What to do if there is often a need to process one or another metal part of the required quality, but there is no machine at hand that, being easy to operate, would produce a high-quality result? - Don’t think that these are pipe dreams! Of course, new equipment is expensive (or very expensive), and the purchase may not pay off even in the long term. But there is a way out! — Avito offers a range of lathes that have already been used, but are still operational.
Buying a used TV 320, which has been tested by time and has proven its usefulness, is a real opportunity due to the significant difference in price. Affordable and achievable.
Description and design feature
The TV-320 unit is designed primarily for use in mass production conditions. All main components of the lathe and structure are located according to the classical scheme. A distinctive feature is the presence of a system for rapid turning of workpieces. There are also other features:
- it is possible to change the feed without stopping the equipment;
- the machine has an increased safety margin;
- The bed is made of high quality cast iron.
All this explains the high productivity and long service life of the TV-320 lathe
Purpose and application
The operating instructions for the TV-320 lathe define the list of permissible operations:
- Preliminary, semi-finishing and finishing processing of workpieces made of steel and cast iron, from the outside and inside;
- cutting internal and external threads (metric, inch, modular, pitch);
- manufacturing parts for various tools;
- precise turning of cone-shaped surfaces.
The TV-320 screw-cutting lathe is capable of successfully working on the following metal:
- steels of grade 45 or 30 (workpiece diameter does not exceed 50 mm);
- gray cast iron with a hardness not higher than HB 160 (in this case, the diameter of the workpiece can reach 70 mm).
In terms of its capabilities, the TV-320 screw-cutting lathe has gained quite wide popularity. It is used to solve a wide range of problems in metalworking, automotive and agricultural engineering.
General view of the TV-320 machine
Where higher processing accuracy is required, the modernized TV-320P machine is used.
Higher precision characteristics can be achieved through the use of parts with a higher accuracy class in the machine.
Modernization
The manufacturer produced two variations of the TV-320 lathe. It was in the basic configuration, and the second version was distinguished by increased accuracy.
TV-320
This is a standard machine of the classical variation. It is equipped with standard components for any lathe and has an accuracy class of N.
TV-320P
It differs from the classic model in increased precision of workpiece processing. During its manufacture, the main components, such as the lead screw, spindle, front bearing, gears, everything that is included in the kinematic scheme, are subject to special increased requirements for processing accuracy.
Description
TV 320 is a special-purpose high-speed machine. It differs favorably from similar units in that the TV 320 makes it possible to make maximum use of its technological parameters when processing metal parts at high speeds. You can sharpen and perform several operations simultaneously. The high-speed mode is the main secret of the efficiency (maximum productivity and cleanliness of processing) of the TV 320 machine.
There are two rows of cutters on two tool holders - in front and behind. It is permissible to install the rear one on a caliper. To grind the taper, the central part of the tailstock is shifted laterally.
TV 320 can be used to perform an extensive list of actions:
- production of tools;
- production of devices;
- operations;
- cutting metric and other threads;
- turning cones...
For the operation of TV 320, power and power load limits have been established, exceeding which is unacceptable:
- power limit (main propulsion motor) - 2.8 kW;
- the tensile strength of turning depends on the method: longitudinal - 220 kg, transverse - 612 kg.
The TV 320 machine will be a pleasure to work with for those who are content only with high-precision work. All its structural elements are made to high standards. Main parts: bed,
- lead screw,
- spindle unit,
- front bearing,
- gear wheels.
Technical characteristics and dimensions
Another advantage of the TV-320 unit is its small size. This allows the equipment to be used even in small workshops. Machine weight – 2,900 kg. Dimensions in length, width, height in cm 180x95x120.
The main drive of the machine is an electric motor with a power of 3 kW and a nominal speed of 1430 rpm.
Main technical characteristics:
- the headstock shifts in a range of 18 speeds;
- The tailstock quill can be moved by 90 mm;
- a nut is used to secure the tailstock;
- the rod blank can have a maximum diameter of 25 mm;
- the feed unit has 16 stages of adjustment in the longitudinal and transverse directions;
- the length of the workpiece when turning it is limited - 50 cm;
- spindle seat diameter – 26 mm;
- the largest size of lateral movement of the caliper is 28 cm;
- longitudinal maximum travel of the caliper – 58 cm;
- number of revolutions per minute on the spindle – 36-2000 rpm.
The unit does not have a spindle braking system.
Device of turning-screw-cutting equipment
The unique characteristics of the equipment are ensured by the design of each individual unit. The main components of this unit:
- gear unit, which serves to change the spindle speed;
- unit for adjusting the feed speed;
- headstock with spindle;
- rear thrust headstock with movable quill;
- feed drive;
- apron;
- caliper carriage;
- separate drive for the cooling system.
It is some design features of the main components that give the accuracy and high productivity of the entire machine.
Specifics of the TV-320 unit frame
The bed is the main part to which all machine components are attached. It is made of high quality cast iron and ensures machine reliability, vibration protection and stability. It consists of two racks. Some differences in the design of the TV-320 frame:
- there are stiffening ribs along the diagonal;
- At the top of the frame, 4 guides are designed, 3 of which are prismatic in shape.
On the left side of the cast frame there is a gearbox, as well as a tank with emulsion, an engine, a casing to protect it and an electrical cabinet.
Headstock
The spindle head in the TV-320 unit has a durable cast iron shell. At the front of the part there is a mechanic for adjusting the spindle speed, and at the back there is a forward and reverse switch. The spindle is a hollow tube with a cone at the front. It is fixed on a plain bearing, and at the rear – on a high-precision angular contact bearing.
Tailstock
Caliper
This unit is designed to securely hold and secure the cutter. Its second function is to move the cutter in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The caliper carriage and longitudinal slide can be driven manually or using a mechanical drive.
Two grooves in the design of the slide allow the installation of an additional cutting head. To make it easier for the technician to measure the size of the transverse movement parameters, the caliper has a ball stop.
Gearbox
The gearbox transmits rotation from the main electric motor to the spindle assembly. Consists of three shafts and two gear blocks, which provide 9 rotation speeds.
The gearbox housing moves along special grooves. The master can adjust the tension of the belts that transmit speed to the spindle. To move the box, loosen the bolts that secure it to the guide. The gearbox successfully withstands axial and radial loads. This happens due to two types of bearings in its support. The gaps can be adjusted with special screws and nuts.
Apron
Transmits rotational motion from the lead screw and roller directly to the caliper. The apron has a mechanism that prevents the roller and screw from being turned on at the same time, which prevents their breakage.
If the machine experiences overload during processing, the falling worm mechanism in the apron is activated and the feed is switched off automatically.
Kinematic and electrical circuits
Control diagram
Electrical diagram
General device
The description of the general structure of the machine complies with the established standard. The main elements of the body include:
- bed (all the main elements are attached to it);
- front and tailstocks (the spindle is located on the first);
- a drive that allows the part to be supplied;
- cooling system (serves to prevent overheating of rotating parts);
- a support with a carriage for fixing the cutting tool;
- rotation speed switching mechanism;
- feed switching system;
- apron.
All of the above elements are placed on a massive frame. It is made of cast iron. Geometrically, it resembles a rectangular parallelepiped. Increasing the rigidity of the entire structure inside the frame is provided by fastening ribs. They are located diagonally relative to each other.
There are three guides at the top of the frame. One has a flat shape and two have a prismatic shape. Two prismatic guides are used to move the support with the carriage. The position of the so-called tailstock is changed along flat and prismatic guides. The controls are located on the left side of the cabinet.
Download the passport (operating instructions) of the TV-320 lathe
The headstock includes:
- the so-called spindle with workpiece fastening elements;
- three ball bearings (thrust, front, rear);
- adjustment nuts for each bearing;
- shift clutch.
The tailstock has fastening elements. It has two degrees of freedom. This allows you to change the location, both longitudinally and transversely. This movement allows processing of cone-shaped parts. It is attached to the frame using a special mechanism with a set of eccentrics.
The support of a universal lathe solves two main tasks: it secures the cutting tool and moves it in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The main elements are:
- three types of slides (transverse, longitudinal, which are called carriages, upper);
- rotary system.
All elements of the support are moved manually. The sleds are made universal. This allows you to install, in addition to the main one, an additional head. With its help, another incisor is attached. The quality of processing depends on the precise installation of the cutting tool. For this purpose, a special measuring dial is located on the caliper.
Machine apron to ensure rotational movement of two elements. Caliper lead shaft and lead screw. A mechanical protection system prevents these shafts from turning on at the same time. Depending on the position of the control handle, a smooth switching of feeds occurs using the so-called master nut.
To protect the machine from overloads, a falling worm mechanism is provided in the machine apron. Such overloads occur when the pressure on the workpiece increases, the speed of rotation of the workpiece sharply decreases, or the movement of the cutting tool slows down.
Gearbox and oil pump of the TV-320 machine
Caliper
Front headstock of the TV-320 machine
The speed of rotation of the workpiece has a great influence on the quality of processing. For this purpose, the machine is equipped with a gearbox.
It allows you to change the amount of torque transmitted from the main electric motor to the spindle assembly and then to the fixed part.
Structurally, it is built on a system of gears, which are located on two shafts. This allows you to change the rotation speed in nine positions. The body is able to move along special grooves. Moving allows you to adjust the degree of belt tension. They transmit rotation to the spindle. To ensure reliable operation, it is necessary to periodically replace the belts in the gearbox. You should especially monitor their condition in the TV-320P lathe.
Guitar Gears Replacement Gears
Setting up a guitar of replacement gears for threading can be done as in this video
Safety and Precautions
Turning work always involves an increased level of risk. Key points of safety regulations:
- It is necessary to work only on fully functional equipment;
- Before starting the equipment, be sure to check the grounding and chip removal system;
- It is prohibited to lean on the machine or move away from it during operation;
- It is necessary to work in overalls and glasses.
The operator must also ensure that the oil does not splash and follow fire safety precautions.
The turning unit TV-320 and TV-320 P are designed to work in mass production conditions. They are distinguished by reliability and high performance, which is ensured by the design features of the equipment.
