What is a drive, thread, barrel, nipple, how do they differ?

Pipe bends are a connecting fitting made in the form of a section of pipe with threads at the ends. For ease of installation, the threads on the squeegee vary in length and size. Squeegees can be used in the construction of water pipelines, gas pipelines, heating and sewer systems. How to independently select the most optimal device for a particular situation and install it, read on.

Connection fitting for pipeline

Specifications

The squeegee looks like a piece of pipe with threads on both sides. The segment must be straight or angular. On the short side, the thread consists of 5 turns, and on the long side, it consists of 20 turns or more, up to 30. The short end of the thread is connected to the pipe of the equipment, for example, a gas boiler or battery, and the long end is connected to another pipe. A coupling of a selected size with a lock nut also “goes” along the long thread.

The bends are made of metal, often “reinforced” with a zinc coating. If you require a decent appearance of pipes, it is possible to purchase elements with nickel plating. Often two numbers are indicated on the marking of the run, for example, 75/76. This says that the outer diameter of the product is 76 millimeters and the inner diameter is 75 millimeters.

The parameters (the length of the threads, its diameter and the size of the thread in inches) must be observed in accordance with GOST and correspond to the dimensions of the installed pipeline, for example, 25 millimeters (1 inch). The maximum diameter of the drive is 50 millimeters, the minimum is 15 millimeters. If the diameter of the pipeline itself is larger, then the solution to the problem is achieved through the use of flanges.

The maximum length of the fitting is 160 millimeters (for a diameter of 50 mm), and the minimum is 110 millimeters (for a diameter of 15 mm). These indicators can again be found in GOST. However, in practice, reality often does not meet the standards, so it is better to measure everything yourself and buy parts of the required length.

There is a classification of surges depending on the scope of their application: short, long and compensating. The latter are used for plumbing fixtures, batteries and other devices in order to minimize deviations within 5 centimeters detected during installation. The length of short runs is from 10 to 15 centimeters, and long ones are about 30 centimeters. The length of the compensating slopes varies from 13 to 17 centimeters.

The long thread of the short type is from 5 to 9 centimeters, and the short thread is from 9 to 17 millimeters. In general, the dimensions of the short side are the same for all types of bends. The long side of long bends also varies from 5 to 9 centimeters. The long side of the compensating surges ranges from 7.5 to 10 centimeters.

The main advantages of using squeegees include:

• simple installation without a welding machine;
• no need to invite a specialist;
• the appearance of a special unit that simplifies disassembly in case of need for repair, cleaning or replacement.

Among the disadvantages is the likelihood of a leak due to a lack of tightness.

Types of pipe threads and areas of application of individual types

Pipe threads can be classified according to several indicators:

Certain types of pipe threads and their features

To connect pipes to a water supply system, heating system, etc., you can use the following types of threads:

• cylindrical. It is used for the construction of pipelines of various types for domestic and industrial purposes;
• canonical. Mainly used in the construction of pipelines carrying liquid or gas that are under high pressure. This thread allows for a more tight connection;
• inch.

Inch threads have hardly been used lately. For this reason, we will consider in more detail the cylindrical and canonical types of thread.

Cylindrical thread (indicated in the diagrams by the letter G) is manufactured in accordance with GOST 6357-81 and has the shape of an isosceles triangle with an angle of 55º at the apex.

Drawing of cylindrical thread in accordance with GOST

The main parameters are:

• external, internal and average thread diameters (d, d1 and d2, respectively);
• outer, inner and middle diameters of the coupling (D, D1 and D2);
• thread pitch (P);
• height of the triangle and working profile (H and H1);
• radius of curvature (R).

Straight threads are cut on pipes with diameters ranging from 1/16 inch (7.723 mm) to 6 inches (163.86 mm). The main pipe dimensions are shown in the table:

Typical cylindrical thread sizes

Additional parameters regulated by GOST are:

• accuracy class. The thread can be made with accuracy class A (more accurate) and B (less accurate);

• make-up length. Two parameter values ​​are set: N – normal length and L – long length.

Thread make-up length according to GOST

All considered parameters of cylindrical threads are indicated in the markings.

For example, G1/2-A-40. This means that the cylindrical thread (G) has the following parameters:

• diameter ½ inch;
• accuracy class A;
• make-up length L 40 mm. The normal make-up length (N) is not indicated in the markings.

Canonical thread (marked with the letter R) is manufactured according to GOST 6211-81. Main distinctive features:

• triangle apex angle 55º;
• taper 1:16.

The diameter of pipes on which tapered threads can be cut ranges from 1/6 inch to 6 inches, which corresponds to 7.723 - 163.83 mm.

The table shows all typical conical thread sizes:

Dimensions of produced conical threads on pipes

The marking of tapered threads indicates the following parameters:

• type: internal (Rc) or external (R);
• diameter (in inches).

For example, R1/2 means the male taper thread is ½ inch in diameter.

Pipe thread parameters

Additional technical parameters of pipe threads are:

• units;
• direction.

Pipe threads can be measured:

• in inches (inch thread);
• in millimeters (metric thread).

The main difference between a metric thread and an inch thread is the triangle angle observed when cutting the thread. If on an inch thread the angle is 55º, then when cutting a metric thread the angle increases to 60º.

Basic parameters of metric thread

For the construction of pipelines for domestic purposes (heating systems, water supply or gas supply, drainage, and so on), inch threads are used. Metric (more accurate) threads are mainly used in the construction of pipelines subject to vibration, as well as heavy structures.

Read also: How to remove chuck runout on a screwdriver

The direction of rotation of the profile is also essential when determining the thread. According to this indicator, pipe threads are divided into the following types:

Left-hand threads are applied exclusively to pipes, provided that the main load acting on the connection is directed in the direction of unscrewing the connecting element. In other situations, a right-hand thread is used.

Dimensions of bends according to GOST

The diameter of the steel pipes exactly matches the dimensions of the pipeline being installed. The weight of steel bends depends on their length. The sizes are standardized and shown in the table below.

At the customer's request, the bends can be manufactured with a nominal bore of 65 and 80 mm.

Types of pipes for production

Pipes used in water supply systems, heating systems, and gas pipelines are called water-gas pipelines (WGP). The use of VGP steel pipes with different wall thicknesses is determined by operating conditions. The following types of products are distinguished:

The weight of the products depends on the type of pipe used. For production, steel pipes GOST 3262-2010 are used.

Correct installation of the American

American plumbing is installed using adjustable, open-end and universal wrenches. Also, sometimes you may need a special round key, which American women use to tighten them from the inside. The use of gas keys is prohibited. Excessive force applied to the handles of the gas wrench can deform the union nut.

Let's look at how to install an American pipe onto a pipe.

An American with internal thread is installed on two sections of the existing pipeline. If there is no thread on the pipe, then it is cut using a die. A sealant is wound onto the threads of one section. This can be FUM tape, flax fibers or other materials. After this, one part of the American is screwed onto the pipe using a wrench. Then a sealant is applied to the second threaded section, after which the second American fitting with a nut is screwed onto it. After which the two sections of the pipeline are connected to each other by tightening the union nut of the fitting.

Installation of an American with external thread is carried out almost the same way. The difference is that the seal is screwed onto the American thread itself.

As you can see, the use of American-type connecting elements can significantly speed up and simplify the process of installation and possible dismantling of pipelines and other plumbing fixtures.

Existing thread cutting methods

Threading a pipe is done using several methods:

1. taps (for internal threads) and dies (for external threads). This method of application is most often used when independently constructing a household pipeline;

Using a Pipe Thread Die

How to cut threads on a pipe yourself, watch the video.

1. knurling. This method is used for threading water and gas pipes with a diameter from 10 mm to 65 mm. The resulting thread is highly accurate;

Threading by rolling method

1. cutters on special machines. This technique allows you to apply threads to pipes of any diameter. The carving is quite accurate.

Technique for cutting threads on a lathe

These pipe cutting methods can be used in the construction of water supply, gas, heating and sewer systems for both domestic and industrial purposes.

When installing pipelines of various functionality, auxiliary parts are used for joining, branching and flow regulation. Among the list of these elements, fittings play an important role. These also include pipe bends. These blanks are well known to plumbing professionals due to their ease of use. But, like other parts, they have their own technical characteristics and conditions of use.

A squeegee is a connecting part used in the installation of pipelines

Features of the American fitting

The American for plumbing is a collapsible design, a combined coupling of two threaded fittings and a union nut.

It can be flat and when used, the tightness of the connection is ensured by the gasket. The product is compact and affordable. During operation, it may be necessary to tighten the nut and replace a worn-out gasket, so it is not advisable to make such a connection hidden.

There is another version of the element - American cone. In this case, a gasket is not needed, since the polished parts of the cone-shaped fittings fit together as closely as possible during the process of tightening the nut.

The deviation along the axis of the pipes being laid should not exceed 5 degrees. They must be carefully checked for hidden defects. When creating critical connections that will operate under conditions of temperature differences in devices such as, for example, a water heater, you should use the cone version.

Thanks to the American, they are switching to a pipe that has a different diameter or is made of a different material. With its help you can make an angular type of connection.

The ease of use of this part has led to a number of plumbing manufacturing companies using it as a mounting product for metering devices, branded faucets, filters and other products.

To make an American fitting, you can use the following materials:

• cast iron;
• stainless steel;
• brass with nickel or chrome plated;
• metal-plastic.

In the latter case, a combination of polypropylene and stainless steel is used - such products are used when installing plastic risers.

Depending on the presence of external or internal threads, the following types of American threads are distinguished:

• coupling coupling;
• thread coupling;
• thread-thread.

American-type connections are produced for all popular sizes of pipe products. The most popular parameters are 1/2 and 3/4 inches.

Any sizes to order

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The nomenclature list is very extensive. First of all, the sizes available to the consumer are 1 inch, 1/2, 3/4
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Type

Installation of squeegees

Connection with plastic pipes

Connecting plumbing components using plumbing fittings is considered simple: installing the element does not require special skills or practice.

Elements for water are fundamentally different in that the threads in them are located on the outside, and they must be covered with an anti-corrosion layer. This type of connection is considered detachable: it will be appropriate in the event that in the future there may be a need to disassemble part of the pipeline.

The drive, coupling and locknut assembly must be connected tightly and efficiently so that leaks do not occur in the future and tightness is ensured.

Installation of connecting elements for pipes and general assembly of the water supply system is carried out in several stages:

1. A coupling is screwed onto one of the edges of the pipe.
2. A drive is attached to the coupling. You need to screw in the part to the maximum. The side with the shorter thread should be used.
3. A locknut is screwed to the opposite side. A connecting fitting is fixed to it, which is usually used in places where the diameter of the pipes is different, or where the pipe branches.
4. The end of the drive is adjusted to the pipe, after which the coupling is screwed together, which should go onto the pipe.
5. At the end of the work, the locknut is tightened to the coupling so that they are separated from each other at a distance not exceeding three centimeters. To secure, fill this free space with a sealant, for example, plumbing tow with grease or paste.

If you need to dismantle the installed section of the pipe, you should first unscrew the nut, then the coupling, and finally remove the bend.

Connection device with squeegee

Connecting a pipeline using a product involves using a coupling (one or two) and a lock nut in the design. The end at which the short-length thread is screwed into a faucet or other device. Then the locknut and coupling are screwed onto it. Then the coupling is screwed onto the pipeline; the nut prevents the coupling from unscrewing. The price of such a kit depends on the material.

The cheapest are cast iron and steel products. They have a certificate of conformity, like imported products.

To seal joints, the following are used: for threads - flax, sealant, fum tape, on the outside - varnish or paint with a short drying time. Reversing the thread causes leakage at the joint with a high probability. To hold the valve in the desired position, use two keys.

The problem area in the design is considered to be loose threads. The wall on the pipe remains thin and quickly corrodes. It needs to be galvanized. In order to galvanize, a special composition is applied, from which zinc is deposited on the surface of the metal. After which the steel becomes protected.

Recommendations for use

To extend the service life of any pipeline part, it must be painted regularly. This reduces the likelihood of rust on the metal pipe. However, if it becomes necessary to disassemble the painted area, the paint layer must first be removed from the squeegees. This can be done using an ordinary knife or a blowtorch.

If rust still appears even with an anti-corrosion coating, this problem can be most easily solved by replacing the hose made of stainless material. Brass elements last a long time and do not rust.

Another common problem is the locknut leaking. This situation occurs regardless of how correctly the parts were selected. The reason for this is most often simple: the seal has become unusable.

Linen thread winding tends to burn out or rot. In this case, the old seal should be replaced. It is advisable to treat new linen thread with a special quick-drying varnish before winding. This coating will create a protective layer that prevents overheating or getting wet.

If the pipe bend is selected the right size and is made of high-quality material suitable for a specific pipeline and operating conditions, it will last a long time and will not cause problems during use. By choosing the best option, you can save yourself from possible problems.

To put it briefly, what a squeegee is is a small piece of pipe with threads cut at both ends. The threads are cut to different lengths for ease of disassembly during operation, if necessary.

The length of the thread on the product depends on the diameter. The smaller the diameter of the product, the greater the coefficient that determines the length. The minimum values ​​are as follows: short thread of at least 5 threads, long thread of at least 20 threads.

All products are GOST certified and the definition is as follows. A squeegee is a connecting part with a cylindrical thread intended for pipelines. Regulatory document number – 8969-2010. installed on water supply systems, heating systems, gas pipelines and others that operate with non-aggressive media, such as water, steam, gas, at temperatures up to 175°C and pressure not exceeding 1.6 MPa.

Steel products can be classified as follows:

Standardization of cuts

The production of these parts is regulated by several standards.

1. Connecting parts for water pipes are produced in accordance with the DIN 16961 standard.
2. Squeegees are produced in accordance with GOST 8969-75 from metal pipes intended for water and gas pipelines (other non-aggressive media) in accordance with GOST 3262-75.
3. The diameter and wall thickness of pipes vary, so connecting parts with different parameters and type of connection, black and galvanized, are produced for them.
4. Connecting pipes without welding is permissible where the pressure is low (gas, water, steam up to 1.6 MPa) and the temperature is not higher than 175°C.

Read also: DIY refrigeration compressor pump

The threaded connection can only be used when installing a system with low pressure

Plumbers also call it a long thread on the connection to plumbing fixtures. Conditional division of standard runs:

Compensating fittings equipped with long threads are used for connections to plumbing fixtures, heating radiators and other products to minimize deviations. You can replace them with non-standard sections of 170 mm and 190 mm and pipes of 170 mm and 130 mm. It is acceptable to compensate for deviations within 50 mm, which are detected during the installation of plumbing and heating equipment.

Note! Stainless steel parts last 3 times longer than carbon steel parts, and twice as long as galvanized parts. The higher cost of stainless steel blanks is more than compensated by their long service life. On sale you can also find blanks made of cast iron, brass and copper, which are more resistant to the influence of aggressive environments.

The most popular standard sizes (conventional diameter), accepted here and abroad:

• DN15 (1/2 inch);
• DN 20 (3/4 in.);
• DN 25 (1 inch);
• DN 32 (1 and 1/4 in.);
• DN 40 (1 1/2 in.);
• DN 50 (2-inch squeegee).

Squeegees come in different diameters and differ in purpose

For more precise parameters, you need to refer to the standardization table according to GOST 8969-75, which indicates the weight of the workpieces and the form of delivery. This will help optimize transportation costs.

A steel bend on a short section of thread has 5-6 cutting turns (7-17 mm), on a long thread - about 20 (up to 85 mm). Compensating blanks may have increased parameters. The carving is made using a lathe or industrial equipment.

Application benefits

The main positive aspects from using squeegees are:

• A design made in this way allows the joining of pipeline components to be carried out quite simply and at the same time very reliably.
• The contact of the parts is dismountable, and this greatly simplifies the process of cleaning pipes and repair work to replace the failed section.
• For installation there is no need to use special equipment or invite specialists. The whole process can be done with your own hands (read about the rules for the technical operation of water supply and sanitation systems here). The main thing is to follow the installation recommendations and the sequence of your actions.

As for the shortcomings, I would like to say the following:

If the locknut is handled improperly, a leak may occur.

But this is not a “minus” of the product itself, but most likely of the installation.

Therefore, a flaw of this kind is a consequence of inept handling of mechanisms.

When choosing products, you need to understand the designations.

Previously, manufacturers applied markings in inches.

At the moment, the metric system is increasingly used.

When choosing, you need to pay attention to the price of the products. This parameter will directly affect the cost of the work as a whole.

If desired, you can purchase devices complete with other elements (couplings, nuts).

Methods for connecting pipelines to the outlet

Plumbing fittings differ from other pipe blanks in that they have threads applied on the outside. This is very convenient in operation, for example, when installing a ball valve with a squeegee. However, in large-diameter pipelines, installation on flanges is preferable, especially when it is necessary to make a collapsible joint. On the run-out, tow is wound between the coupling and the nut to finally secure the joint.

The standard connection method when installing a valve or ball valve involves the use of a spigot with a coupling and lock nut and a short thread on the other side for connection to the pipe. As a sealant, use plumbing tow, lubricated with grease, or a special paste. The prepared base is aligned at the ends by turning the coupling.

Sometimes it is necessary to dismantle part of the pipeline to remove rust and other blockages from the system. Then the steel pipes with the coupling and locknut are disassembled and the problem is eliminated. It is better to replace a worn-out part with a new one, without waiting for leaks and other complications. The block is removed with a lever wrench.

In open sections of the pipeline in an apartment or private house, for aesthetics, it is recommended to use a product with anti-corrosion protection. That is, not an ordinary plumbing fitting, but a nickel-plated one

To ensure tightness, it is important that the workpieces and pipes align exactly along the same axis

Characteristics of the coupling-drive for the pipeline

A plumbing fitting is a connecting piece for joining pipes when installing communications, preventing leaks. The integrity and reliability of the entire system, as well as the ease of connecting individual nodes, largely depends on it. Today, several types of joining pipes and eliminating depressurization have been developed, including steel bending. Main types of metal pipe connections:

1. With welding.
2. No welding (via threaded connections).

Connection of pipes and ball valves without the use of a welding machine is carried out using various:

• adapters;
• threaded couplings;
• rotating parts;
• adapters;
• flanges;
• pipes;
• bends;
• barrels;
• fittings;
• drives.

When properly connected with the help of well-chosen connecting elements, the pipeline is ensured tightness and durable operation without leaks. Externally, the bend is an ordinary part with a threaded connection, reminiscent of other pipe blanks. The fundamental difference is a small section of thread on one end and a wide one on the other side. It is used to make various connections, for example, with a coupling and a lock nut on a long thread. On the short one you can put a plug or extend the pipeline.

The squeegee can have a threaded connection or be mounted by welding

The main advantage of these metal blanks is assembly without welding for fixed pipelines. These parts are indispensable where pipes cannot be rotated. Recently, as an alternative to drives, an “American” or universal threaded connection has been used. But both methods can be used in different sections of the pipeline.

Squeegees often help to replace ball valves without welding. To do this, a threaded blank is attached to one end of the tap, and a coupling with a lock nut is attached to the other. When twisted, the seal is wound.

Attention! It is not advisable to use a large number of threaded connections, especially in sections of the pipeline with high pressure, as this increases the likelihood of leaks.

What it is?

Let's find out what American plumbing is and on what principle it works.

An American is a connecting element designed for quick and convenient joining of pipelines made of various materials with internal or external threads. The product structurally consists of the following components:

• quick release threaded hex nut;
• 2 fittings, also threaded;
• rubber, polyurethane or paronite gasket (in some models, in particular conical ones, this may not be present).

Essentially, this is a coupling that has a collar and a union nut that rests against this collar. The American coupling pipe connection allows you to connect two sections of pipeline by rotating just one nut. The connection can be disassembled in the same way.

The photo shows the components of the American

Connectors are made from stainless steel, brass alloys, cast iron, combinations of stainless steel and polypropylene. The products are able to withstand working environment temperatures up to +120 degrees. The permissible pressure is usually indicated on the product body.

The outer surface of the American steel has a decorative nickel coating, which protects the product from corrosion and mechanical damage, and also provides aesthetic appeal. If you use too rough tools to work with American steel, scratches may appear on the surface of the product.

teplomex.ru

When planning and installing a water supply or heating system, installing radiators in private houses or apartments, many of us have probably heard all sorts of terms that are understandable only to plumbers.

For example, pipe bends, assembled pipes, coupling or barrel, fitting or thread, ball valve with American, etc. Let's try to figure out what it is.

Threads and threaded connections

Divided by:

- type - diameter (size) - direction

Types of threaded connections

Everything is simple here. Threads can be pipe or metric. They differ in thread pitch. When installing plumbing and heating systems, pipe threads are mainly used. The connecting pipes of water heaters, boilers, filters, meters and pumps usually have pipe threads.

Metric is found much less frequently, for example, on pressure gauges or gearboxes. Also, the thread can be internal or external. In the language of plumbers, the internal thread is often called a nut, and the external thread is called a fitting.

Diameter of threaded connections

Each device or pipe may have its own thread diameter. The unit of measurement is inch or millimeter. It is important to remember that the diameter of all threaded connections made of metal is usually measured internally.

The diameter of polypropylene pipes and fittings is measured from the outside. For example, if the diameter of a plastic polypropylene pipe is 20 mm, then this is analogous to a metal pipe with a diameter of 15 mm, if 25 mm, then it is 20 mm (3/4), respectively. Fittings made of polypropylene are the same.

Because of this, inexperienced installers and plumbers sometimes get confused. You can take measurements using special measuring tools: a caliper or a ruler. You can determine the diameter simply “by eye,” but this comes with experience.

The photo below shows a table of the main diameters used in plumbing.

Diameter table
Thread direction
Threaded connections with right-hand threads are screwed in or screwed in clockwise, left-hand threads are screwed in counterclockwise. Simply put, if the thread spiral rises to the right, then the thread is right-handed.

When installing water supply systems, as a rule, threaded connections with right-hand pipe threads are used. The left one is used less frequently, but is almost always found when connecting pipes to heating radiators. Heating radiators, as a rule, have left-hand threads on the left side and right-hand threads on the right side.

In order to switch to the right-hand thread and the pipe that we need to connect, we need to purchase a special installation kit for radiators, which includes 4 fittings (two with left-hand threads, and two with right-hand threads), gaskets, a plug and an air bleed valve - tap Mayevsky. Some kits come with wall fasteners.

Futorka what is it

A fitting is an adapter that has internal and external threads, in which the diameter of the external thread is always larger than the internal one. For example, the plumbing term - 1/2 by 3/4 fitting means that the diameter of its internal thread is 1/2 inch, and the external thread is 3/4. The material from which the futor is made is brass or nickel-plated brass. In the case of radiator footings - aluminum or cast iron.

An adapter with a flange is the same as a fitting, only the diameter of the internal thread is always larger than the external one.

A coupling is a pipe threaded adapter that has only internal threads. It can be made of brass, steel or cast iron. The thread diameter at the ends may be equal or different.

A barrel or nipple is a pipe threaded adapter that has only male threads at both ends. The barrel material is usually nickel-plated brass or steel. Thread diameter: everything here is the same as with the coupling.

Pipe benders are the same barrel, only having one end with a long thread and the other with a short thread, just like a barrel. The standard length of the pipe run is 110 mm. Less common with longer lengths. The material can be either steel or brass. The diameter at the ends is equal.

In the photo (from left to right): a sleeve, a barrel, a coupling, a squeegee, an adapter with a flange, a lock nut.

The assembled squeegee is a threaded detachable connection consisting of the squeegee itself, a coupling screwed onto it and a tightening locknut. Used as a detachable element of a pipeline.

An American ball valve is a valve that opens and closes the flow of water using a steel ball built into it. The American one is a union nut with a fitting; by unscrewing this nut, the valve is disassembled in half.

Often used when connecting heating radiators. By turning off the taps and unscrewing the union nuts, you can easily dismantle the battery, for example, if there is a leak or moving the radiator to another place in the room. It is practical for shutting off water in the pipeline, but not very convenient for adjusting the temperature of the heating system; for this purpose it is better to install a valve with smooth adjustment.

So, in this article we told you about the main elements of the pipeline and types of connections. The article is informative in nature, and it is better to entrust the installation of the pipeline and connection of heating and water supply devices to professionals. Let's watch the video.

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Advantages and disadvantages of connecting pipes on pipes

The main advantages of connecting a fixed pipeline with a thread:

• During installation it is easy to do without special equipment (welding machine):
• no qualifications as a welder or extensive experience in pipeline installation are required;
• It is enough to follow the technology and recommendations for joining pipe blanks;
• without welding, reliable joining of pipes is obtained;
• After work, a collapsible block remains, which simplifies the future repair of this section of the pipeline.

Among the disadvantages, experts note the likelihood of a leak if the connection is not sealed using a lock nut.

When choosing a part, its length is of significant importance

Types of surges

• Nickel plated.
  Thanks to the galvanic coating with a layer of nickel, they have an attractive appearance and for this reason they are used for the installation of heating pipes, water supply and gas pipelines. Such fittings are much more expensive than their analogues.
• Galvanized.
  Designed for mating pipes in systems operating in non-aggressive environments. Galvanized pipes, complete with coupling and locknut, are used not only when laying pipelines and installing heating systems, but also when installing valves, drain valves, metering and control devices.
• Steel. They are made from:
• ordinary,

galvanized,

• stainless steel (about high-quality water heated towel rails is written on this page).

The rods are galvanized for one purpose - to increase the resistance of the part to the rusting process. And this helps to extend the service life of the threaded connection.

These devices are used on pipelines that are laid in the ground and where the working medium is steam, water and gas.

To protect parts from corrosion, they are coated with a special compound. In addition to steel, copper, cast iron and bronze can be used as materials.

The material and design of the product can affect the chemical composition and temperature of the operating environment.

By using moldings from various variable materials, it is possible to achieve predetermined properties (for example, rust resistance).

For example, copper parts practically do not respond to changes in temperature and exposure to ultraviolet rays.

Stainless steel connectors last the longest, three times longer than carbon steel parts and twice as long as galvanized steel ones.

GOST drives:

• product length - 110, 130, 150 mm,
• internal diameter – 15, 32, 50 mm,
• distance of the long section with grooves - 40, 55, 65 mm,
• the distance of the short threaded section is 9, 13, 17 mm.

In addition to the above dimensions, there may also be intermediate parameters.

Remember! Connecting parts must be selected only in strict accordance with the diameter of the pipes.

Conventionally, all surges can be divided into the following types:

• Short
• Long.
• Compensating.

Compensating bends with long grooves are used when connecting pipes to plumbing fixtures or heating radiators (which radiators are best for an apartment) in order to eliminate deviations in the length of the liner, which may have been allowed during production.

How to choose a squeegee

When choosing a drive, you need to consider:

• type of connecting fitting;
• fitting material;
• technical specifications.

Types of surges

Surges can be classified according to the following criteria:

1. Depending on the design, they are distinguished:

• direct drive, intended for installation on a flat section of the highway (figure above);
• corner bend, intended for areas where it is necessary to change the direction of the pipeline system;

Fitting for changing the direction of the line

Straight and angular bends differ solely in appearance and purpose. All other parameters are completely identical.

1. depending on the scope of application there are:

• compensating surges. In most cases, such devices are installed in places where plumbing or gas equipment and heating radiators are connected, as they allow compensation for pipe deviations within 5 cm;
• short and long runs used to connect other equipment of the pipeline system.

Types of pipe runs

Many people, especially novice plumbers, consider fittings such as barrels and threads to be types of fittings. However, this statement is wrong.

A barrel is a piece of pipe with threads at the ends. Unlike a bend, threads of the same length and size are applied to the pipe on both sides. This device is intended for connecting pipes without welding.

Fitting for connecting pipes to each other

A thread is a fitting made from a section of pipe with a thread on one end. The device is used to connect other types of threaded fittings to a water supply, gas or heating system.

Device for installing threaded fittings

Selection of manufacturing materials

For the manufacture of squeegees, the following materials are used:

• carbon steel. Steel fittings are characterized by low cost and a large margin of safety. However, due to their strong susceptibility to corrosion, their installation is carried out mainly on gas supply systems;
• Cink Steel. Such fittings are not subject to the formation of a corrosive coating, therefore they can be used in water supply systems, including drinking water supply and heating, as well as on other pipelines in places subject to possible exposure to precipitation;
• stainless steel. Unlike galvanized stainless steel fittings, they are more expensive and are primarily intended for drinking water supply systems, as well as for connecting pipes in the ground;
• brass. Currently, due to its high cost, it is practically not used.

Brass squeegee for pipelines

Determination of technical parameters

Metal bends are manufactured in accordance with GOST 8969-2010. When selecting parameters, you should consider:

• type of thread. The bends can be with left-hand thread or right-hand thread, with internal thread or with external thread. The selection of this parameter is carried out based on the data of the equipment that needs to be connected using a fitting;
• nominal diameter of the fitting in accordance with the diameter of the pipeline;
• the size of the thread applied to the fitting.

Standard dimensions of metal pipes in accordance with GOST

All technical parameters are indicated in the fitting marking, which is applied in accordance with GOST 8969-75. For example, Sgon40-Ts GOST 8969-75 indicates that the fitting is made of galvanized steel (Ts) in accordance with technical regulations and has a nominal bore of 40 mm.

Is it possible to make a squeegee yourself and how to do it?

When installing a pipeline with your own hands, sometimes a situation arises when you need to select the required length of pipes - factory products, according to standards, cover only a narrow range of sizes and diameters. In this case, a self-made pipe is used, and the clamping locknut and coupling of the required diameter are taken from another workpiece. For manufacturing, you need to use a piece of gas pipe of suitable length; to carry out the work, you will need a die with a holder or clamp, oil, a vice for clamping the workpiece, a hacksaw for metal or a grinder for cutting the pipe.

Rice. 7 Example of installation of a squeegee on a FUM tape for installing a gas meter

The work is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Cut a piece of the required length from the pipe, clamp the part in a vice, protect the outer ends on both sides with sandpaper, a grinder or a file.
2. Lubricate the pipe surface on the side of the short thread, insert a die into the holder or die and press it tightly against the end, trying to maintain a strictly perpendicular position relative to the axis of the workpiece.
3. They begin to screw the die into the pipe, applying maximum force; after several turns and the teeth of the die grab the thread, no clamping force is required.
4. Cutting is carried out in the forward and reverse directions, periodically removing the tool and cleaning it from chips with a clean rag along with the pipe surface.
5. After passing 5 - 6 turns on the short side, the part is turned over and they begin cutting a long thread of 20 turns on the other end.

Rice. 8 The procedure for making a squeegee with your own hands

Squeegee is one of the most common options for connecting steel pipelines to plumbing and gas fittings and equipment. When installed correctly, the coupling provides a reliable, durable and tight connection; if necessary, it is easy to make a fitting of a suitable length with your own hands.

How to install the flow into the system

Steel connecting couplings for installation and installation of water pipelines installed after valves are installed in compliance with the following rules:

• Fittings must have a clearance length between pipes of no more than 5 mm. taking into account the recess of the side with a short thread into the connected equipment or fittings.
• On the side with a thread of at least 20 threads in length, a steel lock nut and a coupling are screwed in succession.
• Flax fiber or thread is wound along the thread
• When installing, flax fiber is wound on the short side, lubricated with a special paste, and the drive pipe is screwed into the outlet pipe of the valve manually, and then pressed with a gas wrench. For convenience, use a second key to hold the valve body with it to avoid turning on the pipeline.

Rice. 5 Steel connecting parts according to GOST 8965-75

• Screw the connecting parts onto the long side: the locknut until it stops and the coupling; flax is wound onto the connected pipe along the thread.
• Drive the long coupling down and screw it onto the pipe, pressing it with a gas wrench.
• Wind flax fiber from the other end of the coupling, coat it with paste and tighten the locknut.

Self-production of the squeegee

If necessary, you can make a squeegee of the required size yourself. To complete the work you will need:

• metal steel pipe - a pipe cut of the appropriate length;
• carpenter's vice to make work easier;
• equipment for thread cutting: a die with a die holder for external threads or a tap for applying internal threads;
• file (intended for chamfering);
• grinder (metal hacksaw) for cutting, if you need to cut off a part of the pipe to prepare a pipe;
• lubricant

The work is performed in the following order:

1. using a grinder or a hacksaw, the workpiece is cut to the appropriate length;

Cutting a pipe with a grinder to make a bend

In accordance with the recommendations of experts, the length of the run should be 3 - 5 mm longer than the pipe break.

1. the ends of the prepared cut are chamfered;
2. the edges are treated with lubricant to facilitate thread cutting;
3. the squeegee is clamped with a vice;
4. The thread is cut using the selected equipment. The short part of the thread must be at least 5 threads, and the long part - 20 threads. If necessary, the long part can be increased to 30 threads.

Thread cutting on the bend

When making your own squeegee, you must not forget about the personal protective equipment of the master. It is recommended to use gloves and a face mask when cutting pipes.

Types of pipe blanks

Installation of steel pipelines is quite labor-intensive and can require considerable time. The work is significantly speeded up by the use of special elements of the pipe blank, with the help of which threaded connections of pipes are made. Also, the blank elements make it possible to simplify the laying of pipelines if it is necessary to shift the axis.

Main elements of a pipe blank:

• Sgon.
  It is a small piece of pipe with a thread on one end and a short thread on the other end. It is used to connect fixed sections of pipelines to each other.
• Barrel.
  Just like a squeegee, this is a small piece of pipe with external threads cut at the ends. The difference from the drive is that the threads at both ends are of equal length.
• Welded thread.
  It is a short piece of pipe, at one end of which a short thread is cut, and the other end is prepared for a welded joint with the pipe. This element is welded to a steel pipe, which makes it possible to thread it to other sections of the pipeline.
• Pipe sections.
  Prepared sections of a fixed length (usually 1 meter), the ends of which are threaded. Used for quick installation of short sections of pipelines, such as branches.
• Staples and indentations.
  Curvilinear pipe sections with threads cut at the ends. They are used when it is necessary to go around obstacles or when the axes of the pipes being connected do not coincide.

All types of pipe blanks can be made of steel without a protective coating. It is also possible to use galvanized steel workpiece elements, which provides increased resistance to corrosion.

Pipeline parts, clamps and fasteners from Santekhkomplekt

sells all types of pipe blank elements in Moscow.

The offered parts are supplied from leading metallurgical enterprises. High-quality steel was used for manufacturing, which fully meets all the requirements of regulatory documentation.

The use of these products can significantly simplify and speed up the installation of metal pipelines. At the same time, our company’s favorable prices make it possible to reduce financial installation costs.

For high-quality connection of individual parts of the pipeline, components such as a steel barrel

. Connecting fittings are used in the construction of various pipeline systems.

We offer to buy high-quality components inexpensively in Moscow or to make a steel barrel

according to customer sizes.