Do-it-yourself branch chopper, diagrams of garden crushers for the dacha

Ecology of consumption. Estate: After cutting fruit trees or construction, a lot of unnecessary branches, boards and lumber remain. A wood chipper was invented especially for such cases. A new device is quite expensive, but, fortunately, making a wood chipper with your own hands is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance.

Every owner of his own plot, be it a country house or a small cottage with a vegetable garden, knows that maintaining order on it is sometimes very difficult. The problem of waste disposal in the private sector is especially acute, and if organic matter can be stored in a compost pit, and plastic and bottles taken to a landfill, then what about the abundance of wood debris? After trimming fruit trees or construction, a lot of unnecessary branches, boards and lumber remain. There is no point in leaving them for firewood, and burning them is very long and troublesome. A wood chipper was invented especially for such cases. A new device is quite expensive, but, fortunately, making a wood chipper with your own hands is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance.

Purpose and principle of operation

A wood chipper will become an indispensable assistant for any summer resident. With it, you no longer need to make fires to burn sawed-off tree branches or think about where to dispose of waste after harvesting - stems, tops, roots, etc. The machine will process any organic solid waste into chips and shavings, which will subsequently serve as an excellent material for high-quality compost or fuel for solid fuel boilers. So, in one fell swoop you will solve several problems: waste disposal, saving space and time, get an endless source of material for fertilizers and a supply of fuel for the winter.

Whatever one may say, a wood chipper is very useful in the household, but factory-made mechanisms are prohibitively expensive, so we suggest saving money and making it yourself. The most encouraging thing is that there is no need to “reinvent the wheel” - you just need to correctly replicate the design of the factory device using available parts.

But before starting work, it is necessary to thoroughly study and understand the principle of operation of the machine. Otherwise, you will not be able to make the right drawing and turn it into reality. The device of the shredder is incredibly simple - it is an engine, a shaft with cutting elements, a frame, a protective shell and a receiving compartment through which the material gets inside. Since such a unit will be quite heavy, it is better to install it on a two-wheeled base in order to easily move it around the site.

The operating principle of the device is as follows: the motor rotates and moves the shaft through a chain or belt. When you push branches or plant stems into the receiving box, the cutting elements chop them into small pieces that come out the other side of the device. Very similar to a regular kitchen meat grinder.

Main components of a garden shredder

To independently assemble a grass and branch chopper (shredder) at home, you must first understand the structure of the mechanism, as well as the principle of its operation. This will help you assemble the equipment correctly and, if necessary, make changes to its design.

A homemade unit, designed for grinding mown grass and sawn branches up to several centimeters thick, has the following main structural components:

engine;
knives mounted on the working shaft;
frame (usually metal);
protective casing;
a box designed to receive cut vegetation;
starting system.

The equipment itself can be made stationary or mobile. To create the latter option, you will additionally need wheels, as well as a handle. To make the frame, use metal corners or ready-made frames from workbenches. Boxes for processed vegetation are made from plastic buckets, tin, and bags. The protective casing around the knives should be thick and durable enough so as not to quickly wear out from the impact of grinding vegetation.

When processing plant debris, crushed pieces may fly out of the opening through which it is fed. Therefore, the neck is covered with a lid or simply with a cloth, for example, a bag.

The operation of the chopper is that rotation from the motor shaft is transmitted directly to the knives or through a chain/belt drive. The vegetation chopped by the blades enters the box. In this case, the final product is immediately ready for use.

According to the principle of operation, some homemade shredders are comparable to a meat grinder (they draw in and then grind organic matter), while others are comparable to a coffee grinder.

Manufacturing Guide

The first thing you need to understand is that without plumbing and welding skills and the appropriate tools, you will not be able to make even a simple branch chopper from circular saws. In addition, for the manufacture of shafts and housings for bearings, you will have to go to a lathe, unless you manage to find a ready-made unit from an old machine. The whole process is divided into the following stages:

Choosing a shredder design.
Selection of motor for drive and calculation of main gear.
Preparation of metal and parts that need to be turned on a lathe.
Frame assembly.
Installation of the drive, cutting mechanism and belt drive.
Installation of the protective casing and hopper.

Note. We are talking about a belt drive as the easiest to manufacture and safest to use. In the event of an accident or overload, the belt will slip or jump off without any consequences. The same cannot be said about a rigid connection through a chain (gearbox).

Design of a disk crusher with removable knives
As for choosing the design of a homemade wood chipper, the recommendations are simple:

a unit made from circular saws is the best option when you need to get small wood chips at minimal cost;
if you plan to chop branches of small diameter into a larger fraction, then a cutting mechanism such as a jointer is suitable;
when you need to chop branches up to 5 cm in size in large quantities, it is better to make a disk crusher.

For reference. Small shavings and wood chips are often used by gardeners to make compost and mulch. You can also make fuel briquettes from it for heating a country house.

Knife shaft and its principle of operation (like a jointer on a circular saw)
When the type of wood chipper is selected, you can begin to prepare parts, materials and equipment. But first of all you need to do...

Selection of engine and calculation of belt drive

Drive power is an indicator that determines how thick a branch you can process on a homemade crusher. Here are some tips for choosing an engine:

An electric motor with a power of 2.5-3.5 kW, minimum 2 kW, is ideal for your purpose. The 1.5 kW motor can be used to assemble a shredder for grass and small branches.
The power of a gasoline or diesel engine should be 5-6 liters. With. These are installed on household walk-behind tractors and mini-tractors.
There is no point in buying an electric motor that is too powerful, unless you have one sitting idle in your shed. It will consume an amount of electricity that does not correspond to the work done.

Note. The number of revolutions of the electric motor does not play a big role, since we will obtain the required rotation speed of the knives due to the V-belt drive.

In order for your wood shredder to reliably chop branches, the blade shaft must be given a speed of no more than 1500 rpm by selecting the diameter of the drive and driven pulleys. The decisive factor here is not the speed of rotation of the knives, but the developed torque (force). The distance between the pulleys and the length of the belt also does not play a big role. Unless a belt that is too long reduces transmission efficiency and is less easy to tension.

Calculation example. There is a 2800 rpm electric motor that needs to be installed on the crusher. The optimal solution is to reduce the shaft speed by half, to 1400 rpm. Then the diameters of the pulleys will differ by 2 times. For example, the size of the driving pulley is 100 mm, then the diameter of the driven pulley (standing on the working shaft) will be 200 mm.

Advice. When ordering pulleys for a V-belt drive from a turner, it doesn’t hurt to think about the future. It is better to make pulleys with 3 or 4 grooves, so that the speed on the working shaft can be changed by rearranging the belt. Then the chopper can be adjusted to different operating conditions, for example, for crushing stalks of corn, sunflowers, and grass.

Pulleys with several grooves are more convenient to use; you can change the rotation speed and force

Preparation of materials

The best way to save money on making wood chippers is to find suitable materials around the house. The following types of rolled metal are suitable for assembling the frame:

single equal angle corner with a width of 50 to 63 mm;
2 corners of 35 mm, welded in a “box”;
profile pipe measuring 40x40 mm;
channel No. 6.5—10;
round pipes with a diameter of 32-48 mm.

The electric motor is mounted on a steel sheet with a thickness of 10 mm and dimensions corresponding to the distance between the mounting holes on its flange (with a margin of 30-50 mm on each side). To tension the belt, 2 types of devices are used:

The holes in the plate for mounting the engine are made oblong so that it can be moved back and secured with bolts.
The plate is installed at one end on a hinge, then the belt is tightened due to the weight of the electric motor. On the other hand, it is fixed with nuts on studs, as shown below in the photo of a homemade chopper.

Here the tension occurs under the weight of the electric motor.
To make the simplest shredder design, buy 20-25 circular saws with carbide tips and the same number of spacer washers with a diameter of 20 mm. This will give you a working area of about 80mm wide, which can be made larger or smaller if desired by adding or removing saws.

Note. The thickness of the teeth of a circular saw is greater than the steel base, so it is impossible to fasten the tools close to each other. To compensate for the width of the teeth, washers are used, which are placed between the saws.

The shaft driven by the belt must be turned on a lathe from a steel rod. But before you make this part, find 2 bearings whose fit size will fit the shaft. You will also have to make bearing housings with mounting flanges. Sometimes they can be bought ready-made on the secondary market or in specialized stores.

Advice. As an option, you can use rear axle bearings with a mounting diameter of 25 mm from classic Zhiguli models, and use a ready-made stud with nuts as a shaft.

To install circular saws on the shaft, you need to cut a thread. As a flywheel, use a circle of steel with a thickness of 10 mm or more, or a large pulley from some kind of agricultural machinery. You will also need a steel branch support plate to act as a counter knife. Cut it from a sheet at least 10 mm thick.

Knife shaft drawing with dimensions - front view

If you have chosen the design of a branch chopper with chopping knives, then you can take the drawing of a knife shaft for a jointer as a basis. Just change the diameters of the axles where you need to press the selected bearings. It is better to reduce the width of the working part to 100 mm, because you are not going to put whole logs into the crusher. Wood chipping knives are usually made on a milling machine from car springs.

Shaft drawing for 3 knives - end view with groove dimensions

To assemble a disk-type chipper, in addition to a shaft with bearings and knives, you will need:

steel circle 15-20 mm thick with a diameter of 40-50 cm (depending on the power of the electric motor);
sheet metal of at least 5 mm for the casing, the front wall of which serves as a counter knife;
the same, 1-2 mm thick for welding the bunker;
bolts M12—16 with nuts for fastening.

The cutting device of a disk chopper with fastening knives is shown in the drawing:

The number of knives can be changed (put 2 or 4 pcs.)

Frame making

Regardless of what type of crusher you choose, you need to make a base for it - a frame, where the drive and chipping mechanism will subsequently be installed. Weld it from corners or pipes using the following recommendations:

Select the height to suit your height so that it is convenient to place branches in the bunker.
The structure must be stable. Therefore, make the frame width at least 500 mm, and the length is arbitrary.
Give the frame rigidity by welding cross members between the uprights.
To easily move the unit to the frame, it is advisable to attach a pair of wheels and weld a handle.

Methods for installing an electric motor - under the tabletop and on the side of the frame (photo on the right)
Think about where you are going to install the electric motor. For a shredder made with your own hands from circular saws, the recommendation is this: place the motor in the frame so that it does not protrude beyond its dimensions. The same applies to other types of crushers.

Chopper assembly

First, let's assemble a chip cutter from a package of circular saws, following the following order:

Assemble the saw blades onto the shaft by placing washers between them and tightening them with nuts on both sides.
Press the bearings onto the shaft and then into the outer housings. Bolt the latter to the frame, having previously made holes in it.
Place the pulley and flywheel on the ends of the shaft and fasten them securely.
Place a steel plate – counter knife – close to the saw teeth.
Install the electric motor and final drive, and tighten the belt properly.

Advice. Before assembly, be sure to lubricate the bearing cages by removing the plastic caps. Place the saws so that the tooth profiles do not coincide.

It is better to fasten the counter knife not by welding, but by bolting through oval-shaped holes. The point is to adjust the gap between the edge of the plate and the working teeth, which allows you to change the size of the chips within small limits. The direction of rotation of the saws is “toward”, that is, the teeth should “run” onto the counter knife.

After installing the parts, make and install a protective casing made of thin metal, and a receiving hopper in front. The dimensions of these elements are arbitrary, the main thing is ease of use and safety. Finally, connect the unit to the power supply with a power cable through a 25 A circuit breaker.

Assembling the knife crusher is carried out in the same order, only first you need to install and secure the knives in the grooves of the shaft. There is one subtlety here: the more the cutting edges protrude beyond the surface of the shaft, the larger the chips will be at the exit. The hopper is welded in such a way that the branches are fed at an angle of 90° to the cutting mechanism. How to do this correctly is shown in the video:

Advice. The unit can be improved by making an additional tightening device. It is necessary to make a second shaft of smaller dimensions, weld metal strips along it and connect it to the main mechanism via a belt or chain drive. The speed of the tightening shaft must be reduced, otherwise the branches will hit your hands during loading.

Homemade mechanized drive that pushes branches towards the shredder blades
There are also no special tricks in making a disk shredder for branches; it is enough to follow the drawings and securely fasten all the components. The only point: when making the outer casing, try to make the front wall along which the knives rotate thicker and the gap between them smaller. Otherwise, the flexible thin sticks will be pulled inward by the mechanism and screwed onto the shaft.

Assembly drawing of a direct drive crusher

The rear wall of the casing must be firmly attached to the frame at least at 4 points, for which additional brackets will need to be welded, as shown in the assembly drawing.

Varieties of engines for assembling homemade products

Electric and gasoline engines removed from unused equipment are used as a drive for homemade products. Each of these two options has its own advantages and disadvantages. Models with an internal combustion engine are more convenient in that their operation does not require a nearby power supply. But in general, they are more expensive and have a more complex design than their counterparts equipped with an electric motor. Therefore, it is easier to make electrical equipment, and also more compact.

The maximum thickness of cut branches that a branch chipper can grind depends on the power of the electric motor installed on it and the characteristics of the knives.

Models with a motor up to 1.5 kW are capable of grinding sticks up to 20 mm in diameter. They are designed for low intensity work.
If an electric motor of 3 to 4 kW is installed, then such units can chop branches up to 40 mm thick.
More powerful electric motors (over 4 kW) are used to make a shredder for wood with a diameter of 7-15 cm.

The drive of the last category is equipped with equipment if it is necessary to constantly perform large volumes of work associated with the processing of waste of various thicknesses.

To create a homemade shredder, you can use electric motors from an angle grinder, washing machine, or trimmer. They must be adapted to work from a stationary network with a voltage of 220 V. In order to grind material as thick as possible at home, it is recommended to equip the shredder with an electric motor of 1500 rpm with a power of about 3.5 kW. This parameter for internal combustion engines corresponds to 5-6 horsepower.

Motor from an old washing machine

Types of DIY Gardening Devices

All homemade products can be divided into 3 types :

wood chippers;
mulchers;
shredders.

Chip cutters are designed for chopping branches and completely dried large green mass, that is, thick stems.
They are poorly suited for processing and grinding fresh or slightly dried green mass, that is:

leaves;
herbs;
tops

More often the chipper is made in the form of a rotary chipper . We talked about how this device works, its operating principle, and how to make it yourself, and showed it on video in these articles:

Chip crushers;
Do-it-yourself chipper.

A homemade device of this type effectively grinds branches of a certain thickness, turning them into small chips that can be used as :

decorative and agrotechnical mulching of garden plots;
coloring and flavoring when infusing alcohol;
fuel for smoking various products;
feeding for animals and birds;
fuel for boilers and furnaces.

The mulcher is designed for chopping fresh and dried green mass, but is not suitable for processing dry tops and any branches. Its basis is the line cutting module, which we talked about here.

Chopped green mass can only be used as decorative or agricultural mulch , which is where the name of the device came from.

The shredder is designed for coarse chopping of branches, so the finished wood chips are used only for heating.

Industrial shredders provide the ability to produce chips of normal size, but in home-made devices, the most important quality is considered to be simplicity of design and ease of manufacture, which causes an increase in the size of chips.

Types of cutting attachments used

Homemade products, like factory units, are equipped with cutting attachments of various types:

disc (with three blades);

milling-turbine (universal).

The first type is flat blades. When they rotate, they grind plant debris. If you have to process branches, then such blades quickly become dull. Milling knives are a cutting shaft in the form of gears from circular saws. They grind dry waste from branches and grass well, and clog the cutters with wet waste. Milling-turbine cutting attachments can cope with thick and undried branches, but making them yourself is difficult.

At home, knives from lawn mowers or made from wood saws are often used.

It should be taken into account that the degree of processing of plant waste directly depends on the installed cutting attachments. The output is pieces of branches from 10 cm long or shavings or dust.

Types of wood crushers

There are crushers:

standard;
universal.

Standard ones process wood from one meter in length, and universal ones are used for processing small branches and bars.

According to the type of motor, crushers are:

electrical;
autonomous (diesel or gasoline).

Electric ones, as a rule, are light in weight, they operate at a low rated power, two kilowatts is enough, but maybe more.
In such models, a person puts wood into the equipment independently, and the main element that is used in the operation of the mechanism is a cutting disk. Semi-professional and professional wood crushers usually run on liquid fuel, although among professional ones there are machines with an electric motor. They have large dimensions and weight, cutting speed.

Garden shredder from washing machine

An old Soviet-made washing machine with a metal body is a technique that contains almost all the necessary parts for assembling a garden shredder. You only need knives with fasteners, as well as an extension cord.

To make a cutting attachment, you can use an old wood saw.

Tools you will need:

angle grinder;
pliers;
spanners;
screwdriver;
electric drill;
hammer;
tape measure with marker.

The washing machine motor has a small power (different models have different power), which is indicated in the instructions for the household appliance or on the electric motor plate. Due to the fact that its value usually does not exceed 500 watts, with the help of the created unit it will be possible to grind only straw or grass.

A shredder from a washing machine is made like this.

The body of the machine is cut to height so that it is convenient to work with the unit.
At the bottom side, a rectangular hole is cut in it with a grinder, 20 cm wide and 7 cm high, intended for throwing out ground plants.
Around the slot, a kind of casing is made of tin, which will direct the herbal mass into the collection container, while preventing it from scattering to the sides.
They make legs.
Attach the body to the stand.
2 holes with a diameter of 7 mm are drilled on the electric motor shaft. Then a threaded bushing is placed on it, as well as holes at the end more than 5 cm long, securing it with bolts.
An electric motor is secured under the bottom of the box using studs and nuts.
Inside the casing, knives are secured to a sleeve, placing them above the grass ejection hole or at the same level with it.
The box is attached by welding or bolts to the stand.

The result will be a technique similar to the one shown in the photo below.

The start button will come from a converted washing machine. You just need to make sure to connect the extension cord of sufficient length.

The design and operation of a grass cutter from a modern washing machine is shown in the video

Features of homemade models

Any shredder (both homemade and purchased) must be composed of several basic components:

a steel frame on which all components are fixed;
electric or gasoline engine;
cutting mechanism;
protective casing;
main gear.

In addition, you can’t do without a couple of containers: the first will contain the waste being processed, and the second will store the resulting wood chips. Homemade models differ in the cutting mechanism, and the remaining elements are the same (only with different sizes). The chopping of branches can be carried out using 20 or 30 circular saws, which are equipped with carbide teeth. This could then be a combination of sharpened carbon steel blades mounted on a shaft. The garbage will be placed at right angles and chopped with knives, of which there are from 2 to 6 pieces.

The next option for a shredder is a disc crusher, in which the branches are placed at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees. In this case, the knives are mounted on a steel circle fixed to the shaft. More complex variations have two shafts rotating synchronously. The knives converge at one point and crush the waste. In this case, the wood should be folded at right angles. Circular saws are recommended for quickly and easily producing miniature wood chips from waste. A unit like a jointer is relevant when processing thin branches to obtain a larger fraction. Finally, a disc chipper is suitable for cutting branches larger than 5 centimeters in diameter.

Homemade grass grinder from a grinder

A grass grinder made from a grinder is a fairly simple and quickly implemented option. To implement the project, you will need to stock up on the following parts and materials:

steel corners;
metal container (regular boiling);
homemade or ready-made knives (for example, from a lawn mower);
fasteners;
sheet metal.

Tools you will need:

electric drill;
welding machine and electrodes for it;
an angle grinder to cut corners;
spanners.

To assemble a shredder with your own hands based on an angle grinder, capable of grinding not only grass, but also branches up to 4 cm thick, it is recommended to use a power tool with a power of over 3 kW.

The creation of a grinding unit is carried out in the following sequence:

cut the corners into pieces with a grinder;
a frame resembling a chair is welded from them;
weld a shelf from a piece of sheet metal;
attach the grinder to the made frame (on the stand) with clamps, placing its shaft towards the top;
cut a hole about 10 by 10 cm in the side of the boil-out;
a sleeve, for example, made of tin, is attached to the slot, through which the ground plant mass will be dispensed from the container;
make a hole in the center at the bottom of the boil;
install the container on the angle grinder shaft and attach it with bolts or self-tapping screws to the metal frame;
Place the knife or disc on the angle grinder.

The result will be the design shown in the photo below.

The dimensions of the corners are selected individually to make it convenient to handle the mechanism.

It should be remembered that the frame must be stable. The safety of working with the device will depend on this.

Place a bucket or other container under the pipe for dispensing chopped grass with branches while working with the unit so that the processed plants do not fly away.

The created device can be improved. To do this, you will need a grinder shaft attachment about 15 cm long with two knives: at the upper end and in the middle. The blades are separated by a mesh attached to the casing wall.

Twin shaft shredder

The work on creating a twin-shaft shredder consists of the following phases - assembling the frame and receiving compartment, creating a chopping drum with knives, installing the drum and engine.

Necessary materials:

engine;
plate 10 mm – 2 pcs;
gear – 2 pcs;
pulley - 1 piece;
shaft for knives – 2 pcs;
bearings with fasteners – 5 pcs;
knives;
profile pipe;
sheet metal (thickness 2 mm).

The first step is to make the frame. To do this, cut 4 parts from the profile pipe: 2 – 40 cm, 2 – 80 cm. Using a welding machine, fix the short parts between the long ones at right angles to form a frame. The distance between the two inner cross members must be such that the chopping drum can fit between them.

So that the chopper can be moved later, wheels must be attached to it. To do this, fix 2 racks on the frame, which will then hold the axle and wheels.

Mechanism assembly:

When the frame is ready, you can assemble the grinding drum. To make a shaft, take a square blank for 4 knives or a round one for 3.
For a square piece, grind the ends, making them round, so that they fit into the bearings. If you are using a round piece, sharpen the center section by making 3 flat cuts to accommodate the knives.
The knives themselves can easily be made from Kamaz springs. Cut the required piece of spring, align it if necessary, heating it in a forge and hitting it with a hammer several times. Re-harden the part and let it cool.
Make holes in the knives for the bolts.
Sharpen the knives on the machine, choosing a cutting edge angle of 35-45°.
Place the blades on the shaft and mark the attachment points. Drill holes at the marked points and make threads in them.
To make a chopping drum, take two plates - these will be the walls. Use a welding machine to cut holes for the bearings and sand the edges. If it is not possible to do this step yourself, you can contact a locksmith workshop or enterprise.
Install the bearings inside.
Attach the covers to the metal walls with bolts.
Insert the shafts into the bearings and secure them.
Connect the walls with threaded metal studs and secure them with nuts.
All that remains is to make a receiving compartment through which the wood will get inside. To do this, take sheet metal and make 4 identical blanks in the form of a parallelepiped.
Find the narrowest side of each piece, step back 5 cm from it and fold the edge.
Bend the remaining three blanks in the opposite direction.
Assemble the box and make sure that the pieces fit snugly together.
Connect the edges by welding or self-tightening rivets.
At the base, on the bent sides, drill places for fastenings.
Install the entire assembled structure onto the frame and secure it with bolts.
Install the engine and tension the drive element (chain or belt).
Lastly, install and secure the receiving compartment.
Cover all internal parts with a protective cover to prevent wood chips and debris from getting into the rotating mechanisms.

Assembling the wood chipper in the video below will help you more fully imagine how the whole process goes:

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Grass cutter from trimmer

A garden shredder can be made using a gasoline or electric trimmer. In this case, the tool will work in an upside-down position. To create equipment designed to chop grass and thin twigs, you will need, in addition to a brush cutter with cutting attachments, the following materials:

plastic or metal container with a volume of at least 50 liters;
approximately 1 sq.m. steel mesh with small mesh size;
about 3 meters of metal tube (aluminum or steel) half an inch in diameter;
a piece of board or moisture-resistant chipboard, plywood of such width that the trimmer fits on it;
clamps that will attach the brush cutter to the wooden base;
self-tapping screws, bolts, nuts, washers;
wooden blocks (5 by 5 cm is enough).

To assemble a chopping mechanism from a trimmer, you will need to use the following tools and devices:

a screwdriver or screwdriver with bits;
electric drill with a set of drills for wood and metal;
an electric jigsaw with files for cutting metal or a manual equivalent;
hammer;
open-end or socket wrenches;
punch;
an anvil or a flat iron plate.

A punch is needed to make it convenient to drill holes with an electric drill. This tool is pointed at the point where the metal needs to be drilled. Then it is hit with a hammer. The drill does not slip out of the resulting recess when drilling a metal part.

Hole punch set

Preparatory activities

A grass cutter from a brush cutter is manufactured in a number of stages. Initially, they are prepared in a container where the grass and branches will be ground:

make markings on the bottom (along the perimeter) for four trapezoidal holes with rounded corners;
drill holes with a cross section of 1 cm in each drawn segment;
a jigsaw file is inserted into them and trapezoids are cut out;
process the cuts with a file or sandpaper;
a hole is drilled in the center of the bottom for the chopper shaft;
a circle is cut out of steel mesh with dimensions according to the diameter of the bottom;
using small scraps of boards or blocks, the prepared mesh fragment is secured to the container from below;
Legs for the container are made from metal tubes, attaching them to the tank with bolts.

The wooden pieces are fixed with self-tapping screws, twisting them from the inside of the tank into metal jumpers between the cut trapezoids. In this way, the mesh is securely attached to the bottom of the container.

The legs are made in the following way:

bend the tubes in a vice or using a pipe bender in the shape of the letter “P”;
the ends of future supports are flattened with a hammer;
2 holes are drilled into them on each side (6.5 or 8.5 mm cross-section);
fit the workpieces to the bottom of the container and mark the points of bolted connections;
drill according to the hole mark;
using bolts with washers and nuts, attach to the footrest casing.

After preparing the casing, in order to reduce the dimensions of the created mechanism, the following operations are performed:

disassemble the trimmer, disconnecting the motor, rod and cutting attachment from each other;
cut off a fragment approximately 20-40 centimeters long from the rod with the cable;
collect the lawn mower;
check the performance of the equipment.

Chopper assembly

If the trimmer works well after assembly, then it is used to create a grass grinder.

The motor of the brush cutter is attached to the board with clamps.
Fix the bar on a wooden base using clamps and a handle from a brush cutter.
Connect the cutting attachment to the end of the rod, previously inserted into the hole at the bottom of the casing.
They start the mechanism and test it in operation.

After these steps, you will get a unit, the photograph of which is presented below.

If the trimmer used to assemble the shredder is equipped with a gasoline engine, then the motor is placed on the base so that it is convenient to fill in fuel, start the device and regulate its operation (speed).

Cutting attachments are equipped with knives or fishing line - this depends on the thickness of the plant stems being chopped.

Classification

Crushers are classified according to grinding/crushing technology:

Cheek. They consist of a movable and a fixed jaw, located to each other in a wedge-shape, and the narrow part of the wedge must correspond to the parameters of semi-finished wood products that are planned to be manufactured. The moving jaw puts pressure on the wood, which is poured into the crusher from above, bringing it closer to the jaw, which is stationary during operation. Under pressure, the wood collapses to the same size as the narrow part of the cheek, after which it crumbles.
Impact roller. In such machines, wood is poured into the receiving compartment, hits the rollers rotating towards each other during operation, is destroyed and spills out of the outlet.
Conical. They consist of a glass and a moving cone-shaped finger. The wood is poured into a glass, a cone-shaped finger enters the glass, breaks the raw material, and upon exiting, destroys it to the required size and crumbles it.
Drums. The equipment consists of a drum into which wood is supplied. When the equipment is turned on, the raw materials are destroyed by hitting each other when the drum is brought to the required speed.
Roller. They consist of a roller and a bowl, the roller unwinds, gradually approaching the bowl, the raw material is crushed, falling between the bowl and the roller.
Hammer. They consist of hammers attached to the rotor. Raw materials are poured on top while the rotor rotates, broken into small pieces with hammers and crumbled.

Wood chipper can be classified according to the size of wood crushing:

Technological chips. There is a state standard for process chips that reflects the requirements for the final result, namely the size of the chips, quality, mass fraction of residues as a percentage on sieves with different diameters and trays.
Special shavings. The settings of the machine are important, because the size of the chips used in the manufacture of particle boards depends on this.
Wood crushed fraction. This includes wood flour, wood dust and other crushed wood fractions, which are used in the production of linoleum, linkcrust, glass and other finished products.

What else can a chopper be made from?

There are many different options for creating garden shredders with your own hands: from the simplest ones, which only allow you to grind grass, to more structurally complex, powerful units designed for wood up to 10 cm thick. Accordingly, the practical implementation of the plan will require different details, different amounts of time and money.

To assemble equipment for processing plant waste, in addition to the considered options for old or unnecessary tools or equipment, you can use the following devices:

drill or hammer drill;
an old working vacuum cleaner;
unnecessary electric saw;
motor from the pump;
gasoline or electric walk-behind tractor;
any electric motor of suitable power.

A drill with a hammer drill, if you use them to chop grass, you don’t need to redo it at all. It is enough to make only a nozzle with blades. The created device will work like a blender, grinding soft plant stems into a container in small portions.

Choice of engine type: electric or gasoline?

When choosing a motor for a homemade shredder, you need to consider the availability of components .

If you have a good gasoline engine of suitable power in your garage (2–5 hp), then it can be installed on most homemade garden wood chippers.

The gasoline engine will make the grinding unit autonomous , so it can be used even where there is no possibility of connecting to an outlet.

If the device will only work near an outlet, then it is better to give preference to an electric motor . Even if you have to buy it, the difference in operating costs will quickly compensate for your costs .

The cost per hour of operation of an electric garden shredder is 7–10 times less than a device with a two-stroke gasoline engine, or 10–12 times less than a device with a four-stroke gasoline engine.

This is due both the difference in the cost of electricity and gasoline , as well as the cost of servicing gasoline engines.

Another factor that influences the choice of engine is the ease of installation . Gasoline engines only work well when their shaft is horizontal.

Therefore, to connect to the vertical shaft of the chopper, and this is how the mulcher shaft is installed, you will need a gearbox that provides a rotation of 90 degrees. That is, you will have to spend money not only on the engine, but also on the gearbox . And the electric motor works well with any shaft position, so you can do without a gearbox.

The nuances of operating homemade equipment

A self-made shredder is essentially three in one: a chopper for branches, a straw cutter, and a mechanism for cutting grass. It helps to significantly facilitate household work associated with the disposal of plant waste, as well as feeding poultry and livestock.

If you have to process grass in small quantities, for example, for chickens, geese, ducks, then very simple devices that operate on human muscle power, for example, a hand pruner, are sufficient.

For homemade electrical equipment, it is recommended to install a separate differential circuit breaker to provide reliable protection against electric shock in case of unforeseen circumstances. In any case, when making a garden shredder yourself, you must follow safety regulations. It is also worth adhering to them during operation of the mechanism. Before working with equipment, it is recommended to wear goggles, suitable protective clothing and check that the structural elements are securely fastened. When creating a home-made unit, you should take into account the upcoming amount of work, as well as the nature of the vegetation being processed, in order to select an engine of the required power and the desired design of knives. This will allow the completed device to cope with the assigned tasks without any problems.

Technical characteristics of the mechanism

A feature of the market economy is a wide range of offers of such equipment from foreign and domestic manufacturers, so the buyer must know the main technical characteristics of the mechanism, which he should pay attention to when purchasing:

Installation power. This is the basis of productivity.
Purpose of the unit. Some are necessary for chopping branches and grass, others for crushing logs and trees.
Type of fuel. Some run on electricity only, while others run on both electricity and gasoline or diesel.
Installation mobility. The dimensions of the crusher, weight, and speed of operation depend on this.
Functionality. Universal devices are used, as a rule, in everyday life and have a simple design; in such mechanisms, as a rule, there is one grinding mode; in professional ones, the level of crushing can be adjusted.

If we look at the manufacturers of industrial equipment such as crushers, one of the leading places is occupied by:

German, "Hombak", "Maier";
Chinese "Kefid";
Russian and BioSphere.

How the tool works

All shredders (or shredders

) are designed for cutting branches, grass, leaves, vegetables, paper. To operate such a unit, you need a motor, knives, a base on which it all rests, some kind of area, a hole for feeding grass and branches, a container or just a hole where the raw materials for compost have already been crushed.

Shredders operate on electric or gasoline engines. The device is gasoline-powered, has a more powerful engine, can handle even branches 5 cm thick, works longer, is larger, can be moved around the site (this can be heavy), and does not rely on an electrical outlet. But it needs to be taken care of, it needs to be filled, and it creates noise and pollutes the air.

The electric motor is considered environmentally friendly, it does not pollute the air, it makes less noise, it is much lighter than gasoline, but somewhat less powerful. An electric chopper will not cut a 4 cm thick branch; it is doomed to work motionless near the exit and suffer from power surges. But summer residents usually prefer this. Its power is quite enough to work in a small area, unless it is a huge garden of several hectares.

In fact, the cutting part has different complexity. The simplest version. a knife with three blades, more complex. a chopper with a whole system of different knives and, possibly, powerful equipment in which a mechanism with screws or even a turbine is installed. Each owner can decide how powerful a tool he needs to cut branches, grass and leaves on a site.

When compared to other household appliances, some choppers act like a meat grinder. they draw and chop herbs and twigs, throw the resulting product into a dish or simply onto the floor, and cut others into containers such as coffee grinders.

In spring and autumn, a lot of debris from trees, as well as dried plants, appears on personal plots. Basically, gardeners use overgrown tops as fertilizers, and it is necessary that the remains of grass and branches rot. To speed up the decomposition process, it is necessary to chop up the remains; therefore, a branch chopper is used. This device will help you complete the task easily and safely.

Main stages of manufacturing

Even the simplest shredder cannot be made without welding and plumbing skills. The bearing housing and shaft will have to be ordered from a turner in the workshop.

The manufacturing process has several stages:

Choice of mechanism.
Calculation of the main gear and purchase of the engine.
Turning parts on a machine.
Frame assembly.
Fastening of transmission, drive and cutting mechanisms.
Installation of containers and casing.

It is better to choose a belt drive for the main drive. After all, during operation with a heavy load or an accident, the belt will come off without any problems, which is not what you should expect from a chain.

Recommendations for choosing a branch chopper mechanism:

For crushing branches into chips with your own hands, a machine with circular saws is considered the best option.
You can choose a design called a jointer if you want to get larger parts from thin branches.
A device with a disk crusher can chop wood with a diameter of no more than 5 cm.

Care

Before using the equipment, you must carefully study the technical documentation so as not to unknowingly damage the mechanism. You should pay attention to the following points:

The raw materials entering the machine must be the same size as specified in the instructions.
It is necessary to carefully monitor the raw materials that are poured into the crusher so that stones, glass, plastic and other material do not fall into it.
Try to avoid getting into the root mechanism with soil that is on the root system.
To increase the life of the shredder, wood waste must be fresh.