Due to the fact that recently there has been a strong increase in interest in energy, and also in the technology that deals with gas turbines, heat-resistant steel is becoming popular. And there are several explanations for this. Thus, not only has interest in the industry increased recently, but also the possibility of using high temperature to manufacture some parts that have been in demand recently.
That is why heat-resistant steel is precisely the necessary discovery that allows us to produce the necessary parts at temperatures that were previously beyond the control of humans. And despite the fact that such a material is immediately exposed to high temperatures and the most unpredictable weather conditions , steel still continues to retain all its properties, which are precisely necessary for the manufacture of sought-after parts.
Which GOSTs regulate
Multifunctional steel 20x23n18 has a complex composition, which is regulated by a number of state standards.
The basis of the alloy is iron, and the remaining elements are necessary to obtain certain performance characteristics. Nickel, chromium, manganese, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur are used as alloying compounds. This composition gives the metal high strength characteristics, resistance to corrosion and increases heat resistance. In addition to the verified ratio of all elements, GOST regulates the technology for manufacturing raw materials and assortments.
Steel is smelted in an arc furnace in several stages, during which special attention is paid to temperature conditions. The generally accepted technological process consists of the following steps:
- at the initial stage of melting, the exposure temperature reaches 1180 degrees Celsius;
- upon reaching the highest melting point, the temperature begins to gradually decrease to a level of 900 degrees;
- after the main stage of deformation, the turn of hardening of the metal begins - for this, the workpiece is heated to 1150 degrees;
- at the last stage the alloy is cooled in water, oil or in open air.
Heat-resistant steel 20x23n18 according to GOST can only be produced on special steelmaking equipment, and only large production enterprises can guarantee compliance with all necessary requirements.
Steel 20Х23Н18
Reference information Steel grade Steel 20Х23Н18
General information
| Substitute | steel: 20Х23Н13, 15Х25Т. |
| Type of delivery | long products, including shaped steel: GOST 5949-75, GOST 2590-71, GOST 2591-71, GOST 2879-69. Calibrated rod GOST 7417-75, GOST 8559-75, GOST 8560-78. Polished rod and silver GOST 14955-77. Thick sheet GOST 7350-77, GOST 19903-74, GOST 19904-74. Tape GOST 4986-79. Strip GOST 4405-75, GOST 103-76. Forgings and forged blanks GOST 1133-71. |
| Purpose | forgings, bandages for operation at 650-700 °C, parts of combustion chambers, clamps, hangers and other parts for fastening boilers, muffles for operation at temperatures up to 1100 °C, seamless pipes. The steel is heat-resistant and heat-resistant of the authentic class. |
Chemical composition
| Chemical element | % |
| Silicon (Si), no more | 1.0 |
| Copper (Cu), no more | 0.30 |
| Manganese (Mn), no more | 2.0 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 17.0-20.0 |
| Titanium (Ti), no more | 0.2 |
| Phosphorus (P), no more | 0.035 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 22.0-25.0 |
| Sulfur (S), no more | 0.02 |
Mechanical properties
Mechanical properties
| Heat treatment, delivery condition | Section, mm | s0.2, MPa | sB, MPa | d5, % | d4, % | y, % |
| Rods. Quenching 1100-1150 °C, air or water. | 60 | 196 | 490 | 35 | 50 | |
| Sheets are hot-rolled or cold-rolled. Quenching 1030-1130 °C, water (transverse samples) | >4 | 264 | 539 | 35 | ||
| Cold rolled strip. Fired at 1050-1080 °C, water or air. | <0,2 | 580 | 19 | |||
| Cold rolled strip. Fired at 1050-1080 °C, water or air. | 0,2-2,0 | 580 | 38 |
Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures
| test t, °C | s0.2, MPa | sB, MPa | d5, % | y, % | KCU, J/m2 | |||||||||
| Rods with a diameter of 38-55 mm. Tempered at 1180°C, water. Aging 800 °C, 4 hours. | ||||||||||||||
| 20 | 295-320 | 600-660 | 29-35 | 47-54 | 137-186 | |||||||||
| 300 | 235 | 520-540 | 25-28 | 45-49 | 147-166 | |||||||||
| 400 | 225 | 540 | 24-32 | 39-45 | 147-166 | |||||||||
| 500 | 210 | 520-540 | 25-31 | 41-45 | 171 | |||||||||
| 600 | 195 | 440 | 24 | 46 | 176 | |||||||||
| 700 | 185-195 | 315-330 | 19-24 | 35 | 171 | |||||||||
| 800 | 165 | 185-205 | 19-27 | 34 | 176 | |||||||||
| Sample with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 50 mm, rolled. Deformation speed 20 mm/min. Strain rate 0.007 1/s. | ||||||||||||||
| 800 | 215 | 255 | 24 | 67 | ||||||||||
| 900 | 135 | 135 | 37 | 77 | ||||||||||
| 1000 | 64 | 71 | 49 | 77 | ||||||||||
| 1100 | 39 | 44 | 51 | 70 | ||||||||||
| 1200 | 22 | 27 | 27 | 31 | ||||||||||
Mechanical properties depending on on thermal exposure and test temperature
| Heat treatment, delivery condition | test t, °C | s0.2, MPa | sB, MPa | d5, % | y, % | KCU, J/m2 | ||||||||
| Rods with a cross section of 38-55 mm. Quenching 1180 °C, water. Aging 800 °C, 4 hours. | ||||||||||||||
| Thermal exposure 650 °C, 10000 h | 20 | 330 | 590-630 | 12-18 | 28 | 64-69 | ||||||||
| Thermal exposure 650 °C, 10000 h | 650 | 205 | 340-390 | 11-15 | 16-21 | 127 | ||||||||
| Heat holding time 700 °C, 10000 h | 20 | 320 | 510-550 | 5-6 | 8-10 | 15 | ||||||||
| Heat holding time 700 °C, 10000 h | 650 | 195 | 285-330 | 4-5 | 5-8 | 49 | ||||||||
| Heat holding time 800 °C, 2000 h | 20 | 295 | 640 | 26-35 | 29-42 | 59 | ||||||||
| Heat holding time 800 °C, 2000 h | 500 | 195 | 460 | 22 | 33-43 | |||||||||
| Heat holding time 800 °C, 2000 h | 650 | 175 | 390 | 14-19 | 23-24 | 137-167 | ||||||||
| Heat holding time 800 °C, 2000 h | 800 | 145 | 185 | 6-8 | 12-16 | |||||||||
| Heat holding time 800 °C, 4000 h | 20 | 315 | 590-630 | 17-32 | 20-39 | 34 | ||||||||
| Heat holding time 800 °C, 4000 h | 500 | 195 | 470 | 18-25 | 29-35 | 54-59 | ||||||||
| Heat holding time 800 °C, 4000 h | 650 | 185 | 350 | 8-12 | 15-17 | 78-98 | ||||||||
| Heat holding time 800 °C, 4000 h | 800 | 135 | 185 | 7-10 | 13-18 | |||||||||
| Heat holding time 800 °C, 10000 h | 20 | 275 | 580-620 | 14-28 | 20-39 | 34 | ||||||||
| Heat holding time 800 °C, 10000 h | 650 | 175 | 340-370 | 5-10 | 20 | 73-80 | ||||||||
Technological properties
| Forging temperature | Start 1220, end 900. Sections up to 350 mm are cooled in air. |
| Weldability | limited weldability. |
| Machinability | In the normalized and tempered state at HB 178 and sB = 610 MPa, Ku b.st. = 0.4. |
Endurance limit
| s-1, MPa | sB, MPa | s0.2, MPa | Heat treatment, steel condition |
| 255 | 590 | ||
| 245 | 570 | 290 | Quenching 1100 C, water or air. HB 140-200 |
Heat resistance
| Wednesday | Temperature, °C | Test duration, h | Depth, mm/year | Strength group or score |
| Air | 650 | 4500 | 0,0027 | 2 |
| Air | 750 | 1500 | 0,01 | 3 |
| Air | 800 | 0,044 | 4 |
Physical properties
| Test temperature, °C | 20 | 100 | 20 0 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 |
| Modulus of normal elasticity, E, GPa | 200 | 182 | 176 | 170 | 160 | 150 | 141 | |||
| Density, pn, kg/cm3 | 7900 | 7760 | 7720 | 7670 | 7620 | 7540 | ||||
| Thermal conductivity coefficient W/(m °C) | 14 | 16 | 19 | 22 | ||||||
| Ud. electrical resistance (p, NΩ m) | 1000 | |||||||||
| Test temperature, °C | 20- 100 | 20- 200 | 20- 300 | 20- 400 | 20- 500 | 20- 600 | 20- 700 | 20- 800 | 20- 900 | 20- 1000 |
| Linear expansion coefficient (a, 10-6 1/°С) | 14.9 | 15.7 | 16.6 | 17.3 | 17.5 | 17.9 | 17.9 | |||
| Specific heat capacity (C, J/(kg °C)) | 538 |
Characteristics and properties
The metal composition is developed on the basis of heat-resistant alloys, but the presence of some additional components enhances the individual properties of the metal. Thus, nickel increases the heat resistance of the alloy, and chromium prevents oxidation. The presence of a small amount of carbon increases the permissible temperature range and increases the plasticity properties. Chromium forms a protective film on the metal surface and finished products are perfectly resistant to high humidity.
Steel has the following specific properties:
- high technology;
- increased plasticity;
- heat resistance;
- resistance to corrosion of any type;
- excellent weldability.
The main area of use of the alloy is the manufacture of various metal parts, and various mechanical and thermal methods are used to process metal blanks to create a specific shape. Steel lends itself well to forging, grinding, polishing and smelting. This property makes it possible to create monolithic parts with high tensile strength.
General characteristics of corrosion-resistant steel
Corrosion-resistant steels include metal alloys that are highly resistant to corrosion processes in different atmospheric and climatic conditions, water, aggressive gas and chemical environments.
Anti-corrosion properties are ensured by enriching carbon steel with special elements, the most important of which is chromium. Its minimum content in the structure of alloys is 10.5%. Currently there are about 250 brands of stainless steel. The most used alloying elements are nickel, cobalt, titanium, molybdenum, niobium. Carbon, which is necessarily included in the composition, gives the finished products the necessary strength and hardness. Changing the proportions of chemical elements produces a metal with different properties, intended for specific areas of use.
Scope of application of stainless steel 20x23n18
The alloy, unique in its characteristics, is intended for the manufacture of parts that will be used under conditions of aggressive and extreme exposure. To obtain equipment parts, ordinary metal blanks are used, but there are also more attractive options, assortments with a ground surface. This assortment is used to create decorative interior elements. For example, furniture in the high-tech style necessarily contains several metal products that give it an original and modern look.
Steel 20x23n18 is purchased for the following purposes:
- creation of parts for heating systems and furnace equipment;
- aviation industry;
- production of parts intended for use in environments with increased radioactive background;
- creating kitchen utensils that are exposed to temperature;
- production of seamless pipes;
- construction of metal structures.
The heat-resistant alloy copes well with intense loads and withstands long periods of heating, which makes the metal indispensable in the manufacture of parts for certain equipment.
Classification of heat-resistant steels
Typically, heat-resistant material is used to make parts that are simply impossible to produce in any other way. First of all, we are talking about blades for engines such as gas turbines. Typically, this material goes through several operations that help produce the necessary parts.
Operations used for the manufacture of gas turbine engine parts:
- Forging.
- Grinding.
- Mechanical restoration.
- Polishing.
- Precision casting.
All these and many other technical tasks must go through the metal called steel. There are many different types of this metal, but steel 20x23n18 its characteristics prove that it is not only the most common, but also adapted to work and perform all necessary technical operations in any climatic conditions.
Stainless steel products 20x23n18
In you will find a wide range of steel 20x23n18 at the price from the manufacturer. Qualified consultants will help you choose an assortment option and calculate the required volume of rolled metal. Depending on your technical requirements, the following products can be purchased from the company:
- metal sheets of different thicknesses with subsequent surface treatment;
- finished pipes in a wide dimensional grid;
- calibrated metal rods;
- steel strips;
- wire of any diameter.
The company complies with all established regulations and carefully monitors the quality of each batch of products.
To select and purchase products made of stainless steel 20x23n18, go to the catalog.
Classification of stainless steel grades
The classification of stainless steel differs in different countries, but there are general similar principles by which stainless steel is divided into several types:
- Austenitic;
- Ferritic;
- Martensitic;
- Duplex.
Austenitic stainless steel
The austenitic group includes alloys with a high content of chromium and nickel. Austenitic stainless steel is characterized by increased strength and flexibility, is easily amenable to various types of processing and has increased anti-corrosion properties. This type of stainless steel has found its application in industry. Austenitic steel is a non-magnetic metal.
This group is divided into several types of stainless steel:
A1
– steel containing a large amount of sulfur. Due to this, it has the lowest corrosion resistance.
A2
– the most commonly used grade of stainless steel. Easy to weld, does not lose its properties at low temperatures. Among the disadvantages, it can be noted that this steel does not withstand an aggressive acidic environment.
A3
– improved version of A2 steel. Components have been added to the composition that allow stainless steel not to change its properties at high temperatures and in an acidic environment.
A4
– an alloy with the addition of molybdenum (up to 3%). Mainly used in shipbuilding, as the steel is characterized by a high level of resistance in an acidic environment.
A5
– has almost the same properties as A4. They differ from each other only in the ratio of additives in the alloy composition. This type of stainless steel is used for increased resistance to ultra-high temperatures.
Ferritic stainless steel
In the group of ferritic alloys, the chromium content in the composition is increased, it reaches 20%. Because of this, this type of stainless steel is sometimes called “chromium.” The chemical composition of ferritic stainless steel is resistant to aggressive external environments. Ferritic steel grades have magnetic properties. Ferritic stainless steel is widely used in industry as it is relatively cheap.
Martensitic stainless steel
A special type of stainless steels are martensitic alloys. They are characterized by high strength and wear resistance. Martensitic steel grades contain a minimum amount of harmful substances that are not released when heated. Martensitic alloys include heat-resistant corrosion steel.
Duplex stainless steel
The last type of stainless steel that combines the properties of all other groups is duplex alloys. Innovative steels are developed individually, depending on the customer’s needs.
The types of stainless steel are not limited to the above, since any percentage change in the substances in the composition can lead to the creation of a new type of stainless steel.
