I-beam: markings, technical parameters of wooden and metal beams for floors, advantages and disadvantages

  1. What is an I-beam?
  2. Production of steel beams Hot rolled
  3. Automatic welding
  • Classification of steel I-beams
  • Marking
      With parallel shelves
  • With sloped internal edges
  • Scope of application
  • Advantages and disadvantages
  • Basic criteria for choosing an I-beam
  • When constructing road, industrial, public and other large facilities, reliable reinforcement is required. To ensure increased strength, steel I-beams are used in supporting structures. They can easily handle heavy loads.

    What is an I-beam

    One of the most popular types of shaped metal products is the I-beam, for the manufacture of which simple carbon or low-alloy steel is used. Externally, the product looks like a long metal profile with a specific symmetrical cross-section - a neck and two parallel shelves, reminiscent of the letter “H” laid on its side.

    This shape gives the structure additional rigidity and stability, allowing you to achieve the necessary load distribution. I-beams are several times superior to angles and square profiles in these parameters. All parameters of the manufactured beams are described in the state standard GOST R 57837-2017.

    About beam production

    Metallurgical plants produce I-beams in a large assortment. According to the manufacturing method, metal structures are divided into two large groups: hot-rolled and welded. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.

    Hot rolled production

    The production process is carried out in accordance with GOST on rail and beam rolling mills. It consists of deformation of a steel rectangular profile (bloom), heated to a temperature of 1100-12000C. Using compression by drive rollers, the workpiece is given the required shape.

    Advantages of hot rolled beams:

    • solidity;
    • simple manufacturing process;
    • strength and rigidity indicators are higher than those of welded beams.

    The disadvantages of such products are considered to be a not entirely smooth surface, remnants of roller marks and scale on the surface. The equipment is designed for certain rental sizes and does not have the ability to quickly adapt to a special order.

    Automatic welding

    This method is used by small metalworking plants with small-scale production. Sheet steel is cut into blanks. Next, the edges are processed on a milling machine. The elements are assembled using tacks and welded on a welding machine using flux. Checked using ultrasound. Welding production of I-beams has its advantages:

    • In addition to standard products according to GOST, it is possible to make individual beams according to customer drawings.
    • It is possible to produce a product with reinforced thick sections according to special projects.
    • It is possible to produce bimetallic I-beams with elements made from different grades of steel.

    Welded beams have a more marketable appearance. They are free of scale and rust after being shot blasted. The metal consumption of welded structures is lower than hot-rolled ones, which means their price is also lower.

    Classification of steel I-beams

    In addition to the differences between I-beams according to the production method, they are classified according to other criteria:

    • In shape - with inclined edges of the internal shelves (from 6 to 12%) and with parallel edges. The areas of application of both types are different.
    • According to the size ratio - normal (B), narrow flange (U), medium flange (D), wide flange (W), support-column (K).
    • By length – measured length, unmeasured length, multiple of measured length.

    Metal structures with inclined internal edges can only be manufactured using the hot-rolled method. They are divided into:

    • O - ordinary, tilt angle according to GOST 8239-89 from 6 to 12%;
    • M – monorails for overhead tracks with an angle of no more than 12%;
    • C – special with an inclination angle of up to 16%.

    I-beams with inclined edges can be produced with normal accuracy (B) and increased accuracy (B).

    Types of beam floors

    Different types of beams are used for different buildings and parts of it. The most commonly used elements are wood, metal, concrete and reinforced concrete.

    By material

    Let's take a closer look at what floor beams can be based on materials.

    Wooden

    Such beams are used mainly in private construction when constructing a house from timber, logs or frame houses. Wood is an environmentally friendly material, inexpensive, and lightweight, so it is easier to install such parts yourself.

    But there are certain restrictions on the use of wooden elements - this is the span length. For interfloor spaces, the maximum span length is 5 m, and for attic spaces no more than 6 m.

    More information about wooden beams here.

    Metal

    These beam floors are thinner, more reliable, and their service life is longer than wooden ones, but despite this they are used less often. This is because they are heavier and have lower heat and sound insulation values . With the help of metal elements it is possible to make spans longer than 6 m; metal does not burn, does not rot or mold, and is more durable.

    But iron parts have a high price and heavy weight, which requires the use of technology. Metal is rarely used in private construction, but it is popular in the construction of multi-apartment buildings.

    More detailed information about metal beams in this article.

    Concrete and reinforced concrete

    Reinforced concrete floor elements are economically beneficial for the construction of multi-storey buildings and other large structures. Such beams allow spans above 7 m and are high-strength. The only disadvantage of such structures is the use of heavy equipment in the form of a crane.

    This article on our website talks in detail about reinforced concrete and concrete beams.

    By type of construction

    There are 4 structural types.

    Farms

    Increasingly, wooden trusses are used in construction, which are made using MiTek technology developed by Canadian specialists. These are lightweight, quickly assembled and reliable structures. They look like two parallel beams, fastened together by braces using iron toothed plates.

    Trusses are beam elements manufactured in industrial conditions . For their production, coniferous wood of classes C-22 and C24 is used. There is no need to make holes in these elements; they have a lattice structure, which allows pipes to be passed through the trusses.

    With the help of wooden trusses you can cover spans up to 8 m long and higher. They do not curl or dry out.

    You can learn more about floor trusses from this article.

    Crossbars

    This is a supporting structure that is installed horizontally and serves as the basis for a frame that is assembled from beams. There are crossbars :

    • reinforced concrete;
    • iron;
    • wooden.


    The scope of application of a crossbar is wider than that of a conventional beam; it is sometimes installed on a foundation. Using this element, you can fasten parts of the structure without relying on the base, connecting them together. The literal translation of the crossbar is rectifier, i.e. a part that helps straighten and strengthen the structure.

    I-beam

    This is a profile (metal or wood) whose cross-section resembles the letter H, which makes it stronger and more rigid than square beams.

    I-beams are often used for:

    1. bridge construction;
    2. when installing floors;
    3. for reinforcing mine shafts.

    The scope of their application depends on its length, height, width, radius of curvature of the flow and radius of the internal curvature.

    Full information about I-beams is here.

    Twin

    To enhance the load-bearing capacity of the structure, double beams are used. For example, two wooden beams 50 mm wide, fastened together, can withstand a greater load than one beam 100 mm thick. Double elements “do not play” and become stronger and more rigid, which is why they are often used for large spans.

    By role in the design

    Beams are divided by type of construction:

    1. The supporting structures are horizontal beams fixed parallel to one another. They are designed to support the floors of the upper floors. Support elements often span a room from one wall to another. As a rule, they are left open, mounted under ceilings and covered with wood panels. The support beams are supported by wooden blocks placed between them.
    2. Load-bearing beams are a tetrahedral log element that acts as a support for ceilings, floors and flat roofs. Such structures are called lags. The load-bearing elements are made of wood; they have a rectangular cross-section, where the width is 50-160 mm, height 140-240 mm. Load-bearing parts are laid at a distance of 0.6 m to 1 m. The size of the section depends on the planned load.
    3. Secondary beams are solid members that rest on the main beams and exterior walls.

    Marking features

    The designation of a metal structure is based on the cross-sectional shape and the ratio of geometric dimensions. The main size of the I-beam is the distance between the outer edges of the shelves, i.e. his high.

    Let's look at a few examples.

    With parallel shelves

    In accordance with the homological series of GOST, the dimensions change:

    • height – from 10 to 100 cm;
    • width from 55 to 400 cm.

    Example 1

    16B2 is a normal beam with a height of 16 cm, the number after the letter is the profile size of this series.

    Example 2

    26Ш1 – wide-flange I-beam with a height of 255 mm and profile size series 1.

    With sloped internal edges

    The following beams are produced according to the size range:

    • height – 100-600 mm;
    • width – 55-190 mm;
    • tilt angle – 6-12%.

    The marking includes a number indicating the height in cm. Next comes a letter indicating the manufacturing accuracy.

    Example 1

    14B – I-beam with inclined edges of increased precision with a height of 140 mm.

    The product is marked on the ends using permanent paint indicating the order number, drawing and beam designation.

    Classification of I-beams with parallel internal edges of flanges according to geometric characteristics

    The assortment of the new GOST R 57837-2017 fully complies with the assortment of STO ASChM 20-93 - another standard that previously operated in parallel with GOST 26020-83. The marking of metal products with an I-beam profile, according to GOST, indicates:

    • number – characteristic that determines the height of the wall (h) of the I-beam;
    • letter – characterizes the type of design;
    • index - the higher it is, the more massive the cross section.

    In addition to the wall height, the cross-section of an I-beam profile is characterized by: wall thickness (s), flange width (b), flange thickness (t). According to their design, products are distinguished - beam, wide-flange, column, pile.

    Beam

    The height of the wall of a normal beam I-beam, designated in the marking by the letter B, is significantly greater than the width of the shelves. The main area of ​​application of the I-beam is the arrangement of structural systems that work in bending, the creation of lattice beam systems. The products are also used in arranging roofs, stairs, and for reinforcing foundations.

    Table of dimensional characteristics of a normal beam I-beam

    I-beam No.hbstrFMP
    123456789
    10B1100554,15,7710,328,116,512
    12B1117,6643,85,1711,038,717,648
    12B2120644,46,3713,2110,421,136
    14B1137,4733,85,6713,3910,521,424
    14B2140734,76,9716,4312,926,288
    16B11578245,9916,1812,725,888
    16B21608257,4920,0915,832,144
    18B1177914,36,5919,5815,431,328
    18B2180915,38923,9518,838,32
    20B0198994,571123,1818,237,088
    20B12001005,581127,1621,343,456
    20B22031016,59,51132,1925,351,504
    20B32081028121140,2431,664,384
    25B1248124581232,6825,752,288
    25B2250125691237,6629,660,256
    25B32551267,511,51247,6237,476,192
    25B42601279141257,6845,392,288
    30B12981495,581340,83265,28
    30B23001506,591346,7836,774,848
    30B3305151811,51358,7446,193,984
    30B43101529,5141370,855,6113,28
    35B1346174691452,6841,484,288
    35B23501757111463,1449,6101,024
    35B33551768,513,51477,0860,5123,328
    35B43611771016,51492,8972,9148,624
    40B13961997111672,1656,6115,456
    40B24002008131684,1266134,592
    40B34062019,51616102,0580,1163,28
    40B4412202111916120,194,3192,16
    45B14461998121884,366,2134,88
    45B24502009141896,7676154,816
    45B345620110,51718115,4390,6184,688
    45B4462202122018134,22105,4214,752
    50B14921998,8122092,3872,5147,808
    50B249619991420101,2779,5162,032
    50B3500200101620114,2389,7182,768
    50B4508201122020139,99109,9223,984
    50B5516202152420170,59133,9272,944
    55B15432209,513,524113,3689181,376
    55B25472201015,524124,7497,9199,584
    55B35532211218,524148,63116,7237,808
    55B4560222142224174,86137,3279,776
    60B1596199101522120,4594,6192,72
    60B2600200111722134,41105,5215,056
    60B360420112,51922151,28118,8242,048
    60B4612202152322181,97142,8291,152
    70B16912601215,524164,74129,3263,584
    70B26972601318,524186,94146,7299,104
    70B370226114,52124210,26165,1336,416
    70B4710262172524248,14194,8397,024

    Beam wide flange

    The width of the flanges of a wide-flange I-beam is close to the height of the wall. The wide flange profile can withstand 40% higher forces compared to a normal beam. Such products, as a rule, are used in cases where it is necessary to provide a significant area of ​​support for structures on a profile or, conversely, beams on a base surface. They are in demand when covering large rooms with floor slabs, the length of which is slightly less than the distance between load-bearing walls.

    Table of assortment of beam wide-flange I-beams

    I-beam No.hbstrFMP
    123456789
    20Ш0190149571331,1124,449,776
    20Ш1194150691339,0130,662,416
    20Ш21991517,511,51349,3838,879,008
    20Ш32041529141359,854795,76
    20Ш42111551117,51375,0658,9120,096
    20Ш521815713211390,2770,9144,432
    20Ш6228159162613112,2988,1179,664
    25Ш0240174691646,8436,874,944
    25Ш12441757111656,2444,189,984
    25SH22491768,513,51668,5953,8109,744
    25SH325617710,5171685,6967,3137,104
    25Ш4264182132116107,584,4172
    25Ш5274184162616133,4104,7213,44
    25Ш6286186193216163,42128,3261,472
    30Ш02901997101861,4848,398,368
    30Ш12942008121872,3856,8115,808
    30Ш23002019151887,3868,6139,808
    30Ш3306203111818105,5682,9168,896
    30Ш4314206132218128,52100,9205,632
    30Ш5326208162818162,46127,5259,936
    30Ш6342210203618207,98163,3332,768
    35Ш13342498112083,1765,3133,072
    35Ш234025091420101,5179,7162,416
    35Ш33472521117,520125,9598,9201,52
    35Ш4354254132120150,67118,3241,072
    35Ш5364258162620187,51147,2300,016
    35Ш6376260193220229,11179,9366,576
    35Ш7392262234020284,79223,6455,664
    40Ш13832999,512,522112,9188,6180,656
    40Ш2390300101622135,95106,7217,52
    40Ш33973021219,522164,89129,4263,824
    40Ш440630414,52422201,98158,6323,168
    40Ш541830917,53022252,2198403,52
    40Ш6430311213622303,25238,1485,2
    40Ш7446313254422369,09289,7590,544
    45Ш0434299101524135,04106216,064
    45Ш1440300111824157,38123,5251,808
    45Ш2446302132124184,3144,7294,88
    45Ш3452304152424211,46166338,336
    45Ш4464308183024262,46206419,936
    45Ш5476310213624312,98245,7500,768
    45Ш6492312254424380,5298,7608,8
    50Ш1482300111526145,52114,2232,832
    50Ш248730014,517,526176,34138,4282,144
    50Ш349330015,520,526198,86156,1318,176
    50Ш449930016,523,526221,38173,8354,208
    50Ш5508302192826260,8204,7417,28
    50Ш6518310223326309,84243,2495,744
    50Ш7532312264026372,92292,7596,672
    50Ш8548314304826442,84347,6708,544
    60Ш1582300121728174,49137279,184
    60Ш25893001620,528217,41170,7347,856
    60Ш35973001824,528252,37198,1403,792
    60Ш46053002028,528287,33225,6459,728
    60Ш5616302233428338,13265,4541,008
    60Ш6630315274128412,99324,2660,784
    60Ш7644317314828480,93377,5769,488
    60Ш8664319365828574,05450,6918,48
    70Ш1692300132028211,49166338,384
    70Ш2698300152328242,53190,4388,048
    70Ш37073001827,528289,09226,9462,544
    70Ш471530020,531,528329,39258,6527,024
    70Ш57253002336,528375,69294,9601,104
    70Ш6740313274428458,21359,7733,136
    70Ш7758315325328549,27431,2878,832
    70Ш8780317386428660,25518,31056,4

    Columned

    The width of the flanges of column I-beams relates to the height of the wall, approximately 1:1. Such rolled products are very stable along the vertical axis. It is used in structures experiencing compression, tension, compression and bending forces. Areas of use for column I-beams are the production of rods for massive large-sized trusses, vertical columns and supports installed at civil, industrial, agricultural or warehouse facilities under construction. This rental does not require complex processing or the use of additional fasteners. Such beams can be cut along the vertical axis to create lattice structures.

    Column I-beam assortment table

    I-beam No.hbstrFMP
    123456789
    15K114714968,51134,1726,854,672
    15K21501507101140,1431,564,224
    15K31551518,512,51149,8439,179,744
    15K416015210151159,6446,895,424
    15K516615312181171,7256,3114,752
    20K11961996,5101352,6941,484,304
    20K22002008121363,5349,9101,648
    20K32042019141373,5757,8117,712
    20K421020110,5171388,2769,3141,232
    20K521420212191399,3378158,928
    20K6220202142213114,9790,3183,952
    20K7226203162513131,11102,9209,776
    20K8234203182913150,87118,4241,392
    25K12462498121679,7262,6127,552
    25K22502509141692,1872,4147,488
    25K32532511015,516102,2180,2163,536
    25K42572521117,516114,8290,1183,712
    25K526225312,52016131,15102,9209,84
    25K62672531422,516147,13115,5235,408
    25K7274258162616171,88134,9275,008
    25K82812591829,516194,97153311,952
    25K9288260203316218,2171,3349,12
    25K10298261233816251,62197,5402,592
    30K129829991418110,887177,28
    30K2300300101518119,7894191,648
    30K3300305151518134,78105,8215,648
    30K4304301111718134,82105,8215,712
    30K5308301121918149,56117,4239,296
    30K6312302132118164,72129,3263,552
    30K731630214,52318180,85142289,36
    30K831635714,52318206,15161,8329,84
    30K9322358162618232,14182,2371,424
    30K10328359182918259,6203,8415,36
    30K11334360203218287,18225,4459,488
    30K123413612235,518318,49250509,584
    30K13350362244018357,18280,4571,488
    30K14356371274318394,74310631,584
    30K15364372304718433,46340693,536
    30K16374373335218479,8377767,68
    30K17384374365718526,34413842,144
    30K18396375396318580,58456928,928
    30K19408385436918650,185101040,288
    30K20422387477618717,925641148,672
    30K21440389528518804,486321287,168
    35K1342348101520139,03109,1222,448
    35K1.5346349111720156,41122,8250,256
    35K2350350121920173,87136,5278,192
    35K335535113,521,520196,48154,2314,368
    35K4360352152420219,19172,1350,704
    35K536535316,526,520242190387,2
    35K63693601828,520264,79207,9423,664
    35K7376361203220296,87233474,992
    35K8382362223520325,47255,5520,752
    35K93893632438,520357,82280,9572,512
    35K1039636426,54220391,87307,6626,992
    35K11404374294620437,99344700,784
    35K12414375325120485,77381777,232
    35K13424376355620533,75419854
    35K14434377386120581,93457931,088
    35K15446378426720640,995031025,584
    35K16458392467320719,275651150,832
    35K17472393508020788,236191261,168
    35K18488394558820868,476821389,552
    35K19506395609720956,937511531,088
    35K2052040965104201056,958301691,12
    35K2154041171114201162,039121859,248
    35K2256241377125201276,1710022041,872
    35K2358042684134201407,1911052251,504
    35K2460443092146201546,0712142473,712
    40K1394398111822186,81146,6298,896
    40K2400400132122218,69171,7349,904
    40K3406403162422254,87200,1407,792
    40K4414405182822295,39231,9472,624
    40K4.5420403203122325,61255,6520,976
    40K54294002335,522370,49290,8592,784
    40K6438370254022389,65306623,44
    40K7448371284522438,29344701,264
    40K8458372315022487,13382779,408
    40K9470373355622547,21430875,536
    40K10484374396322615,01483984,016
    40K11494392436822691,215431105,936
    40K12510393487622773,356071237,36
    40K13528394538522863,696781381,904
    40K14548395599522965,877581545,392
    40K1556441065103221081,458491730,32
    40K1658841272115221209,519491935,216
    40K1761641480129221358,6710672173,872
    40K1863843087140221519,6111932431,376
    40K1966843596155221696,3313322714,128

    Pile

    This is the smallest category, including only 14 standard sizes. The product is distinguished by its massive cross-section. The height of the wall is approximately equal to the width of the shelves, and the thickness of the wall is approximately equal to the thickness of the shelves. Pile I-beam metal products are capable of withstanding high loads.

    Pile I-beam assortment table

    I-beam No.hbstrFMP
    123456789
    13С1128118991232,3856,251,808
    20С120020412121371,5356,2114,448
    25С124425211111682,0664,4131,296
    25С2250255141416104,6882,2167,488
    30С1294302121218107,6684,5172,256
    30С2300305151518134,78105,8215,648
    32С1326,732024,824,815229,28105,8366,848
    32С2337,932630,330,415283,97105,8454,352
    35С1338351131320135,25106,2216,4
    35С2344354161620166,63130,8266,608
    35С3350357191920198,37155,7317,392
    40С1388402151522178,45140,1285,52
    40С2394405181822214,39168,3343,024
    40С3400408212122250,69196,8401,104

    Additional beams and columns

    Products from additional series have the letter D at the beginning of the marking. Their presence allows you to select a beam that optimally matches the planned operating conditions.

    Assortment table for additional beam I-beams

    I-beam No.hbstrFMP
    123456789
    20DB12071335,88,47,633,8726,654,192
    20DB22101346,410,27,639,9731,363,952
    25DB125114668,67,639,6431,163,424
    25DB22561466,310,97,647,083775,328
    25DB32601477,212,77,654,734387,568
    25DB42581466,19,17,641,732,766,72
    25DB52621476,611,27,649,2438,578,784
    25DB62661487,6137,657,2244,891,552
    30DB130910268,97,636,1228,357,792
    30DB23131026,610,87,641,7632,766,816
    30DB33101655,89,78,949,5438,779,264
    30DB43131666,611,28,957,0444,591,264
    30DB53171677,613,28,966,8552106,96
    30DB6303165610,28,951,340,382,08
    30DB73071666,711,88,958,8446,194,144
    30DB83101677,913,78,968,7654110,016
    35DB13491275,88,510,241,7432,966,784
    35DB23531286,510,710,249,843979,744
    35DB33521716,99,810,257,3444,691,744
    35DB43551717,211,610,264,4551103,12
    35DB53581727,913,110,272,1758115,472
    35DB6363173,29,115,710,285,4567,1136,72
    35DB73532549,516,416115,9391185,488
    35DB835725510,518,316129,17101206,672
    35DB936025611,419,916140,59110224,944
    35DB103632571321,716155,28122248,448
    40DB13991406,48,810,249,9438,879,904
    40DB2403140711,210,258,946,194,24
    40DB34031777,510,910,268,0753108,912
    40DB44071787,712,810,275,8360121,328
    40DB54101798,814,410,285,9967137,584
    40DB64131809,71610,295,4575152,72
    40DB741718110,918,210,2108,2685173,216
    45DB14501527,610,810,266,2852106,048
    45DB2455153813,310,275,8660121,376
    45DB34591549,115,410,287,2968139,664
    45DB4462154,49,61710,294,4874,2151,168
    45DB5466155,310,518,910,2104,5682,1167,296
    45DB6453189,98,512,710,285,4767,1136,752
    45DB7457190914,510,294,5174151,216
    45DB84601919,91610,2104,3982167,024
    45DB946319210,517,710,2113,7689182,016
    45DB1046619311,41910,2123,0397196,848
    45DB1146919412,620,610,2134,72106215,552
    53DB353320910,215,612,7117,7892,5188,448
    53DB453721010,917,412,7129,2101,4206,72
    53DB553921111,618,812,7138,88109222,208
    53DB654421213,121,212,7156,98123,2251,168
    53DB754921414,723,612,7176,16138,3281,856
    60DB15991781012,812,7104,2982166,864
    60DB260317910,91512,7117,5492188,064
    60DB360322810,514,912,7129,51101207,216
    60DB460822811,217,312,7144,49113231,184
    60DB561222911,919,612,7159,32125254,912
    60DB661723013,122,212,7178,52140285,632

    Assortment table for additional column I-beams

    I-beam No.hbstrFMP
    123456789
    10DK196100581221,216,733,92
    10DK2100100610122620,441,6
    UDKZ12010612201253,241,885,12
    12DK1114120581225,319,940,48
    12DK21201206,511123426,754,4
    12DKZ14012612,5211266,453,1106,24
    14DK11331405,58,51231,424,750,24
    14DK2140140712124333,768,8
    14DKZ16014513221280,663,2128,96
    15DK11521525,86,67,628,6122,545,776
    15DK21571536,69,37,638,0929,860,944
    15DKZ1621548,111,67,647,4737,175,952
    16DK1152160691538,830,462,08
    16DK21601608131554,342,686,88
    16DKZ18016614231597,176,2155,36
    18DK117118069,51545,335,572,48
    18DK21801808,3141565,351,2104,48
    18DKZ20018614,52415113,388,9181,28
    20DK12032037,21110,258,5946,193,744
    20DK22062047,912,610,266,5852106,528
    20DKZ2102059,114,210,275,6459121,024
    20DK421620610,217,410,291,0671145,696
    20DK52222091320,610,2110,5186176,816
    20DK622921014,523,710,2126,77100202,832
    25DK12532548,614,212,792,8473148,544
    25DK22562559,415,612,7102,0880163,328
    25DKZ26025610,717,312,7114,0889182,528
    25DK426425711,919,612,7128,88101206,208

    Scope of application

    Since the I-beam is a load-bearing element and gives strength and rigidity to any structure, it is used everywhere in the construction of objects for a wide variety of purposes.

    This reinforcement is irreplaceable wherever it is necessary to withstand high loads under vertical transverse impact. The product is used in the construction of:

    • bridges;
    • overhead tracks;
    • underground passages, parking lots;
    • railway tunnels;
    • crane tracks;
    • stadiums, sports swimming pools;
    • overpasses

    The I-beam is part of the floors between floors of buildings, roofs, and plays an important role in the construction of heavily loaded buildings, for example, skyscrapers. I-beams are also used in the construction of pit wall structures and monorails.

    How to do it yourself?

    Wooden I-beam floors can be made independently. This allows you to save money and also immediately make beams of the required size, so as not to adjust the material during installation.

    First of all, you need to choose the right material , since the quality of the elements depends on the wood.


    1. Timber . The best timber is laminated timber, because it deforms less, rots and swells less often. This is a durable and strong material, but it can also absorb moisture.

    2. Larch is an ideal wood for making beams. Thanks to its resin, larch only becomes stronger when wet.

    For the rack, OSB board or multi-layer plywood is suitable. OSB is a stronger and more durable material. To fasten the timber and the rack of the floor beams of a residential building, the adhesive should be chosen with a non-toxic composition.

    I-beam assembly process

    1. Prepare bars of the required size. Grooves are cut along each beam to secure the rack.
    2. Cut vertical posts from OSB board. The edges of the slabs are beveled so that the stand fits tightly into the groove of the beam.
    3. The grooves in the beams are lubricated with glue. A stand is inserted into the groove of the lower beam, covered with a second beam on top, and the entire structure is pressed tightly.
    4. The prefabricated structure is left until the glue has completely dried (according to its instructions).

    For better joining of beam elements, channels are placed on the bars and tightened with ropes or belts until the glue hardens. After this, the parts can be used to construct floors.

    Advantages and disadvantages

    Compared to other types of rolled metal, an I-beam has the highest strength characteristics, thanks to its cross-sectional shape, which distributes force loads throughout the entire metal structure.

    The advantages of an I-beam also include:

    • insensitivity to mechanical and atmospheric influences;
    • resistance to building shrinkage;
    • low weight in relation to the loads that the metal structure can withstand;
    • resistance to bending and compression;
    • the ability to use welding during installation, which speeds up the construction process;
    • constancy of geometric parameters;
    • cost-effectiveness - allows you to do without additional reinforcement elements.

    The disadvantages of an I-beam are:

    • Low corrosion resistance.
    • Poor resistance to torsion.
    • Low fire resistance. In the event of a fire, the building may be destroyed.
    • Impossibility of use on large spans.

    Basic criteria for choosing an I-beam

    To choose the right I-beam, you need to decide:

    • with the material of the product - it can be carbon steel of ordinary quality, construction, bridge construction, low-alloy rolled steel or aluminum alloys.
    • with the method of its manufacture - hot-rolled or welded;
    • with the purpose of the beam - loaded or non-loaded structures.

    Next you need to determine the dimensions of the beam. To do this, use the current SNiP standards and formulas for calculating from strength of materials. You also need to know and use the expected static and dynamic loads that the object must withstand during its operation.

    The strength of the beam depends on the cross-sectional area, the length of the beam, the material, and the method of fixing the metal structure. They need to be correctly calculated and selected.

    Where can I buy?

    If you are interested in an I-beam, you can buy it here https://metallbase.com/production/balka-dvutavr . This is the website of our metal warehouse, which sells rolled products of any type. Here you will find products with heights from 100 to 691 mm. The catalog contains products with narrow, medium, normal and wide shelves. We can also offer you column and special beams. A list of available products and their characteristics are available for viewing on the website.

    If you have not yet decided on the choice of rolled metal supplier, check out the advantages of our company. They attract new clients to us every day. Our main advantages:

    1. Cooperation with leading metal plants of the Russian Federation. We do not purchase goods from dubious persons, so we can confidently say that we sell high-quality rolled metal products.
    2. Large selection of products. You will find an I-beam of any size in the catalog, therefore, you do not have to wait for its production. In addition, we have many other types of metal products, not just beams. If you are a professional builder, you know that when constructing a large project, I-beams alone will not be enough. You will have to buy fittings and other rental products. By collaborating with us, you will do this at the same time, without delaying construction work and without overpaying for delivery.
    3. Affordable prices. Since we take goods directly from metal plants, and not through intermediaries, we do not have to purchase them at a higher price. Accordingly, our clients receive rolled metal at the manufacturer’s price.
    4. Operational support. If you don't know which I-beam is suitable for your needs, ask our specialist for help. He will find you a product with optimal characteristics.
    5. Promotions and sales that allow you to save on your purchase.
    6. Useful additional services. We not only sell rolled products, but also weld and cut them.

    To order an I-beam, check the cost of the product and wait for delivery. If you indicated an address in St. Petersburg, we will deliver the goods by our own car. In other cases, the products will be sent by a transport company suitable for you.

    The photos used in the article are for illustration purposes and are not images of the company's products.

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