Steel 12Х18Н10Т (Х18Н10Т) corrosion-resistant chromium-nickel steel of austenitic class
Substitutes: Steel 08Х17Т, Steel 08Х18Т1, Steel 15Х25Т, Steel 10Х14Г14Н4Т, Steel 08Х18Н10, Steel 12Х18Н9Т, Steel 08Х18Н10Т, Steel 08Х18Г8Н2Т, Steel 08Х22Н6Т, Steel 12Х17Г9AN 4, Steel 08Х18Н10ГТ, Steel 12Х18Н10ГТ, Steel 08Х18Н12Б, Steel 03Х23Н6, Steel 03Х17АН9
Steel 12 X 18N10T is used in the food, oil, chemical industries, mechanical engineering, fuel and energy complex and other industries. It is used for the manufacture of stainless steel containers designed to operate under high pressure, the production of welded equipment and parts intended for contact with oxidizing environments, solvents, and acids of moderate concentration. It is also often used in cryogenic technology, heat exchange, and capacitive equipment.
One of the varieties of products made from steel 12 X 18N10T is wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm. It has excellent anti-corrosion properties and is often used as a raw material for the production of various structures and parts operating in difficult operating conditions. On its basis, woven meshes and filters are created for purifying water, as well as various aggressive environments with temperatures up to 790 o C.
The main area of application for 0.3 mm wire is welding structures made of alloy 12 X 18N10T and other stainless steels in cases where the use of conventional carbon steel electrodes is impossible. In addition, it is well suited for the production of moving parts of machines and mechanisms, which during operation are subject to high mechanical, thermal loads or exposure to aggressive substances.
According to the manufacturing method, 0.3 mm wire can be cold-drawn or heat-treated, according to the degree of accuracy - normal or increased accuracy, and according to ductility - classes 1, 2, 2A, 3. At all stages of production, from the preparation of raw materials to the shipment of finished products, careful quality control is carried out. Thanks to this, the material exactly complies with state standards both in terms of chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties.
Heat treatment of stainless steel is a special thermal effect on a metal base with the aim of subsequently changing certain properties or structure of the metal.
General characteristics of steel 12x18n10t
When considering 12x18n10t (GOST defines all standards), it should be taken into account that the high concentration of the main alloying elements determines the special properties of the metal. Most of the brand contains chromium and nickel.
Download GOST 5632-72
Technical features of stainless steel 12x18n10t can be characterized as follows:
- The density indicator is 7920 kg/m3.
- Hardening is carried out at temperatures of about 1100 degrees Celsius. Special equipment is required to heat the medium to this temperature.
- An analogue of steel 12x18n10t should have a hardness index of 179 MPa.
- An important parameter is the degree of weldability. Stainless steel grade 12x18n10t has no restrictions on weldability; various methods can be used. After welding, it is recommended to carry out heat treatment, which increases the strength and reliability of the connection.
- The application temperature is 650 degrees Celsius. High temperatures can lead to increased ductility and reduced protection from chemical attack.
- It is possible to process the material by cutting in a hardened state. That is why the workpiece is used for cutting when using turning or milling equipment.
Cold-worked blanks are also available for sale, which can be used to produce a wide variety of products.
An analogue of aisi is produced by many foreign manufacturers. In this case, labeling is carried out in accordance with the rules established in the country.
Annealing, hardening and heat treatment of stainless steel
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Relevance
Stainless steel is usually heat treated to relieve stress, strengthen it, or increase ductility. Heat treatment is carried out under controlled conditions to avoid carburization and decarburization.
Annealing
Annealing is used to recrystallize the structure of austenitic stainless steels and stimulate the formation of chromium carbides. In addition, this treatment eliminates stresses generated during previous processing and homogenizes welds. Temperatures for short-term annealing of stainless steels are above 1040 °C to prevent grain growth in the structure. The controlled annealing temperature of some alloys may be lower based on grain size.
Stabilizing annealing
It is usually carried out after normal annealing. Stabilization consists of the precipitation of carbon in the form of carbides (usually niobium and titanium) in the temperature range from 870 to 900°C) for 2-4 hours, followed by rapid cooling. All ferritic and martensitic stainless steels can be annealed in the ferrite formation temperature range, or by heating above the critical temperature in the austenite range.
Subcritical annealing
Subcritical annealing temperature from 760 to 830 °C. The soft structure of spheroidized and ferrite carbides can be obtained by cooling the material (to 25°C) for an hour, or by holding the material for an hour at a subcritical annealing temperature. Annealed cold worked parts can be annealed at subcritical temperatures.
Recrystallization annealing
Ferritic steel grades across the entire operating temperature range require short recrystallization annealing (temperatures from 760 to 955°C). The supplier Avec Global offers to buy stainless steel of domestic and foreign production at an affordable price in a wide range. We will ensure delivery of products to any point on the continent. The price is optimal.
Heat treatment in controlled atmosphere
Controlled annealing conditions reduce shape distortion. This treatment can be carried out in a salt bath, but annealing carried out in a reducing environment is generally preferred.
Hardening
Like low-alloy steels, martensitic stainless steels are hardened with simultaneous austenitization. The austenitization temperature ranges from 980 to 1010 °C. At an austenitization temperature of 980 °C, the hardness first increases and then decreases. The process is also carried out to eliminate possible corrosion cracking of steel.
Vacation
Martensitic stainless steels have a high alloy content and therefore high hardenability. Full hardness can be achieved by air cooling at the austenitizing temperature, but oil quenching may be necessary to harden large areas. Hardened components must be tempered immediately after cooling in air. In some cases, components are cooled at -75°C before processing. Martensitic steels are hardened at temperatures above 510°C and then rapidly cooled at temperatures below 400°C to avoid embrittlement.
Buy. Supplier, price
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Chemical composition and structure of the alloy
The material in question, 12x18n10t, belongs to the class of structural cryogenics. The structure can be characterized by high resistance to aggressive environments. The chemical composition of steel 12x18n10t is represented by a combination of the following elements:
- Almost any metal in its composition has a high concentration of iron. The second most important chemical element is carbon, which has a concentration of 0.12%.
- The second most concentrated element is chromium. Its concentration ranges from 17% to 19%.
- The composition included a high concentration of nickel: from 9% to 11%.
- Recently, titanium has been included in the composition of modern alloys, the concentration of which is about 0.8%.
Chemical composition of steel 12x18n10t
The remaining chemical substances have concentrations within the normal range in accordance with GOST. It is practically impossible to avoid the presence of harmful impurities in the composition, but it is possible to maintain a low concentration: phosphorus about 0.035% and sulfur no more than 0.02%.
Interchangeability of stainless steels
Characteristics of steel 12x18n10t
parts operating up to 600 °C.
Welding apparatus and vessels operating in dilute solutions of nitric, acetic, phosphoric acids, solutions of alkalis and salts and other parts operating under pressure at temperatures from -196 to +600 °C, and in the presence of aggressive media up to +350 °C; Austenitic steel Weldable without restrictions
Start 1200, end 850. Sections up to 350 mm are cooled in air.
Silicon:0.8, Manganese:2.0, Copper:0.30, Nickel:9.0-11.0, Sulfur:0.020, Carbon:0.12, Phosphorus:0.035, Chromium:17.0-19.0, Titanium:0.6-0.8,
Mechanical characteristics of steel 12Х18Н10Т
Quenching 1050 - 1080 C, Cooling water
Alloying elements of steel 12x18n10t
The main alloying elements are chromium and nickel. They have the following effects:
- Almost all common stainless steels are obtained by including chromium in the composition, which determines corrosion resistance. In addition, the structure's ability to passivate increases.
- Nickel is added to the composition in order to improve the performance of the structure. An example is that the brand in question rolls well in cold and hot conditions.
Other alloying elements only slightly change the performance characteristics of the metal in question. An example is ferritic properties, as well as intercrystalline corrosion resistance associated with high titanium concentrations.
Physical properties
When choosing a metal, you should pay attention to its physical properties. They largely determine the scope of application and its main performance qualities. In the case under consideration, the density of stainless steel is 7920 kg/m3. The fairly high density of 12x18n10t determines that the manufactured parts are durable.
Other physical properties include the following:
- The melting point of stainless steel is more than 1000 degrees Celsius. It is almost impossible to carry out such processing in a home workshop.
- Corrosion resistance is the main reason for the demand for common stainless steels. It can be used if operating conditions include exposure to high humidity and chemical environments.
- Low magnetic properties make it possible to use it in the manufacture of various products. They are achieved by adding titanium.
The coefficient of linear expansion and the coefficient of thermal conductivity determine the possibility of using the material in the manufacture of products that can be used when exposed to high temperatures.
The specific gravity of stainless steel largely depends on the chemical composition and the processing method used.
A2, A4 - Characteristics of fasteners made of stainless steels
Stainless steels A2, A4: structure, mechanical properties, chemical composition. Fasteners made of A2, A4 steel (stainless bolts, screws, nuts, washers, studs, etc.): mechanical properties, values of tightening torques and pre-tightening forces.
Austenitic steels contain 15-26% chromium and 5-25% nickel, which increase corrosion resistance and are virtually non-magnetic.
It is austenitic chromium-nickel steels that exhibit a particularly good combination of machinability, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. This group of steels is most widely used in industry and in the production of fasteners.
Steels of the austenitic group are designated by the initial letter “A” with an additional number, which indicates the chemical composition and applicability within this group:
X 5 CrNi 18-10 / X 4 CrNi 18-12
X 5 CrNiMo 18-10 / X 2 CrNiMo 18-10
Steel A2 (AISI 304 = 1.4301 = 08Х18Н10)
— non-toxic, non-magnetic, non-hardening, corrosion-resistant steel. It is easy to weld and does not become brittle. May exhibit magnetic properties as a result of mechanical processing (washers and some types of screws). This is the most common group of stainless steels. The closest analogues are 08Х18Н10 GOST 5632, AISI 304 and AISI 304L (with reduced carbon content).
Fasteners and products made from A2 steel are suitable for use in general construction work (for example, when installing ventilated facades, stained glass structures made of aluminum), in the manufacture of fences, pumping equipment, instrument making from stainless steel. steel for oil and gas production, food, chemical industries, and shipbuilding. Retains strength properties when heated to 425oC, and at low temperatures to -200oC.
Steel A4 (AISI 316 = 1.4401 = 10Х17Н13М2)
- differs from A2 steel by adding 2-3% molybdenum. This significantly increases its ability to resist corrosion and acids. A4 steel has higher antimagnetic characteristics and is absolutely non-magnetic. The closest analogues are 10Х17Н13М12 GOST 5632, AISI 316 and AISI 316L (low carbon content).
Fasteners and rigging made from A4 steel are recommended for use in shipbuilding. Fasteners and products made from A4 steel are suitable for use in acidic and chlorine-containing environments (for example, swimming pools and salt water). Can be used at temperatures from -60 to 450°C.
Mechanical properties
When considering the metal, the mechanical properties of steel 12x18n10t are also taken into account. they are characterized as follows:
- Brinell hardness corresponds to 179 MPa. This point determines that the surface of the material can withstand impacts of various types.
- The tensile strength varies in a different range, usually 279 MPa.
Mechanical characteristics of steel 12x18n10t
When choosing 12x18n10t, the yield strength is also taken into account, which determines the possibility of its use when casting various products.
Other features of the metal in question include the following points:
- When doped, silicon is included in the composition. It increases density and flow rate. The concentration of this chemical element in the composition adversely affects plasticity.
- Sufficiently high ductility and impact strength are attractive performance qualities of the metal.
- As the ambient temperature decreases, the mechanical properties of the metal begin to decrease significantly.
The disadvantage is that the metal does not withstand the effects of substances that contain chlorine ions. In addition, corrosion resistance is low in relation to hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. Therefore, the scope of application is somewhat limited.
Description of composition
If we talk about the composition of this alloy, then it includes such elements as:
If we talk about the chemical characteristics of steel 12Х18Н10Т, then they must meet the requirements specified in the state standard under number 5632-72. Due to its composition and parameters, this raw material can be used both in the cryogenic industry, where work is carried out at temperatures up to -280 degrees Celsius, and in steel-smelting furnaces, the temperature in which can reach +1800 degrees Celsius.
In addition, this grade of steel can also be characterized by the fact that its impact strength and ductility are at a high level. Thanks to these two parameters, the processing of such material occurs quite smoothly, but you need to be careful when deforming the sheet type of raw material. Here, defects may occur during the process.
Scope of application
The use of steel 12x18n10t is very extensive:
- Food industry. It is worth considering that there are quite a lot of requirements for products used in the food industry. The metal should not interact with food and drinks.
- Chemical and oil industries. These industries also often create various containers and elements that come into contact with petroleum products and various chemicals.
- Mechanical engineering. In the mechanical engineering industry, various products are manufactured by cutting. If they will be used in high humidity and exposure to chemicals, then the material in question is often selected.
- In the fuel industry and energy sector. The metal can withstand high temperatures.
Application of steel 12x18n10t in the production of building materials
Sheet steel 12x18n10t
Tank made of steel 12x18n10t
Application of steel 12x18n10t in automotive production
Metal can be processed using automatic and manual welding. A high thermal conductivity coefficient determines the use of steel in the manufacture of heat exchange equipment. Sheet metal is also used in the manufacture of collector elements for the transmission and distribution of exhaust gases.
Seamless stainless steel pipes, which are operated under high pressure, have become widespread. In addition, the chemical composition contains titanium, which determines low magnetic qualities. A sufficiently high concentration of carbon determines a high level of strength.
