corner made of metal, at least 5 cm wide, several fragments of which will be useful when assembling the transport table and frame frame.
• Steel sheet, about 7 mm thick, necessary for leveling various flat surfaces.
• Steel plates, at least 10 mm thick, are intended to strengthen the entire working system.
• A channel, the optimal width of which is 6 cm, with a length of 14 cm.
• Pipes of round or rectangular cross-section, with dimensions 4x4 cm, as well as a piece of pipe, up to 15 cm long, intended for attaching the jack rod.

To work, you will need tools that are generally available in every workshop. Among them: drill, welding machine, grinder, tape measure, hacksaw and level.

From special equipment, a threaded plug may be useful.

Manufacturing

The most important characteristics of a homemade garage press are reliability and safety margin. The device is always made well, with a large margin of safety, since almost all components are subject to serious pressure and load. Therefore, any mistake during the manufacturing process will lead to inevitable breakdown.

How to make a garage press with your own hands?

You should start by creating a frame and platform. To make it, they take channels that have numerous stiffening ribs.

A rectangular metal pipe is also used as a blank.

4 pieces are cut out of it according to the dimensions of the drawing. Metal pieces are welded into one element.

The welds should go on the sides to increase the rigidity of the mechanism. Vertical posts and stops are also made from pipe. After this, you can start welding the frame. Its main elements are a platform, two posts, and a lower stop. The frame will take the force, distribute it and ensure the stability of the entire structure.

The platform must be supplemented with a retainer. A pipe 15-20 millimeters long is suitable for this role. The diameter of the pipe is determined based on the dimensions of the jack rod. To secure the fastener, welding is used.

Then a removable stop is made. The emphasis will ensure the movement of the press and create the necessary force on the product placed in the device. This unit is made using steel strips. The stripes should be slightly shorter than the distance between the posts.

The minimum thickness of metal strips is 10-15 millimeters. The strips are welded on both sides. Fixation of the stop will be ensured by two holes that are drilled in the strips themselves.

After creating the frame, a hydraulic bottle jack is placed in it. During installation, the stops are pulled back and fixed. The jack is placed inside so that the rod fits into the lock. Fastening is done with bolts or welding. It is advisable to use bolts; they will allow you to remove the jack if necessary. This way you can use it for other purposes.

Read about how to make racks, shelves, a workbench and a car lift in your garage.

Jack press: critical links

Vibrations during press operation often reveal themselves as creaking and groaning metal. Mechanical stresses in the elements of its design are inaudible and invisible, but can quickly negate the efforts and costs of its creator, and a broken crossarm can cause injury and damage. Therefore, the choice of construction materials for the press and its technical design as a whole must be taken no less seriously.

An erroneous solution would be a welded frame made of corrugated pipe (item 1 in the figure below): it practically does not dampen vibration, and welded seams are susceptible to cracking due to the forces generated during pressing. The corrugated pipe is quite massive, very elastic and therefore is a good energy accumulator. That is, if a crack creeps along one of the seams, the heavy traverse with sharp corners can instantly break off and fly to the side.

Examples of erroneous and correct technical execution of a homemade press frame

The frame of a homemade press must be made from channels, single or paired. The I-beam fits worse: at the slightest asymmetry of the pressing force relative to the vertical axis of the frame, significant transverse stresses arise in the I-beam flange, which is contraindicated for this type of profile. In addition, the I-beam is not designed to accept concentrated loads.

A frame welded from a single channel with reinforcing jibs (item 2 in the figure) will be quite reliable and stable under a load of approx. up to 5 tf; A 10 ton jack is too strong for this press. Press crossbars for a pressing force of up to 12-15 tf should be made from paired channels with the shelves facing outwards, pos. 3. This is again the best option for a garage or service station: there is no need to make holes in the traverses for the passage of shafts, which would unacceptably weaken the frame. If the press is designed to work at maximum effort (stamping, forming, bending), then the best option is a powerful single channel (see below) and a bolted frame, pos. 4; Tack welding in this case is technological, facilitating frame assembly. Bolts, firstly, will prevent sudden destruction of the frame. Secondly, they will be good vibration absorbers.

Which channel should I take?

The standard dimensions of the channel for the hydraulic press frame are selected from the jack as follows. in the following way (it is assumed that the profile is made of ordinary structural steel St44 or similar, and the traverses are solid):

• For force up to 2 tf – single from 80x40x4 mm; paired from 60x30x4 mm.
• For a force of 2-5 tf - single from 100x50x6 mm; paired from 80x40x4 mm.
• For a force of 5-10 tf - single from 160x80x8 mm; paired from 120x60x6 mm.
• For a force of 10-15 tf - single from 220x110x12 mm; paired from 150x75x8 mm.
• For force up to 25 tf – single from 280x140x15 mm; paired from 180x90x9 mm.

What are the columns made of?

Homemade hydraulic press with twin round columns

The columns of the press frame do not work for bending, like traverses, but for tension, which the metal resists much better. However, the design of the columns mainly determines the vibration resistance of the press. The channel is not ideal in this regard; it does not dampen vibrations well. To test, tap with a hammer on the sections of channel and square corrugated pipe - they ring almost the same. The sound from a solid steel rod will be much muffled. In addition, round press columns take lateral loads well, especially if the columns are paired. In this case, the press turns out to be as compact and light as possible (see figure on the right), which significantly or completely compensates for its increased labor intensity.

Note : if the press is designed for small forces (mechanical assembly and repair work), then the round columns of its frame can be made from pipes, see video:

Video: jack press

What is the structure of a hydraulic press and how to make it

A hydraulic press is absolutely indispensable in rural areas. And it was invented back in 1975. The principle of its operation is to use communicating cylinders with pistons of different diameters. Moreover, the less pressure, i.e. the hydraulic pump and the more receiving hydraulic cylinder, the stronger the pressure will be created with less force. In essence, this can be compared to the movement of a car in a low gear.

The operating principle of hydraulics is much clearer this way

The most common form of hydraulic press, as already mentioned, has become a rectangular frame. And the main task in its manufacture is accurate calculations. The first step is, of course, to draw up a diagram of the future press, because Without it, it will be difficult to figure out all the connections. Both the quality and speed of assembly of the unit depend on how detailed it is.

All structural elements must be made of steel, with a thickness of at least 15 mm. This is done so that the frame does not move during operation, because significant force will be applied. The main thing that needs to be considered is the design itself. It is necessary to remember that hydraulic jacks are designed specifically for working in a vertical position and cannot be placed on their side, nor can they be installed with the rod down.

Mechanical work with a hydraulic press becomes much easier

Ideally, you should get the following design. A rectangular, elongated upward frame is fixed to the frame. Inside the frame, vertically along the edges, there are 2 guides along which a horizontal crossbar runs up and down. A hydraulic jack is fixed on top of it, and the transverse beam itself is suspended from the upper part of the frame by springs, which ensure that the transverse beam is pressed back when the jack is loosened.

An ideal example of a homemade hydraulic press

The hydraulic press produced in this way will press down when the jack is “pumped up” and rise up when it is loosened using springs. A large nut can be welded to the bottom of the beam, into which various tips needed for a particular job will subsequently be screwed.

If you have a separate hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic pump at hand, then you can make a more convenient unit. Indeed, in this case, it becomes possible to install a pedal, and during work both hands remain free, which is sometimes extremely necessary.

In general, how to make a hydraulic press is everyone’s business. And the answer to this question is limited only by the imagination and wishes of the master. A little ingenuity and now an exclusive device is ready that meets all the requirements of convenience.

Drawing diagram of a hydraulic press - everything is clear and clear

The importance of drawing up drawings of a self-made hydraulic press

The main task in such work is accuracy and attentiveness. And if the dimensions of, for example, vertical posts do not match, the unit may press slightly to the side, which in some cases can be critical

That’s why drawing up drawings of a manual hydraulic press with your own hands is very important. Moreover, all dimensions on them must be written down and calculated down to the millimeter.

And during manufacturing, deviations from the drawing are unacceptable.

A hydraulic press drawing of which is drawn up correctly and will function perfectly. For a typical garage installation, the ideal size would be a supporting frame 50 cm wide and up to 1 m high.

Features of creating a mini press

People who prefer to use compact equipment often make a homemade tabletop press. This is the simplest design, which is rarely used in practice. For example, it is used to crack walnuts or press fragile tin or plastic products.

Dense wooden boards are used to make the frame of the device. Four boards are connected to each other to form a rectangular frame. A movable pressing surface, which is also made of wood, is connected to the top of the frame. Conventional medical syringes are used as a hydraulic system.

Operating principle and design features

A hydraulic press is a type of special equipment for a home garage that is used to process workpieces or other parts under high pressure. It is often used by car service workers when repairing cars. The press can be used to make briquettes from waste or to bend metal objects.

A professional car press is not cheap, which is why some people try to make one themselves. However, before doing this, it is better to familiarize yourself with the features of its design and basic functional principles.

The design includes two main chambers, which are made in the form of cylinders. In the smaller of them, pressure increases due to oil pumping into the second, enlarged cylinder. Liquid is pumped between the cylindrical chambers using a pipe-shaped channel connecting the chambers. When oil enters the second cylinder, the pressure on the piston responsible for the operation of the press increases. The device is also equipped with special supports into which the product being processed is placed.

Advantages of a homemade hydraulic press

The main advantage is the cost. A device assembled from improvised materials will cost much less than factory-made analogues. For your needs, you can use different design options, creating a device with different parameters and taking into account the need for effort. Thanks to its simple and inexpensive design, which does not have safety devices, you can perform many complex tasks with a minimum of physical effort.

Installation of an adjustable support beam for a return mechanism for a homemade hydraulic press

The lower and upper beams must have the same cross-section. The elements differ only in design. To make the lower support element, two channels are used, which should be turned with their ribs outward. They must be placed on opposite sides of the racks and welded to their central part using inserts from corners or thick reinforcement.

Fixation of the beam on the racks is carried out using massive steel fingers. Under them, a series of circular cuts should be made at different heights with parallel placement in vertical channels. The diameter of the holes must correspond to the cross-section of the bolts.

Another structural element of a self-made hydraulic garage press is a spring mechanism, thanks to which the jack returns to its original position when the bypass valve opens. Simple springs for finishing doors, which can be purchased at a hardware store, are suitable for this.

The springs used for finishing the doors ensure the operation of the adjustable support beam of the return mechanism.

The task is complicated by the upper pressure beam, which has significant weight, as a result of which the spring may not compress. You can get out of this situation by increasing the number of spring elements to 4-6 pieces, which is acceptable for a self-made desktop hydraulic press. You can also use more powerful elements designed for doors, which is more relevant for floor installations.

If there is no top block, the springs are attached to the jack rod. Fixation is performed using a washer whose internal hole is larger than the rod adjusting screw, but smaller than the diameter of the piston. The spring should be fastened through two small outer holes and fixed to the upper beam in the same way. The spring may not be installed strictly vertically. Excess length of the element can be compensated by its inclined arrangement.

On a note! Welded hooks can also be used to secure the spring.

Press for rubber-metal joints

This tool is suitable for the garage. It is not advisable to buy a factory-made unit, since this will require significant financial costs, and it will not be used often.

Let us remind you that the device for rubber-metal hinges is used when carrying out repair and maintenance work in a car, when, for example, it is necessary to press in or press out bearings.

When assembling a press with your own hands for the garage, it is important to pay attention to such things as:

• dimensions;
• weight;
• installation of a pressure gauge;
• calculation of technical characteristics of the frame;
• piston parametric data.

To develop such a mechanism, a lot of points must be taken into account. Some people have a car that weighs no more than a ton, while others own multi-ton cargo transport. A press of the simplest design will not be suitable for a truck.

Vibropress

This mechanism is used when it is necessary to strengthen cinder blocks and similar concrete products. A cement-sand mixture and crushed stone are placed inside a special form. Then they apply pressure to it and turn on vibration. As a result, excess air is removed, due to which the strength characteristics of the product are improved.

Creating a brick making press in a workshop is quite feasible. However, you should be prepared that you will need to spend more than one hour of your personal time and make a lot of effort.

Relevant knowledge will also be needed. Therefore, if you need to work on sidewalk tiles or something similar, experts recommend making a standard vibrating table.

Essentially, nothing will change if the composition in the mold is not compressed by a press, but simply loses excess air under the influence of vibration.

Option for waste paper

This is a necessary thing in the household. Everyone gradually accumulates piles of old newspapers, magazines, unnecessary documents and cardboard boxes. We need to get rid of all this.

For disposal, it is recommended to assemble a hydraulic press with your own hands with average power characteristics. This device operates from an electrical outlet, but uses electricity sparingly.

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In this case, the size of the press with your own hands is quite small. At the same time, it allows you to compress a fairly large amount of paper and cardboard. It is also used to remove cans and plastic containers.

If you assemble it yourself, you need to consider:

• mass;
• piston indicators;
• geometric parameters of the tool;
• characteristics of the bed.

What to consider when developing a drawing of a homemade press

The supporting element of any press, including a homemade one, is the frame, the development of a drawing of which should be approached with the utmost responsibility. Structurally, the bed is a frame, inside of which there is a jack with a working tool that exerts pressure on the part or workpiece.

The type of bed may vary significantly depending on the purpose of the press

The lower part of the frame - its base - is designed taking into account the fact that it must ensure high stability of the entire structure. When calculating the width of the internal opening of the frame of a homemade press, they take into account both the dimensions of the parts and workpieces that will be processed on it, as well as the total dimensions of all the components of the future press.

Another bed option with a simple base design to ensure stability

When calculating the height of the internal opening of the frame, the following parameters are summed up: the height of the jack, the desired amount of free play of its rod, the thickness of the working element and the part that needs to be processed. If a homemade press is made according to the first scheme, then its design is as follows: the jack is installed on the lower base, and the part is installed in the upper part of the frame; the force from the jack to the part is transmitted through its rod and a movable working platform moving along guides in the side elements of the frame.

In order to ensure that the rod returns to its original state, two springs are used, the lower part of which is attached to the base, and the upper part is attached to the movable working platform

If you decide to make a press from a jack with your own hands, then it is very important to correctly calculate the stiffness of the springs so that they effectively perform all the functions assigned to them

When implementing the second scheme, a part is placed on the lower base, and the jack is installed on a movable platform, to which springs are also attached, connecting it to the upper crossbar of the frame. In both the first and second cases, a so-called socket is made at the point of contact of the rod with the movable platform or the upper crossbar of the frame, for which a piece of pipe of the appropriate diameter can be used.

The inability to adjust the height of the working area simplifies the design, but significantly limits the options for using the press

A self-made hydraulic press will be much more convenient to use if it includes the ability to adjust the free jack rod, which also affects the permissible height of the workpiece. To do this, you can do the following.

• In the upper part of the internal contour of the frame there is an additional plate, which can move along the guides due to a screw drive with a steering wheel. Thus, it is possible to change the clearance within a fairly wide range for the placement of parts inside the frame.
• You can make a removable stop, which is most often used as a mobile removable platform. The position of such a stop inside the frame can be fixed using bolted connections, for which holes are drilled in the frame at a certain pitch. In this case, the height spacing of such holes should not exceed the free play of the jack rod.
• From a solid piece of metal or a metal profile, you can make several replaceable inserts-gaskets of different thicknesses.
• You can also use several of the methods described above at the same time.

Drawings and technology for assembling a hydraulic press

Before manufacturing a hydraulic press, you will have to develop a diagram in advance and determine the dimensions of the device.

The process of creating a hydraulic system begins with the development of the frame, which is considered the most important component of the design.

It is made strong so that it does not break during jacking. When manufacturing the bed, special molds are used, and therefore its base is made in the form of a platform. The width of the bed depends on the elements that will be processed by the press, and the height depends on the size of the jack.

When the bed is made, a jack is installed on its base. If the device is positioned correctly, its upper part will be responsible for supporting the workpieces being processed. At the top of the jack there is a metal frame on which the work table is installed. The frame for the table must be movable so that it can move in a vertical position.

Two hydraulic cylinders with tension springs are installed on the sides of the frame. They are attached to the structure to return the jack to its original position. Sometimes, instead of two springs, only one is used.

DIY hydraulic press with electric motor

The manufacture of the device begins with making a drawing of a hydraulic press with your own hands, drawing all the structural elements and indicating their dimensions.

The flange for a hydraulic press with an electric motor can be made from a car hub.

The frame of the structure must withstand significant loads, so it must be made of durable material. The best solution is to use a T-beam, which will not bend under a hydraulic press.

The frame is represented by a U-shaped frame, which is installed on a base of thinner angles or channels. In the central part of the frame in height, it is necessary to install a working platform from a thick-walled channel by welding.

The next step in making a homemade hydraulic press with your own hands is the installation of a hydraulic cylinder on the frame, which is carried out in a certain sequence. To ensure reliable fastening of the hydraulic pump, it should be fixed to a metal plate using a flange. The slab itself is mounted on I-beams of the frame.

The flange can be made from a car hub by processing it on a lathe. In the metal plate for installing the hydraulic cylinder, you need to weld a round boss to fix the lathe in the chuck. After boring the hole, the plate is welded to the base of the frame.

A high pressure hose is used to connect the oil station to the hydraulic cylinder.

A flange with the required mounting hole is put on the hydraulic cylinder and welded in a circle. To ensure the reliability of the device, it is necessary to manufacture and attach another flange to the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder, welding it to the beams.

Note! The flange and hydraulic cylinder must be welded to each other as evenly as possible, so the surface of the first is pre-processed on a lathe.

A metal plate with welded beams is fixed to the frame by welding. It contains holes for mounting bolts. To ensure normal operation of the press, an oil station should be installed, connecting it to the hydraulic cylinder using hoses.

Electric drive circuit and development

When creating such a device, you will need an engine that produces electricity.

First, a frame is made from two guides, which are made of iron tubes with a rectangular cross-section. Special holes are drilled in the pipes to which the platform will be attached. After the frame is made, a “lift” is made to move the press platform. To create it you will need metal corners. When the “lift” is made, a pressure pad is made. It is made from durable channel that can withstand a load of 1-2 tons.

Then a jack and a spring are installed on the machine, which is placed between the “lift” and the upper supporting surface. At the final stage of creating the press, the electric motor is connected to a jack and a pedal is connected to the equipment to adjust the power of the electro-hydraulic press.

Design examples

Vibration and mechanical stability of the press are very important when repairing and maintaining cars; especially cars. Scuffing and misalignment of the fit of mating parts is not everything; the appearance of the machine is also important. That is, the press used for straightening and/or tuning a car must have the smoothest possible motion and be as accurate as possible. This is achieved by the increased material and labor intensity of the design: the columns are made of turned steel, and the table and traverses are made of solid metal plates.

Drawings of a hydraulic press from a jack with increased accuracy and stability are shown in Fig.:

Drawings of a hydraulic press (from a jack) of increased accuracy and stability

Without compromising the performance of the press, in the geometric center of its upper fixed traverse (part 1), you can drill a hole with a diameter of up to 40 mm for the passage of the shaft/axis when pressing mating parts onto it or, conversely, pressing it out of them. Maximum short-term (10 min/1.5 hour break) working force – approx. 10 ts.

On the trail. rice. Drawings of a press of a similar design and technical design, but for production and technological purposes, are given.

Drawings of a production and technological hydraulic press from a jack with a force of 12 tf

The maximum force is already regular long-term: up to 50% of the working time, therefore the design of this product is much more complicated. The special feature of this press is its double combination frame. Its chassis is on round turned columns, and its support is welded from channels. This frame dampens vibrations very well in almost any fashion. The fact is that the mechanical quality factor of a square pipe welded end-to-end from channels is very low: the elastic waves that enter it, figuratively speaking, become entangled in metal of uneven thickness and are additionally damped in the welds. For more information on the experience of amateur manufacturing of hydraulic presses from jacks, see the video:

Press hammer

To put an end to repair and technological presses, let’s remember what we promised: how can impact pressing be used in a home workshop or at an individual entrepreneur? In the form of a pedal press hammer; It can be used as forging, riveting and stamping.

Presses of this type are also called lever hammers. Their ancestor is a forging hammer driven by a water wheel. The impact force of the press hammer is far from record-breaking, only a few thousand tons. But due to the characteristics of the behavior of metal under impact described above, lever hammers are quite effective, especially since the force and speed of the impact can be adjusted accordingly. character by pressing the pedal.

Arrangement of lever hammers for impact pressing

The kinematic diagram of the lever hammer is shown in pos. a) Fig., and in pos. b) – a device of its traditional type. At pos. c) – a device for an improved lever hammer: a parallelogram suspension of the upper striker (as the punch is called in this case) on a pair of earrings (swinging arms) provides a direct blow, and by moving the rod clamp (carriage) along the lower earring, as shown by arrows, the impact force is precisely adjusted . A pair of springs (the lower one is adjustable) makes it possible to achieve mechanical indifference of the striker: within the working stroke, it remains in any position where it is placed by hand; this makes it possible, without changing the weight of the striker, to precisely regulate the kinetic energy stored in it. Even jewelers and yachtsmen use such lever hammers to install powerful grommets in sails and assemble useful things tightly.

Which one should I do?

Pressure pressing allows you to perform almost all pressing operations necessary in everyday life. Homemade presses are most often made energy-autonomous, i.e. without a separate drive, working fluid reservoirs, pumping stations, etc. The choice of one or another design of the press is ultimately determined by its purpose and working force.

It is easiest to use a car jack as a power unit built into the press - it develops a force of up to 100 tf, and jacks for 10 tf are commonly used. The only operation that a jack press cannot handle is molding (flattening) the ends of rods during artistic cold forging.

The most commonly used jack is a hydraulic bottle jack (but see also below). In this case, a hydraulic press can be made according to one of the traces. frame design diagrams (see figure):

Basic design diagrams of homemade presses

• Pos. A – the jack is turned upside down, tightly fixed to the fixed upper cross-beam, and a punch is attached to the head of the working rod of the jack. This is the simplest and at the same time reliable and vibration-resistant design (see below for the role of vibrations in the operation of the press). Disadvantages - if the jack is needed for its intended purpose, dismantling it is quite difficult and time consuming, and swinging the lever of a jack hanging upside down is not very handy.
• Pos. B – diagram with a movable table. Structurally more difficult, because a movable traverse is added - a table. They pump the jack as always, it’s easy to remove it, because... it may not be secured at all. Disadvantages – worst vibration resistance; in addition, the technology of most pressing operations is designed for the punch to press on the workpiece or part from above, but if it’s the other way around, it’s difficult and may not work out at all. But for repair and/or mechanical assembly work, this is the best option: if you need to squeeze out a tightly rusted shaft from a pulley or bearing or, conversely, press them onto the shaft, then its (the shaft’s) length is limited only by the height of the ceiling in the workshop. In general, a hydraulic press with a moving table made from a jack is the best option for a garage or service station.
• Pos. B – with a power unit on a movable cross-beam. Structurally the most complex, but vibration-resistant, strong and durable, because the load on the weakest link - the movable traverse - is not point-based, but actually dispersed. The jack may also not be secured, but if it turns out and crashes, the consequences will be worse than if it falls off the base plate. The disadvantage is that pumping a jack that slowly creeps down is not very convenient.

Note: the base plate is a heavy, bulky, material-intensive thing. Placing a press on a slab in a workshop or garage is not always possible. Therefore, the frame of homemade presses is most often placed not on a slab, but on a lower fixed cross-beam, structurally similar to the upper one (see below). This reduces the vibration resistance of the press by approx. twice, but for amateur conditions this is acceptable.

A manually driven screw press (pos. D) allows you to create a force of up to a maximum of 1.5-2.5 tf. In working with metal it is used when this is sufficient, in the following. cases (see also video):

When pressing force less than the specified values ​​is sufficient:

Video: manual screw press for the workshop

Large stroke required:

Video: screw press 2/2

As a small or mini press for small, not very important jobs:

Video: small screw press

How to remove:

Video: homemade press for removing bearings and pulleys

Note: a structurally simple frameless lever hand press, pos. D in Fig. But it finds greater use in everyday life and households (see below), because with its help you can develop a force of no more than 300-400 kgf.

Is it just hydraulics?

A homemade jack press can be not only hydraulic. Many passenger cars are equipped with a diamond-shaped screw jack when sold. It produces a force of no more than 2-2.5 tf, but is cheap (“a new, good one” can be purchased for 1,300 rubles). A small amount of effort is not only a drawback: the frame of a press with a screw jack can be made of a wooden beam from 150x150, and it is also possible to adapt an electric drill to it as a drive, see fig.:

Homemade mechanical press with electric drive from a screw diamond jack

If the maximum you need is to bend rods up to 8-10 mm, such a press will be enough for that. And an interesting fact: about 10 years ago, the author of the article happened to accidentally meet a figure who, working 3-4 hours on the first 2-3 days of the week, earned 20-25 thousand rubles. per month At that time the amount was considerable. How? I bought empty metal cans for half the purchase price of scrap metal, flattened them and sold them at a normal price. Most of the cans they brought were beer ones, they are aluminum, and they are expensive. He complained, however, that the work was dirty - the bulk of the raw materials were brought in by homeless people.

Pressing and vibration

Vibrations of metal stretching during pressing are the scourge of large industry, and giant presses, like the one that NKMZ supplied to the French Forzhal from the USSR, are therefore extremely complex units. But individual entrepreneurs and amateurs should also pay the most serious attention to the vibration resistance of the press. A scuff on a hardened shaft or journal of an axle shaft is an irreparable defect.

Manufacturing process

When the drawing of your future hydraulic press is ready, and all the necessary materials, tools, equipment and components are available, we proceed directly to manufacturing. The first thing to do is to cut all the metal, guided by the dimensions indicated in the drawing.

One of the drawing options for making a press

Now you need to make the base of the press, for which prepared square pipes are welded together, and a steel plate is welded onto the rectangle formed from them. Then the side and top parts of the frame are welded together, carefully ensuring that the resulting U-shaped structure is smooth and has strictly right angles in the joints. Now the resulting structure should be welded to the base and we can assume that the frame for your hydraulic press is ready.

The next element that you will need to make for the press is a movable platform. To make it, you can use a channel, square or rectangular pipe. A piece of pipe is welded in the central part of the platform, which will serve as a socket for the head of the jack rod. To make guides for the working platform, you will need two steel strips, the length of which must correspond to the width of the press frame along its outer contour.

A variant of the press design with a movable lower platform, which is fixed with bolts

The strips are attached to the sides of the mobile platform using bolted connections, having previously brought it inside the frame. A removable stop is made using the same scheme, but holes are drilled in its guide strips opposite the frame posts to fix it at the desired height. The process of making a hydraulic press with your own hands is completed by installing tension springs and the jack itself. Such a hydraulic press is also convenient because you can always remove the jack from it (for example, if you need to use it to repair a car).

Required drawings

As for the drawings and dimensions for making a press, there are a lot of options and possibilities. First you need to decide what size car you will use the jack with press for.

Everything here is extremely simple, the larger the machine, the correspondingly larger the press will be, and therefore the more sophisticated the drawings.

Let’s say right away that you won’t be able to make such drawings with your own hands, because they require precise engineering knowledge, but there is always a way out.

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You can use many online resources where there are a large number of drawings of any size. But in short, the approximate numbers in the drawings will be as follows:

• A-1800
• B-1000
• F-500
• L-300
• Kg-120

In almost all cases, the jack will be installed at the very bottom at its base. The press drawing will also indicate the dimensions of the bed.

When to buy

Tabletop manual mechanical mini press

But when you under no circumstances need to make a press yourself, it is when you are engaged in precision mechanics, optics, or jewelry work. All homemade presses are not particularly accurate: you can’t make them better at home and/or homemade conditions. And an inaccurate mini-press can break or irreparably damage a tiny irreplaceable part, crack a lens, a gemstone, etc. In these cases, it is still better to purchase a desktop mini-press; Of these, manual mechanical rack and pinion (see figure on the right) are widely available and their prices are reasonable.

Mechanical type of unit

The most common presses made at home are:

• Mechanical presses
• Hydraulic presses

These types of tools are best suited for use at home or in the garage as they take up little space.

This type of installation is quite popular due to its small dimensions. You can make a mechanical press of any mode (automatic or manual) with your own hands. The simplicity of the design ensures its reliability and provides good resources.

An approximate model of a mechanical press made by yourself can be seen in the photo on the Internet.

A mechanical press is capable of processing:

• Cardboard
• Rubber
• Plastic (and other polymers)
• skin
• Metals

Home use options

Use a hydraulic press if necessary:

• squeeze the metal part out of the shell;
• press out or compress the bearing or rubber-metal hinge;
• straighten an element or connect two products end to end;
• bend any piece of metal.

The device is also suitable for producing fuel briquettes used to light the stove. The advantage of using compressed sawdust is long-lasting combustion and the absence of smoke formation, as well as the creation of intense heat.

To form briquettes from coal chips, you will need to slightly change the mechanism. The main parts of such a press will be the work table, base, bed and drive.

Excellent results are achieved by using pressing equipment for recycling plastic bottles and cans. It easily transforms containers into neat layers.

The hydraulic type device can be adapted for a hay pick-up. To do this, you need to supplement it with a cobblestone or steel frame without an upper fragment. Using special fasteners, this structure must be attached to the front. You will also need a transport pick-up and a running element.

FakeHeader

Comments 71

Calculate the design according to strength of material - 10t is the limit... Not enough, although it’s unlikely that more is needed in the garage.

My friend, what do you use to drown the batteries in the garage?

At that time, everything was heated by the working furnace with a mini-boiler. and now everything is disassembled and awaiting installation in the box

Please tell me which channel you used? but it will be good if you help with the size of your press, not only to me but also to other participants, I will be very grateful for the drawing

unfortunately, all the dimensions were from my head - I didn’t draw anything, I just adjusted it according to the availability of material.

I can only write what I remember: in the first photo on one stand it says L - 2330, I bought it in addition, as far as I remember, this is the height of the press, the width of the table is 270 mm, the length of the legs is 1000 mm, the width is 530 mm. and when marking the holes, I started from the posts - I made a line in the center of the ends, and then oriented all the other holes along it.

channel 16 for racks, channel 12 for cross beams and for the table, channel 10 for the press platform and channel 7 for legs + M30 bolts

thank you =))) we will buy the material and try it))) now is the time to create a drawing based on the finished tool))

Making a roller press

In some situations, it is necessary to roll out a wire or metal plate. Here you will need a compaction device based on rollers.

According to the principle of operation, such a unit is similar to washing machines with a manual spin, in which the laundry was wrung out by passing between two rotating rollers. The difference lies in the ability to change the gap between the shafts and in the equipment with a gearbox, which makes the device more powerful.

Rolling equipment can have not only a manual or mechanical drive, but also an electric drive. If you choose the latter option, the handle with a chain drive should be replaced with a connected asynchronous motor.

It is also recommended to use a frequency converter - it will ensure a smooth start and save electricity.

Pocket crimper according to GVK recipe

Good afternoon, dear forum members. Inspired by the “competition work” of forum participant Grigory aka GVK (Here is the description » > ) I decided to repeat his “tool”. Of course, I was slightly gnawed by doubts “will such a plastic thing be able to withstand so many atmospheres”, but the farm needs a crimping machine, but there is no money for a branded one. The manufacturing process is very simple (I also learned the details from Gregory). We buy an ordinary flower sprayer (which can be screwed onto a standard "one and a half" one. We unscrew the head of the sprayer (photo 1). A fitting with a fine thread opens to our attention. Having wound a little bit of flax on it, I put an ordinary oxygen hose on top and tightened it with a clamp. Since I plan to use the design many times , then assembled the structure shown in the photo. From left to right there are 1 10mm fitting for 1/2" 2 Check valve for 1/2" 3 Ball valve for 1/2" 4 Tee with a Mayevsky valve (to bleed air from the pressure tester and to remove there is pressure in it before disconnecting from the system) 5 Tee with a pressure gauge (I bought the cheapest one, and it has a maximum of 6 atm. Well, that’s enough for now) 6 Fitting 10mm by 1/2″ Next, the hose goes into a fitting 10mm by 1/2″ from the inside thread (for connection to the system)

Actually in the photo the pressure of 2.5 is the pressure in my heating system. When the sprayer was directly connected to the pressure gauge, up to 6 atm was pumped up in seconds.

In general, as they say, God bless Gregory aka GVK for the idea