Screw-cutting lathe 1M63N: device, technical characteristics

Description of the design of the 1N65 lathe

bed

The bed is the basic assembly unit on which all other assembly units and mechanisms of the machine are mounted.
On the top of the frame there are three prismatic guides, of which the front and rear are the base of the carriage, and the middle one is the base of the tailstock.

Inside the frame there are inclined hatches for removing chips and coolant in the direction opposite to the workplace.

Under the left head part of the frame there are niches, in one of which the main drive electric motor is mounted, and in the other - an electric cooling pump with a coolant reservoir. The trough for collecting coolant is made monolithic with the frame body.

On the right side of the frame, on the front wall, a bracket is mounted with supports for the lead screw and lead shaft built into it.

To prevent sagging of the lead screw and the lead shaft, the machine with RMC = 5000 mm has two suspensions. For machines models 1N65G and 1N65GF1, there is a recess in the frame in which a removable bridge is installed.

Headstock

The front headstock is installed on the left head part of the frame, fixed with pins and secured with bolts. Its body contains the following: an electromagnetic clutch for spindle braking, a spindle assembly, a link for increasing the pitch by 8 times, a mechanism for changing the direction of movement of the carriage or threading, a mechanism for adjusting spindle speeds, travel forks, handles and other parts, a lubrication system and an electrical cabinet.

The spindle is mounted on three rolling bearings, of which the front and rear are adjustable.

Tailstock

The rear headstock moves along the frame guides from the manual gearbox by rotating the roller.

A rotating spindle is built into the headstock quill, the front support bearings of which are adjusted using nuts.

The tailstock spindle has a slot for the legs of the tail cutting tool.

Caliper

The support of the cross design has longitudinal movement along with the carriage along the frame guides, and transverse movement along the carriage guides.

Both movements are carried out mechanically using a cross switch and manually by rotating the flywheel and carriage handle.

The cutting slide, carrying a four-position tool holder, moves manually and mechanically along the guides of the rotating part, which can be rotated around its axis at any angle.

The carriage of machines with a digital display device is equipped with a linear displacement transducer, which is connected to the transverse displacement screw using a bellows coupling.

The lateral movement can be counted using the dial and the DRO display.

Machine apron

The machine apron is of a closed type with a removable front cover. The movement of the caliper group is transmitted by the apron mechanism from the drive shaft or lead screw.

Due to the presence of four electromagnetic clutches in the apron, control of the mechanical movement of the caliper group is concentrated in one handle, and the direction of activation of the handle coincides with the direction of feed.

It is possible to enable rapid movement of the caliper in the direction of tilting the control handle.

Thanks to the overrunning clutch built into the apron, high speed can be activated when the feed is on. The rapid speed electric motor is installed on the apron.

A safety clutch mechanism is mounted in the apron, which prevents the machine from breaking due to overload.

Gearbox

Closed feed box with removable front cover.

The feed box mechanism allows you to get the first row of feeds and all the threads cut on the machine, without having to change the settings of the replacement gears.

To obtain the second row of feeds, replaceable wheels are installed: a = 42, b = c = l26.

Machine equipment

The machine includes a four-jaw non-self-centering chuck with a diameter of 1000 mm.

For processing non-rigid parts, the machine is equipped with two steady rests - movable and fixed.

The movable rest is mounted on the carriage and supports the part directly near the cutter. The breadcrumb coverage diameter is provided in the range from 70 to 250 mm.

The stationary steady rest is installed on the frame guides anywhere and secured with a bolt using a clamp.

It is equipped with crackers and rollers, which are installed depending on the processing conditions.

The diameter of coverage of the workpiece in the stationary steady rest is provided in the range from 70 to 380 mm.

Installing and removing the machine chuck 1M63.01:

When installing and removing the chuck, protect the guides and bed with wooden boards placed under the chuck. Hold the chuck while you loosen the 3 cam locks by rotating ¼ turn counterclockwise. Align the A marks with each other. Carefully remove the cartridge.
Before starting installation, you should make sure that there are no nicks on the mating surfaces and thoroughly wipe them with a lint-free cloth. Install the chuck onto the front end of the spindle. Clamp the cam lock of the clamping eccentric by rotating clockwise. The clamping eccentric mark A (Fig. 5) must be located between the 2 marks B (Fig. 5). The accuracy of the chuck fit on the spindle is checked by an indicator using a control band located on the outer cylindrical surface of the chuck body. Radial runout should not exceed 0.02 mm. Fig.5 Installing and removing the machine chuck 1M63.01.
The fixed steady rest serves primarily to support long workpieces and ensures their reliable processing without vibrations; it is mounted on the frame using a fastening strip. *
Install the steady rest crackers so that there is no gap between them and the workpiece and they do not pinch it. During processing of the part, it is necessary to lubricate the crackers well.
The movable steady rest is installed on the longitudinal slide of the support and thus repeats the movement of the turning cutter. It prevents elastic deformation of long and thin workpieces under the pressure of a turning tool. When machining a workpiece, it is necessary to install the crackers in the same way as on a stationary rest.

Modifications

Time and growing needs bring with it the need to make improvements. Our unit could not do without them. Its main modifications include the following models:

1M63F306, produced since 1973, was distinguished by the presence of CNC (this difference is also present in 1M63FZ and 1M63RFZ);
1M63F101, released in 1976, had a digital display device (DDU), which counted the lateral movement of the caliper;
1M63B, distinguished by its speed and increased power (this also applies to modifications 1M63BG and 1M63BF101);
1M63M with increased power, like 1M63MF101 and 16P30;
1M63N, released in 1992 and completing the series, was distinguished by normal accuracy (1M63NF1 and 1M63NF101, moreover, were supplemented by a DRO system that counted movements in a 3-dimensional coordinate system);
1M63N-1, which had normal accuracy and a shorter frame (1M63NF10M also had a digital display);
1M63NG, distinguished by a notch on the frame;
1M63NP, the advantage of which was increased accuracy.

Some of the listed machines could use a little more attention. For example, considering one of the latest modifications (1M63N), we can highlight several design features of the model:

the letter “N” in the name indicates normal processing accuracy, which was ensured by three factors: temperature stability, vibration resistance and structural rigidity;
impressive service life of the turning machine, ensured by two prismatic guides located on the bed, and other highly reliable components;
accelerated thread processing due to the fact that reverse rotation of the spindle has a 30% higher frequency than direct rotation;
gears, which are made of alloy steel;
increased operational safety guaranteed by machine locking systems, as well as enclosing cutting zones;
a more powerful engine compared to the original model;
ability to process workpieces up to 10 m long and weighing up to 3.5 tons.

The 1M63 machine we reviewed has enough features that have ensured its popularity and recognition not only at home, but also abroad. A huge number of modifications were created on its basis, adding even more advantages to this machine. Despite the fact that in the new century a huge number of modern machines have already been created, superior in many ways to the half-century-old hard worker, he and his improved models continue to be in service, processing thousands of new parts every day.

Electrical circuit diagram of the 1M63B machine

Electrical diagram of a screw-cutting lathe 1m63B

Main drive control

The electric motor is started by pressing one of the “start” buttons 1KU or 2KU (located on the carriage consoles and near the feed box) with the clutch turned off. At the same time, n.s. the contact of the limit switch VK is closed. The KSh starter receives power and connects the main motion electric motor to the network. Simultaneously with the KSh starter, time relays RV and 1RV receive power.

The spindle rotation is controlled using a friction clutch activated from the handle.

When the NC clutch is turned off. the VK contact remains closed, the time relay РВ, 1РВ and the brake clutch are turned on. At the same time, the signal dump 2LS lights up. When the main movement engine is idling, the time relay RV, set to a delay of 2.5-3 minutes, disconnects the magnetic starter coil and, accordingly, the engine from the network. At the same time, time relay 1РВ, set to hold for 25 seconds, will lose power and turn off the brake clutch.

When the clutch is turned on, NC. the VK contact breaks, turns off the time relay PB and ensures the operation of the machine. The engine is stopped by pressing one of the “stop” buttons 3KU or KU. At the same time, through n.z. Contact KSh turns on the RV relay and the 5EM brake clutch. The electric motor load is monitored using an ammeter.

Main drive motor current value depending on voltage:

380V = 29A

400V = 27A

415V = 26.5A

440V = 25A

500V = 22A

Feed drive control

Working feeds are carried out from the main drive motor, accelerated feeds from an accelerated feed motor type AOL2-21-4 (4Akh80A4UZ) 1.1 kW (1.475 hp) 1400 rpm at 50 Hz, 1690 rpm at 50 Hz.

There are four electromagnetic friction clutches in the machine apron, two of which are used to control the movement of the carriage in the longitudinal direction and two to control the movement of the support in the transverse direction.

The clutches are controlled by the handle of a cross switch mounted on the apron of the machine, which has 5 positions: one vertical neutral and 4 inclined, corresponding to the direction of movement of the support and carriage.

The activation of the rapid speed electric motor at any position of the switch handle is ensured by a push-start button built into the head of the cross switch handle.

To avoid simultaneous activation of the uterine nut and electromagnetic couplings, a blocking limit switch VKF is installed inside the apron, which breaks the power supply circuit of the couplings when the uterine nut is turned on.

To prevent breakdown of electromagnetic couplings and reduce sparking at the contact when the coil is disconnected, discharge resistances R1…R5 are provided.

On the apron of the machine there is a three-position operating mode switch, which turns on the clutches, respectively:

turning work;
taper turning (internal), closed contacts 53.57(1-2), 55-59(5-6)
taper turning (external), closed contacts 53-59(3-9), 55-57(7-2)

Cooling drive

The cooling drive is carried out from an electric pump type PA-22, 0.12 kW (0.163 hp) 2800 rpm at 50 Hz, 3350 rpm at 60 Hz. Starting and stopping the electric motor is carried out by turning on a switch installed on the apron of the machine.

Locking devices for electrical equipment of the machine 1M63.01

The electrical circuit includes a lock that turns off the input circuit breaker when the control cabinet door is opened.

When the input circuit breaker is turned on, opening the cabinet door triggers the limit switch, which disconnects the electrical equipment of the machine from the network.

When the housing of the replacement gears is opened, a microswitch is activated, turning off the main drive motor.

The limit switch is mounted in the control cabinet, the microswitch is on the feed box housing.

For inspection and adjustment of electrical equipment under voltage (with the cabinet door open), the circuit provides a release switch installed in the control cabinet. This switch should only be used by qualified electricians.

Design

The basis of the 1M63N screw-cutting lathe is a cast iron bed with two or three pedestals for installation on the supporting surface (depending on the length of the machine). Two prismatic working guides located on the frame serve to move the caliper carriage, as well as adjust the position of the tailstock.

Kinematic diagram of a 1M63N screw-cutting lathe

Inside the frame body, under the working area, there are hatches for removing chips and draining coolant. The coolant and lubricant is reused many times, thanks to its return to the container through a filter system.

The outer (front and rear) cabinets of the frame are hollow. The main drive motor is located in the front (left), and the pump electric motor and a tank with cooling emulsion are located in the rear (right).

On the rear wall of the headstock there is a block of replaceable gears (guitar) for transmitting and adjusting rotation from the headstock to the feed shaft. Sets of replaceable gears allow you to rebuild the machine to cut threads of acceptable types.

Guitar screw-cutting lathe 1М63Н

Lubrication of the gears of the 1M63N screw-cutting lathe and its support bearings is carried out automatically using a mechanical oil pump driven from the main shaft of the headstock.

The high-quality alloy steel used for the manufacture of gears, heat-treated after the parts are manufactured, allows maintaining the accuracy of workpiece processing throughout the entire service life of the machine.

Feed box for screw-cutting lathe 1M63N

Gearbox of screw-cutting lathe 1М63Н

To watch online, click on the video ⤵

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Location of lathe controls 163

List of lathe controls 163

Handle for setting metric or inch threads and feeds
Handles for setting spindle speeds
Handle for setting normal or increased thread pitch
Handles for installing right-hand or left-hand threads
Handles for setting spindle speeds
Pull button for turning on or off the rack and pinion gear of the longitudinal movement of the caliper
Handle for turning, fixing and securing the cutting head
Handle for turning on or off the automatic movement of the upper caliper slide
Button on the handle 10 to enable rapid movement of the caliper
Handle for controlling fast and working movements of the caliper in all directions
Handle for securing the tailstock quill
Handwheel for moving the tailstock quill
Handle for manual movement of the upper (incisor) slide of the caliper
Handles for starting, stopping and reversing the spindle
Handles for engaging the lead screw nut
Push-button stations for starting and stopping the main drive
Switch of electromagnetic apron couplings for normal work or taper turning
Handles for manual lateral movement of the caliper
Pull button for turning on or off the mechanical lateral movement of the upper caliper slide
Handwheel for manual longitudinal movement of the caliper
Push-button stations for starting and stopping the main drive
22 Handles for turning on, stopping and reversing the spindle
Handle for turning on the lead screw or lead shaft
Handle for setting the thread pitch feed value
Handle for setting the thread pitch feed value

User manual

The equipment passport contains a complete list of rules for working with the 1m63 machine. Briefly we can mention:

Personnel who do not have sufficient qualifications, who are not familiar with the documentation for the equipment, and who have not undergone safety training are not allowed to work;
Before starting work, it is necessary to check the guards, replaceable gears, automatic switches, chip ejection blocking, and feed switches;
do in the caliper must be securely fixed;
when working with long workpieces, the use of steady rests is mandatory;
immediately after start-up and for some time - do not switch the gearbox to the maximum spindle speed mode;
the spindle rotation direction should only be switched when it is completely stopped;
It is not allowed to switch the modes of the headstock wheels or feedbox operation while moving.

General safety rules must be followed. Overalls, except trousers, overalls with long sleeves and tightly buttoned cuffs, must include safety glasses and a beret. During work, do not touch moving parts, make sure that clothes are carefully tucked in, and it is not recommended to lean close to the work area.

All processing parameters must be configured before starting the machine according to the instructions for the equipment. The main drive must be activated after the cutter has been installed in the initial position. At the end of the work, you need to clean the surfaces of the machine from residual coolant, dirt, and remove chips.

Repair of equipment

Working on any equipment involves both scheduled and complex repairs. Measures to restore the functionality of individual mechanisms are required for the 1M63 model quite rarely. But a gradual loss of stability and loosening of individual structural components leads to a decrease in the accuracy of operations and a decrease in processing speed.

To carry out a comprehensive repair from the manufacturer, the customer must send the following documents together with the machine: a technical passport of the installation, special reports of previous technical inspections and a statement that reflects information about the assembly node modules.

Electrical circuit diagram of the 1M63D machine

Electrical diagram of a 1M63D screw-cutting lathe