Technical requirements for design
In the technical specifications, according to GOST, it is listed point by point what the manufacturer should equip the FA with:
- The design of the wellhead fittings ensures complete tightness to the environment.
- Possibility of performing test pressure testing.
- The size of the components of the shaft passage must provide for the trouble-free passage of working equipment that is lowered into the well.
- The design provides for the suspension of well pipelines;
- Possibility of adjusting the choke in the Christmas tree fittings.
- Possibility of connecting additional blocks without changing the standard approved diagram.
- There is an unobstructed approach to the installed working equipment for installation and dismantling.
- The device contains fuses and locking devices. In turn, remote control of locking devices must provide for switching to manual control mode.
All these requirements are regulated and must be fulfilled.
Installation and dismantling of fountain fittings
During long-term operation of an oil well, it is sometimes necessary to install and dismantle equipment for cleaning, repair or replacement. The process includes several stages of work using third-party equipment. FA is a connection on flanges of various fasteners, crosses, and locking devices. For sealing, a steel ring with an oval cross-section made of low-carbon steel is installed between the flanges. The connections themselves are secured with bolts. Using two elevators, the tubing string is lowered to the installation site. After this, I assemble the pipes, cover them with protective lubricant and perform a control pressure test.
Important: if repairs need to be made, the structure is dismantled and sent to a special enterprise. The remaining parts are also inspected.
In the oil production industry, wellhead Christmas tree equipment is the most important technological link. In GOST 1386 you can familiarize yourself with all the requirements applicable to it. Today, such an installation makes it possible to produce a large amount of oil from a well at minimal cost.
Types of fittings
The state standard specifies 2 types of fountain fixtures:
- Tee or cross connection of branches occurs using folding lines.
- Double-row or single-row - this option is equipped with valves and taps.
Sometimes there is another classification:
- By pressure. The equipment operates at pressures ranging from 7 to 105 MPa. The deeper the well, the greater the pressure the fittings must withstand.
- The size of the trunk ranges from 50 to 150 mm, depending on the purpose. For oil and gas production with high flow rates, a barrel with a diameter of 100-150 mm is installed.
When choosing equipment, the customer always takes into account the specifics of future activities and location.
Important: cast iron parts should not be used if you intend to work in an explosive environment.
